{"title":"Effects of rotational delay shiftwork/jetlag on circadian rhythm, stress and inflammatory responses in the diurnal mammal <i>Funambulus pennantii</i>.","authors":"Madhumita Mishra, Rajesh Gupta, Deepak Kumar, Sandhya, Soumik Ghosh, Muniyandi Singaravel","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2554830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2025.2554830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although delay-based shiftwork/jetlag schedules are often considered less disruptive than advances and are increasingly adopted in occupational settings, their long-term impact on physiological homeostasis remains underexplored. In this study, we investigated the consequences of repeated phase delays on circadian alignment, oxidative balance, endocrine function, and systemic inflammation in the diurnal rodent <i>Funambulus pennantii</i>. Animals were kept either under a stable 12:12 hour light-dark (LD) cycle or subjected to a successive delay rotational shift (SDRS) schedule for 28 days. In the SDRS schedule, the light phase was delayed by 8 hours every two days, and every seventh day, animals were returned to the normal LD cycle for rest. SDRS exposure led to marked circadian misalignment, evident from disrupted and desynchronized locomotor activity rhythms. Biochemical analyses revealed reduced serum melatonin and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT), along with elevated corticosterone levels, indicating stress induction. Moreover, animals under SDRS showed significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), highlighting immune activation. Our results highlight that delay-based shift schedules, often considered less harmful, can significantly impair physiological resilience, warranting a re-evaluation of their perceived safety due to their stress and inflammatory effects in diurnal systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahmut Bodur, Ahmet Murat Günal, Zohreh Sajadi Hezaveh
{"title":"The association between chronotype and dietary nutrient patterns.","authors":"Mahmut Bodur, Ahmet Murat Günal, Zohreh Sajadi Hezaveh","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2554791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2025.2554791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines how dietary nutrient patterns vary among individuals with different chronotypes. In other words, this research explores the potential connections between nutrient intake and circadian rhythm. In this secondary data analysis, we used data from 3,072 adult participants (mean age: 30.16 y (SD = 10.92); 49.8% males) who completed a survey between September 2022 and July 2023. Chronotypes were assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and dietary intake was measured through 24-h dietary recall. One-way ANOVA and Multinomial regression analysis were used to investigate the associations. The intermediate chronotype was the most common among participants (73% vs 13% early and 14% late chronotype). Unlike morning types, intermediate and evening chronotypes had similar demographic and dietary characteristics. Four nutrient patterns were identified: \"Vit B-rich,\" \"Plant-based,\" \"Antioxidant,\" and \"High-fat.\" \"Vit B-rich pattern\" was linked to a morning chronotype. Greater adherence to the \"antioxidant pattern,\" characterized by nutrients such as vit A, vit C, and folate, was associated with a lower likelihood of being an evening type. Adherers of \"high-fat pattern\" were less likely to be intermediate types. \"Plant-based\" pattern characterized by fibre, magnesium, etc. was not associated with any chronotype. Morning chronotypes may gravitate toward or consume more foods rich in vit B. People with an intermediate chronotype may be less likely to follow a \"high-fat\" diet, and evening types may be less likely to follow an \"antioxidant\" diet. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the direction of the relationship between chronotype and dietary intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Circadian and light-induced regulation of the expression of core clock proteins in common carp.","authors":"Mikolaj Mazur, Karolina Marzec, Tomasz Kantyka, Magdalena Markowska, Magdalena Chadzinska, Lukasz Pijanowski","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2539415","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2539415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The unique circadian clock system of fish consists of central and peripheral pacemakers that are directly regulated by light. The functioning of this clock machinery is based on cyclic changes in the expression of clock proteins that form transcriptional-translational loops. In this study, we performed an analysis of the circadian changes in Cry1, Cry2 and Clock protein levels in the nervous system, immune system and other peripheral organs of common carp. Protein-level analyses revealed that Cry1, Cry2 and Clock proteins show diurnal expression patterns in both central and peripheral tissues, with tissue-specific variations. We have shown that both Cry variants may play important roles in the clock mechanism, but their importance appears to be organ specific, with Cry2 and Cry1 likely playing important roles in central and peripheral oscillators, respectively. However, further genetic analysis will be required to clearly define the role of these proteins in the carp clock mechanism. We have found that the central oscillator function in carp is primarily performed by the retina, which is characterized by strong endogenous rhythmicity of activity. We have also observed that light availability clearly modulates the circadian clock mechanism in fish and probably indirectly other physiological functions by regulating the expression of key proteins that determine clock activity. Post-translational modifications of clock proteins, which are crucial for their functionality, affect their circadian rhythmicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1217-1226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeanny Joana Rodrigues Alves de Santana, Jefferson Souza Santos, Fernando Mazzilli Louzada, Sabine Pompeia
{"title":"Morningness-eveningness scale for children: Difficulties in establishing reference score intervals by age and sex throughout adolescence.","authors":"Jeanny Joana Rodrigues Alves de Santana, Jefferson Souza Santos, Fernando Mazzilli Louzada, Sabine Pompeia","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2532798","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2532798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As adolescents become older, they tend to prefer sleeping and waking later due to biological maturation and social/environmental changes. Higher evening preferences relate to risks of developing physical and mental ill-health and/or academic underachievement. To identify individuals who are more vulnerable to these negative outcomes, prior studies have mostly established percentile cutoff scores in questionnaires of morningness-eveningness (M-E) preferences, a method that leads to biased estimates, and/or used linear statistical methods, which do not consider that M-E can fit other types of distribution. We reanalyzed cross-sectional data of 1815 10-18-year-old Brazilians who filled in the most popular circadian preference scale, the M-E Scale for Children (MESC). Age/sex MESC sum raw score differences were analyzed using correlations, general linear models and 44 different curve fittings based on fractional polynomials and exponential data transformation. We found a very slight correlation and general linear increase in eveningness with age, but none of the 44 tested curve fit patterns reliably explained score changes across ages, being highly variable at all ages. Hence, establishing MESC reference score intervals by age/sex is of little practical value. We discuss other factors combined with MESC scores that may help identify adolescents at risk of circadian-related problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1174-1183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rukiye Yesil, Cagatay Aydogan, Gulcin Ozkara, Bengu Tokat, Ahmet Yildiz, Abdullah Omer Ebeoglu, Mehmet Fatih Seyhan, Oguz Ozturk, Hulya Yilmaz-Aydogan
{"title":"<i>NR1D1 (REVERBalpha)</i> may be novel candidate gene for coronary artery disease in men: Differential effects of <i>NR1D1</i> polymorphisms by gender.","authors":"Rukiye Yesil, Cagatay Aydogan, Gulcin Ozkara, Bengu Tokat, Ahmet Yildiz, Abdullah Omer Ebeoglu, Mehmet Fatih Seyhan, Oguz Ozturk, Hulya Yilmaz-Aydogan","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2532797","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2532797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circadian rhythms are strongly linked to cardiometabolic syndromes such as coronary artery disease (CAD). <i>NR1D1(REVERBalpha)</i> regulates lipid metabolism and circadian clock. This study investigated possible associations between the <i>NR1D1</i> rs2314339 C > T and rs72836608 C > A polymorphisms and metabolic parameters in 126 CAD patients and 125 controls. Allelic discrimination was performed by Real-Time PCR using TaqMan Genotyping Assays. The rs2314339-CC and rs72836608-AA genotypes were associated with an increased risk of CAD (<i>p</i> < 0.05), which varied according to cardiovascular risk factors. The rs72836608-A allele and rs2314339-CC genotypes were associated with an increased risk of CAD in healthy-weight, non-diabetic, normolipidemic, and male patients (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, the rs72836608-A allele was associated with an elevated risk of CAD in patients with hypertension (<i>p</i> = 0.016). Subgroup analysis by gender showed that the rs72836608-A allele (<i>p</i> = 0.018), the rs2314339-CC genotype (<i>p</i> = 0.008), hyperlipidemia (<i>p</i> = 0.001), hypertension (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (<i>p</i> = 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of CAD in men. Nevertheless, the presence of hypertension (<i>p</i> = 0.008), hyperlipidemia (<i>p</i> = 0.025), and T2DM (<i>p</i> = 0.001) were significantly associated with CAD risk in the females. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the rs72836608-A allele (<i>p</i> = 0.034), male gender (<i>p</i> = 0.01), hyperlipidemia (<i>p</i> = 0.008), hypertension (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and T2DM (<i>p</i> = 0.001) were associated with an increased risk for CAD in the overall cohort. The findings suggest that both polymorphisms may be associated with an increased risk of CAD, particularly in men, and may be influenced by factors including age and other cardiovascular risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1161-1173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer T Lee, Jaclyn M Goodrich, Dana C Dolinoy, Karen E Peterson, Martha M Téllez-Rojo, Alejandra Cantoral, Libni A Torres-Olascoaga, Edward A Ruiz-Narváez, Erica C Jansen
{"title":"Adolescent dietary patterns and methyl-donor nutrient intakes in relation to blood leukocyte DNA methylation of circadian genes.","authors":"Jennifer T Lee, Jaclyn M Goodrich, Dana C Dolinoy, Karen E Peterson, Martha M Téllez-Rojo, Alejandra Cantoral, Libni A Torres-Olascoaga, Edward A Ruiz-Narváez, Erica C Jansen","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2532796","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2532796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary composition may impact circadian rhythms, potentially through DNA methylation of circadian genes. However, research among adolescents remains limited. Cross-sectional association of three dietary patterns, derived from principal component analysis of energy-adjusted food groups, and five energy-adjusted methyl-donor nutrients (folate, methionine, riboflavin, and vitamins B6 and B12) on DNA methylation of 18 circadian-related genes in 526 adolescents was examined. DNA methylation levels at CpG sites were quantified from blood leukocytes using the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip, with false discovery rate adjustments (<i>q ≤ 0.20</i>). Linear regression was used, adjusting for age, sex, maternal education, smoking status, batch effects, and cell-type proportions. Correlations between CpG sites and gene expression data (RNA-seq) of the corresponding genes were evaluated. Riboflavin was negatively associated with cg06337557 (<i>MTNR1B</i>) and cg02076826 (<i>RORA</i>). Vitamin B6 was positively associated with cg09615953 (<i>PER3</i>) and negatively with cg06337557 (<i>MTNR1B</i>). In males, the <i>Breakfast</i> pattern was negatively associated with cg13146553 (<i>RORA</i>), and riboflavin was positively associated with cg06487986 (<i>PER3</i>). No significant associations were found for the <i>Plant-based & lean proteins</i> pattern, folate, methionine, or vitamin B12. DNA methylation of the 18 clock genes were not correlated with gene expression data of the corresponding genes. Dietary patterns and methyl-donor nutrients may influence core clock and melatonin-related genes, with potential sex-specific relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1145-1160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12366751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Are 24-hour variations in food intake and subjective food perceptions different between day and night shift workers?","authors":"Nowane Borges Alves Silva Morais, Catarina Mendes Silva, Milena Ferreira Ramos, Gabriela Pereira Teixeira, Cibele Aparecida Crispim","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2534007","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2534007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shift workers have an increased likelihood of developing obesity and metabolic disorders, and the dietary intake during nighttime seems to increase the risk of these conditions. Nevertheless, it remains unclear if hunger, food preferences, and satiety differ between night workers and day workers. This study aimed to compare the daily patterns of dietary intake and subjective dietary perceptions among day and night workers. A total of 60 workers participated in this study (30-day workers and 30-night workers). Dietary intake was assessed using a daily food record for a full working day, along with a Numerical Rating Scale (ranging from 0 to 10) used to measure subjective feelings of food satisfaction (appetite, hunger, and satiety) after each meal. Night workers showed a stronger preference for vegetables during the evening snack (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and a greater appetite for meat, eggs, and savory foods during the morning snack (<i>p</i> < 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.007, respectively) compared to day workers. In conclusion, night workers demonstrated different food perceptions compared to day workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1184-1193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahoor Ahmad Pampori, Aasif Ahmad Sheikh, Fozia Shah, Ovais Aarif, Sumeira Shafi, Ab Shakoor Bhat
{"title":"Temporal bias in physiological and immune responses to endotoxin challenge in bovine calves.","authors":"Zahoor Ahmad Pampori, Aasif Ahmad Sheikh, Fozia Shah, Ovais Aarif, Sumeira Shafi, Ab Shakoor Bhat","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2539417","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2539417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, livestock serves as an important source of food and nutritional security, thus warrants robust animal care and management. Evidence suggests that there exists a relationship between circadian rhythm and immune-endocrine response to a homeostatic challenge. In the present investigation, fifteen prepubertal bovine calves of 6-8 months age were randomly distributed into three groups; Morning, Afternoon, and Evening groups with five calves in each group. Four calves from each group were intravenously challenged with endotoxin (E. coli 055:B5 @ 0.5 μg/kg bw). The Morning group was challenged at 6 o'clock (6 AM), Afternoon group at 14 o'clock (2 PM), and Evening group at 22 o'clock (10 PM) in a 24-h circadian cycle. One calf from every group received 10 ml normal saline intravenously to serve as placebo. The responses for basic physiological parameters viz; rectal temperature, respiration rate and heart rate were recorded before injection and at an interval of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h after the endotoxin challenge. Blood (7 ml) from each animal was drawn aseptically from the jugular vein in heparinized vacutainers before challenge and at an interval of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h after the challenge. Rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate recorded as area under curve (AUC) after antigenic challenge were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) different amongst the groups with highest values in the Morning group. Similarly, the responses to endotoxin insult for total leukocyte count (TLC) and blood glucose recorded a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) dip from the base values after the challenge. The responses of immune markers like IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α to the challenge were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) elevated from base values which peaked by 2-4 h post-challenge in all the groups and receded to the baseline levels by 12 h after the challenge. The change in IL-1β recoded as AUC was lowest in the Evening group, whereas, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were lowest in the Morning group. The present study confirms that bovines respond differentially to the endotoxin challenge over a 24-h circadian cycle that may ultimately influence the immune response, disease progression and therapeutic regimes. Further research in this area should open a new window of chronotherapy in veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1227-1243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"External validation of the Japanese version of the reduced morningness-eveningness questionnaire (rMEQ) score using dim light melatonin onset and sleep-wake behavior in young adults.","authors":"Taisuke Eto, Yuki Nishimura, Hiroki Ikeda, Taiki Kunieda, Minori Enomoto, Tomohide Kubo, Ana Adan, Shingo Kitamura","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2532795","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2532795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), a five-item version of the 19-item MEQ, is a practical tool for assessing circadian typology or \"morningness\" and \"eveningness\" preference. Although we previously validated the Japanese version of rMEQ with MEQ, external validation against an established standard was lacking. This study aimed to additionally validate the Japanese rMEQ in young adults by assessing the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), a marker of circadian phase, and subjective/objective sleep-wake habits. Twenty healthy young adults (mean age: 23.0 ± 1.9 years) participated in this study and were assessed the circadian typology by rMEQ and MEQ. The sleep-wake habits were measured by sleep diary, actigraphy and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Salivary melatonin samples were collected to determine DLMO. Results showed significant correlations between rMEQ scores and DLMO, as well as sleep variables based on sleep diary, actigraphy and PSQI. Correlations between rMEQ scores and these variables were consistently stronger than those for MEQ. These findings highlight the validity of the Japanese rMEQ and that the rMEQ more accurately reflects circadian typology and internal circadian phases compared to MEQ, at least in Japanese young adults. The Japanese rMEQ could be a valuable tool for efficiently assessing circadian typologies in Japanese young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1137-1144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariana Romanenko, Madeline Bartsch, Liubov Piven, Andreas Hahn, Mattea Müller
{"title":"Gut microbiota and circadian disruption in humans: Is there a rationale for metabolic disorders?","authors":"Mariana Romanenko, Madeline Bartsch, Liubov Piven, Andreas Hahn, Mattea Müller","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2536521","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07420528.2025.2536521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circadian disruption, arising from behaviors such as shift work and sleep deprivation, is increasingly prevalent and associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in metabolic homeostasis by producing metabolites - such as short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and microbial-associated molecular patterns - that influence nutrient absorption, immune responses, and host metabolism in alignment with circadian rhythms. This review explores how circadian disruptors influence the human gut microbiome, focusing on changes in microbial composition, diversity, and functionality, and their implications for metabolic health. Preclinical studies demonstrate that circadian disruptions alter microbial composition, reduce rhythmicity, and impair functionality, contributing to metabolic disorders. However, human studies often report inconsistent findings, with microbial functionality appearing more sensitive to disruptions than composition. Eating patterns affect both the gut microbiome and circadian alignment; their optimization could realign microbial and host rhythms to promote metabolic homeostasis. Future research should focus on longitudinal and interventional studies using advanced methodologies, such as real-time intestinal gas measurements, to capture dynamic microbial activity in humans. Understanding microbial responses to circadian disruptors could inform therapeutic strategies targeting host-microbe interactions to improve metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1244-1264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}