Reaction Chemistry & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Promotional effect of rare earth (Er, Pr, Nd, Gd and Sm) metals on the photocatalytic H2O splitting activity of Ni–Al doped TiO2 catalysts for H2 production","authors":"Mandari Kotesh Kumar, Pasam Madhavi, Chatla Anjaneyulu, Misook Kang and Akula Venugopal","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00458F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00458F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The pursuit of efficient and cost-effective photocatalysts for hydrogen (H<small>₂</small>) evolution remains a crucial challenge in the development of sustainable energy technologies. In this study, rare earth metal (Er, Pr, Nd, Gd and Sm) doped Ni–Al modified TiO<small>₂</small> catalysts were successfully synthesized <em>via</em> a mechanical mixing method. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the as-prepared catalysts were systematically characterized. Photocatalytic H<small>₂</small> evolution tests under visible light irradiation were conducted to evaluate the performance of the Ni–RE–Al/TiO<small>₂</small> (RE = Er, Pr, Nd, Gd and Sm) catalysts. Among them, the Ni–Gd–Al/TiO<small>₂</small> catalyst exhibited superior hydrogen evolution activity, achieving a yield of 1503.4 μmol g<small>⁻¹</small> h<small>⁻¹</small>, compared with other RE doped catalysts. The enhanced H<small>₂</small> production was attributed to the synergistic interaction between Ni–RE–Al and TiO<small>₂</small>, which altered the electronic structure and enhanced light absorption thereby broadening the photocatalytic activity spectrum. This work contributes to the development of low-cost, environmentally friendly and high-performance photocatalysts for renewable hydrogen production for clean energy technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 4","pages":" 971-979"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile room-temperature synthesis of hydroxysulfides for efficient oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Pei-Wei Zhong, Hong-Xiao Yang, Wenkang Xu, Zhiyang Yu, Bei Li, Yuguang Jin, Hongjuan Wang, Yonghai Cao, Hao-Fan Wang, Yanhui Yang and Hao Yu","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00397K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00397K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Transition metal layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are among the most promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts due to their abundant active sites and tunable metal composition. However, modulating metal species alone often fails to achieve optimal electronic structure. To address this, anionic regulation, such as sulfur incorporation, has been proposed as an effective strategy to further optimize the local electronic environment and enhance the OER performance. Despite this, conventional sulfurization approaches typically require harsh conditions, leading to phase transformation, lattice damage, and uneven sulfur distribution, thereby reducing structural integrity and catalytic activity. Herein, we develop a room-temperature sulfur doping strategy to introduce S<small>²⁻</small> into nickel<small>–</small>iron-based LDH grown on nickel foam (NiFe-LDH/NF), yielding a hydroxysulfide catalyst (S-NiFe-LDH/NF) while retaining the original structure of LDH. This mild, energy-saving method enables uniform sulfur incorporation and effectively modulates the electronic states of metal sites. Importantly, the introduced sulfur ions induce enhanced surface reconstruction of the NiFe-LDH nanosheets under operating conditions, exposing more active sites and improving OER kinetics. The resulting S-NiFe-LDH/NF catalyst exhibits outstanding OER electrocatalytic performance, delivering a low overpotential of 235 mV at 200 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> and a small Tafel slope of 45.3 mV dec<small>⁻¹</small> in 1.0 M KOH, significantly outperforming the pristine NiFe-LDH/NF and commercial RuO<small>₂</small>. Moreover, it demonstrates excellent long-term durability, maintaining over 90% of its initial current after 100 hours of continuous operation. This work presents a scalable structure-preserving strategy for sulfur doping in LDH-based electrocatalysts, offering a promising approach to design high-performance OER catalysts for sustainable hydrogen production <em>via</em> water electrolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 6","pages":" 1252-1261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148202869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonogashira breathes easy: a practical room-temperature homogeneous coupling in continuous flow under air","authors":"Vladimir L. Bondarev, Ivan A. Andreev, Olga A. Sherstneva, Alexey A. Festa, Leonid G. Voskressensky and Rafael Luque","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00494B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00494B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction is a cornerstone of modern organic synthesis, yet its implementation under mild, scalable, and operationally simple conditions remains a challenge. To address this, we developed a homogeneous, room-temperature Sonogashira coupling protocol in continuous flow that operates efficiently at room temperature under air. Using an E-FLOW-10 flow platform, we optimized a catalytic system based on Pd(OAc)<small>₂</small>, CuI, and PPh<small>₃</small> in a mixed Et<small>₃</small>N/MeOH solvent system. Crucially, separating the palladium and copper catalysts into two distinct feed streams prevented rapid Pd-black formation and significantly enhanced reaction efficiency. This work demonstrates a practical Sonogashira coupling in flow, overcoming previous limitations associated with heterogeneous systems and elevated temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 3","pages":" 601-607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147335682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co(salen)-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of lignin models: investigating the role of ligands through data science","authors":"Mateus O. Costa, Ariel A. Pereira, Edson L. S. Souza, Antonio C. B. Burtoloso and Marco A. B. Ferreira","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00454C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00454C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The aerobic oxidation of lignin model compounds represents a promising strategy for lignin valorization, yet its success relies on designing catalysts with both high activity and stability under mild conditions. In this work, we demonstrated that rational modulation of steric and electronic features in Co(salen)-type complexes enables precise control over their reactivity and deactivation pathways. By integrating data science tools with experimental and computational analyses, we identified key molecular descriptors that govern catalytic behavior. For Bozell-type ligands, steric hindrance close to the metal center emerged as the dominant factor, acting as a protective barrier to prevent deactivation. In contrast, in the newly developed salen ligands based on a cyclohexyldiamine backbone and mapped <em>via</em> chemical space exploration of salicylaldehydes, the electronic properties played a central role in enhancing activity. These findings enabled the selection of a catalyst which displayed high reactivity and selectivity across various lignin model substrates and organosolv lignin, retaining excellent performance under greener conditions. Altogether, this work illustrates how a synergistic combination of computational analysis, and data-driven ligand design strategies can accelerate the development of sustainable oxidation catalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 4","pages":" 932-947"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valuable carbon nanomaterials directly prepared from CO2via sonication in pure water","authors":"Jungwen Yeh, Yuki Moriya and Masaya Uchida","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00421G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00421G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Carbon nano-onions (CNOs; also termed multi-walled nanospheres) are produced by one-pot sonication in water at room temperature from CaCO<small>₃</small>/Ca(OH)<small>₂</small>. The as-made material is a CNO-enriched mixed carbon, in which CNOs are frequently observed together with minor graphene-like sheets and filamentous objects; phase separation was not attempted at the present scale. Microscopy (TEM) and spectroscopy (Raman) corroborate 20–30 nm concentric shells; additional spectroscopic signatures indicate oxygen-containing surface functionalities. Carbon yield was quantified on clarified supernatants by total organic carbon (TOC = TC − IC), giving a lower-bound yield of 0.10% relative to input CaCO<small>₃</small> and a lower-bound CO<small>₂</small>-to-carbon conversion of 0.8% (relative to carbon in CaCO<small>₃</small>). A CO<small>₂</small>-depleted control (N<small>₂</small> headspace during Ca(OH)<small>₂</small> pre-equilibration) suppressed precursor formation and is consistent with atmospheric CO<small>₂</small> capture <em>via</em> CaCO<small>₃</small> prior to sonication. This water-based, room-temperature route outlines a direct path from carbonate precursors to useful solid carbons; scope, limitations, and controls are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 5","pages":" 1053-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147872188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrodialysis recovery of boric acid from simulated boron-containing radioactive wastewater: influence of salt species","authors":"Biao Wang, Xiaowei Wang, Jinfeng Men, Yudong Xie and Ping Bao","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00303B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00303B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >During the electrodialysis treatment of boron-containing radioactive waste liquid in nuclear power plants, the effective separation and recovery of boric acid is crucial. However, the influence mechanisms of coexisting salt species on the migration behavior of boric acid as an electrically neutral molecule remain unclear. This study systematically investigated the effects of different cations and anions on boric acid migration behavior during electrodialysis by establishing migration equations. The results demonstrate that salt species affected both the diffusion and electroosmotic migration of boric acid to varying degrees: divalent cations (Ca<small>²⁺</small>, Mg<small>²⁺</small>) with strong hydration capacity mainly reduced boric acid's diffusion and electroosmotic migration coefficients by decreasing membrane chain spacing and increasing solution viscosity; while anions (Cl<small>⁻</small>, NO<small>₃</small><small>⁻</small>, SO<small>₄</small><small>²⁻</small>) had minimal impact on boric acid diffusion behavior, but SO<small>₄</small><small>²⁻</small> could form hydrogen bonds with boric acid molecules, significantly enhancing its electroosmotic migration coefficient. Separation performance evaluation showed that the boron separation factor remained stable above 0.9 across different salt systems, confirming that electrodialysis maintains excellent separation performance for boric acid under slightly acidic conditions at pH = 6, effectively achieving boric acid retention in the dilute compartment and concentrating ionic pollutants in the concentrate compartment.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 6","pages":" 1242-1251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148202868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flower-like Bi12O17Cl2/β-Bi2O3 heterojunction for photocatalytic wastewater purification","authors":"Tianyuan Xiao, Xinyue Dong, Yong Li, Xiaoya Ding and Guangming Yin","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00488H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00488H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Non-stoichiometric bismuth oxyhalides represent a category of semiconductor photocatalysts with extensive application potential. Herein, Bi<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small>, Bi<small>₁₂</small>O<small>₁₇</small>Cl<small>₂</small>, and Bi<small>₁₂</small>O<small>₁₇</small>Cl<small>₂</small>/β-Bi<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> microsphere materials were prepared through calcination. The photocatalytic degradation performance of Bi<small>₁₂</small>O<small>₁₇</small>Cl<small>₂</small>/β-Bi<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> composite microspheres on methylene blue (MB) simulated wastewater under visible light was investigated. The results indicate that the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of MB can reach up to 91.50% in a 10 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> solution by Bi<small>₁₂</small>O<small>₁₇</small>Cl<small>₂</small>/β-Bi<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> composite microspheres. The photocatalytic mechanism of Bi<small>₁₂</small>O<small>₁₇</small>Cl<small>₂</small>/β-Bi<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> was explored using free radical trapping experiments, UV-vis DRS, and Nyquist curve analysis, revealing that the material forms a type II heterostructure. This work presents a novel perspective on the design of advanced coupled-semiconductor materials for the degradation of organic pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 4","pages":" 959-970"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in continuous manufacturing of albuterol sulfate: optimization of an amination reaction in flow","authors":"Kimberly E. Penzer, Daniel G. Gregory, Samantha G. Kohn, Kaitlin E. Kay, Justin T. Turnage and James K. Ferri","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00465A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00465A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Albuterol sulfate, an asthma therapeutic, has historically been manufactured <em>via</em> batch processing yet is perennially listed on the FDA's drug shortage list. This work investigates the translation of a batch S<small>_N</small>2 amination reaction for synthesis of a key albuterol precursor towards continuous flow processing monitored with on-line <small>¹</small>H NMR. The results detailed herein enable integration and scale-up of the unit operation within a larger end-to-end Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) for continuous albuterol sulfate production. Initial batch screening studies were conducted to optimize process variables, determine kinetic parameters, and identify byproducts. Laminar and plug flow models were developed using batch kinetic data to simulate reactant conversion during molecular transit through a tubular reactor; the models were compared with experimental flow data at 20–60 °C. A pseudo first order flow model most accurately modeled the reaction in flow – enabling intelligent reactor design and scale-up by simulating yield at various temperatures (<em>T</em>), flowrates (<em>Q</em>), and residence times (<em>τ</em>). The experimental flow study demonstrated optimal solution yield (99.3 ± 4.6%) and conversion (99.0 ± 0.8%) of the starting material [50 mg ml<small>⁻¹</small>] when the reaction was performed in isopropanol at 60 °C with a 40 min <em>τ</em>. <small>¹</small>H NMR was utilized as an on-line process analytical technology (PAT); key reaction species were identified and calibrated to enable quantification of concentration <em>via</em> an integrated flow cell. Ultimately, this work offers a continuous method of synthesizing a key API intermediate with on-line composition monitoring for integration and scale-up within a larger end-to-end AMT system to help alleviate drug shortages.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 6","pages":" 1228-1241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/re/d5re00465a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148202867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing butadiene yield and catalyst stability via aqueous feed dilution in 1,3-butanediol dehydration","authors":"Andrea C. Rodriguez, María E. Sad and Cristina L. Padró","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00367A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00367A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The influence of using water as a diluent on the catalytic performance and deactivation in the gas-phase reaction of 1,3-butanediol (1,3BDOL) at 523 K was studied on four solid acid catalysts: HZSM5, SiO<small>₂</small>/Al<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small>, Al<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small>, and TPA (tungstophosphoric acid)/SiO<small>₂</small>. Reactions were carried out using both pure 1,3BDOL and 1,3BDOL 10 wt% in water as reactants. Both fresh and spent catalysts were characterized using various techniques, including N<small>₂</small> physisorption, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, FTIR of adsorbed pyridine, MAS NMR, and Temperature Programmed Oxidation (TPO). The use of 1,3-butanediol diluted in water in the reaction increased butadiene selectivity over SiO<small>₂</small>/Al<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small>, HZSM5, and TPA/SiO<small>₂</small> while reducing coke formation, without altering the nature of the carbonaceous deposits, as confirmed by TPO and FTIR analyses. The reaction results showed that the presence of water is a key parameter in mitigating deactivation, enhancing the stability of catalytic activity during the conversion of 1,3BDOL on SiO<small>₂</small>/Al<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small>, HZSM5, and TPA/SiO<small>₂</small>, as well as the selectivity towards butadiene.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 6","pages":" 1202-1212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148202909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomous flow reaction optimization guided by NMR spectroscopy and advanced Bayesian optimization algorithms","authors":"Aravind Senthil Vel, Yuliia Horbenko, Nour El Sabbagh, Burkhard Groh, Daniel Cortés-Borda, Jonathan Farjon, Patrick Giraudeau, Jean-Nicolas Dumez, Jean-Philippe Krieger and François-Xavier Felpin","doi":"10.1039/D5RE00504C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RE00504C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Efficient algorithmic strategies are essential for autonomous self-optimization in flow, where multiple, often conflicting, objectives must be balanced under strict experimental budgets. In this work, we compared two optimization approaches. The first is the Pareto-oriented approach, which focuses on identifying all trade-off solutions. The second is the constraint-oriented approach, where a single objective is optimised while constraining the others so that the search remains focused on the region of interest. We first evaluated both approaches in an <em>in silico</em> study by optimising six analytical functions and showed the advantage of the constraint-oriented strategy. We then applied the two approaches in the continuous-flow synthesis of 3-phenyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole monitored by compact NMR spectroscopy. In the experimental study, we used constraint within the adaptive boundary constraint Bayesian optimization, a strategy we developed recently to avoid futile experiments (experiments that do not improve the current best objective value theoretically). While the Pareto approach is able to identify a diverse range of solutions, ABC-BO directed the search more efficiently towards the conditions of interest. This work demonstrates the complementarity of Pareto-oriented and constraint-based optimization strategies and underscores the importance of algorithm selection in autonomous chemical development.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 6","pages":" 1274-1282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148202871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}