Chinese Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Mitochondrial quality control in health and disease: Updates 2026.","authors":"Zhengzhao Liu, Wenbao Hu, Lin Sun, Huafeng Liu","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000004169","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000004169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Mitochondria are central to cellular energy metabolism, and their functional integrity is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and life processes. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) encompasses a complex network of mechanisms-including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondrial proteostasis, and mitochondrial-derived vesicles-that collectively preserve the structural and functional balance of mitochondria. Recent studies have revealed that dysregulation of MQC is closely associated with a broad spectrum of diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancers, highlighting its critical role in pathological processes. Despite significant progress in elucidating the molecular regulation of MQC, many aspects of its complexity and multilayered regulatory mechanisms remain unresolved. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the major molecular pathways involved in MQC and their functional alterations under physiological and pathological conditions. It emphasizes the abnormalities of MQC in various diseases and explores potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, integrating the latest research advances, this article discusses emerging treatment strategies aimed at restoring and optimizing MQC, with the goal of offering theoretical insights and clinical translation avenues for future disease prevention and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"2851-2884"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13626680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148316025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-coding RNAs and RIG-I/MAVS signaling pathway: Insights for targeted therapy in influenza infection.","authors":"Yin Wu, Mei Lu, Linsong Hou, Juan Yang, Qing Chen, Hong Pan, Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000004269","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000004269","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"2848-2850"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13626677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PIK3CA in the transformation of EGFR ‑mutant lung adenocarcinoma to small cell lung cancer following acquired targeted therapy resistance.","authors":"Jinhe Xu, Wenting Zhang, Chenxi Wang, Meiming Zhang, Mengmeng Chen, Ping Lin, Ying Chen, Chaosheng Deng, Zongyang Yu","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000004271","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000004271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"2994-2996"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13626682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different genetic associations of chronic lung diseases and lung cancer risk in European and East Asian populations.","authors":"Yiwen Zhang, Xinyu Wu, Shengshu Li, Xianzhen Wu, Xia Song, Jianchun Duan","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000004263","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000004263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"2991-2993"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13626692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Merging artificial intelligence and retinal vascular geometric parameters: A novel tool for diagnosis and prognosis prediction of diabetic nephropathy.","authors":"Sai Pan, Xiaoniao Chen, Qian Wang, Zhaohui Li, Fang Liu, Liqiang Wang, Yong Wang, Dajiang Wang, Li Zhang, Feng Liu, Ying Li, Jie Wu, Pu Chen, Xueying Cao, Guangyan Cai, Zheyi Dong","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000004211","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000004211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The retinal microvasculature, as the only directly observable microvasculature, may reflect DN progression. This study aims to construct a non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic prediction model using the mixed effects of retinal vascular geometric parameters and clinical data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We constructed a multimodal database including 397 patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease from multiple centers in China. The primary cohort (374 patients) was recruited from the Department of Nephrology at the First Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital in Beijing between 2017 and 2022, while an external validation cohort (23 patients) was collected from five other hospitals across China from September 2022 to March 2023. Fundus images, clinical characteristics, renal biopsy diagnoses, and follow-up data were collected. Unsupervised learning and Resnet neural networks were used to segment and calculate retinal vascular geometric parameters. Weighted quantile regression (WQS), Lasso, and COX univariable regressions were employed to assess the mixed effects of retinal vascular geometric parameters and select relevant clinical characteristics. Logistic regression and Cox regression with random forest (COX-RF) were used for model construction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A multimodal database of 397 patients was constructed. A diagnostic model combining retinal parameters (WQS-diagnosis) and seven clinical characteristics achieved superior performance: AUC 0.98, accuracy 0.92 on the test set, outperforming models using only clinical data (AUC 0.93) or two retinal parameters plus clinical data (AUC 0.94). On the multi-centre validation set, the model maintained accuracy 0.91 and AUC 0.95. For prognosis, a mixed-effects parameter (WQS-prognosis) was derived; the COX-RF model achieved an AUC of 0.88.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Retinal microvasculature are effective biomarkers for DN. The proposed non-invasive model demonstrated high accuracy and generalizability, offering a valuable tool for optimising DN management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"2975-2987"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13626679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"H-X model: A novel tool for predicting pulmonary embolism in lung cancer.","authors":"Ruiyuan Yang, Haoyu Wang, Lu Guo, Yalun Li, Chun Zhang, Siyu Fang, Dan Liu, Weimin Li","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000004268","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000004268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"2997-2999"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13626691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles as biomarkers and therapeutic nanocarriers in cancer.","authors":"Shuang Ma, Ying Zhou, Ziyi Li, Yicheng Chai, Jialu Zhang, Changmao Gao, Jiaxuan Wu, Tao Yan","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000004357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000004357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are lipid bilayer-bound nanoparticles secreted by various cell types. EVs mediate intercellular communication by selectively transporting bioactive molecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. This review comprehensively analyzes EVs biogenesis, classification, and cargo diversity, emphasizing their multifaceted roles in physiological processes and cancer. EVs exhibit intrinsic dual regulatory roles in tumor biology. On the one hand, they promote malignant tumor progression by delivering pro-tumorigenic cargoes and mediating immunosuppressive responses; on the other hand, they can induce anti-tumor immune responses through antigen presentation and immune activation. Beyond these endogenous functions, EVs serve as reliable liquid biopsy biomarkers and versatile therapeutic nanocarriers. Furthermore, engineered EVs enable precise drug delivery in immunotherapy and targeted therapy approaches. Despite their promising clinical potential, major challenges, including the lack of standardized isolation methods and concerns regarding the safety of engineered modifications, remain to be addressed. Future studies should focus on elucidating subtype-specific mechanisms, optimizing therapeutic strategies, and validating clinical efficacy in large-scale trials. EVs represent a promising platform bridging basic research and clinical applications, ushering in a new paradigm of precision medicine for cancer diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-33 alleviates the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and enhances anti-programmed death ligand-1 immunotherapy efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Ensi Ma, Yange Gu, Weiqiao He, Yunshu Ma, Shengran Jiang, Quanbao Zhang, Xiaomu Hu, Jing Zhao, Zhengxin Wang","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000004205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000004205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and limited response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy remain major obstacles to improving HCC prognosis. Interleukin-33 (IL33) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays critical roles in cancer development; however, its function in HCC remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cell proliferation was evaluated using colony formation and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining assays. Tumor-bearing models were established in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. Multiplex immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were performed to assess TME characteristics. RNA sequencing and Western blot analyses were conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that IL33 downregulation was significantly associated with shorter survival in patients with HCC. IL-33 treatment markedly inhibited tumor progression, whereas endogenous IL-33 blockade accelerated tumor growth in immunocompetent mice. However, IL-33 showed no significant effect on cell proliferation in vitro and failed to suppress tumor growth in immunodeficient mice lacking T cells. IL-33 administration notably reduced immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, while substantially increasing CD8+ T cells, particularly functional interferon (IFN)-γ+CD8+ T cells, within the TME. Mechanistically, IL-33 activated the stimulator of interferon genes/interferon regulatory factor signaling axis, enhanced IFN-γ secretion, and inhibited RICTOR and programmed death 1 expression in mouse tumors. Furthermore, HCC specimens with high IL-33 expression exhibited more tertiary lymphoid structures. In addition, combined IL-33 and anti-programmed death ligand-1 therapy synergistically reduced tumor burden and further enhanced antitumor immunity in vivo.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that IL-33 alleviates immunosuppression and enhances ICB efficacy, providing novel insights into its role in HCC immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BAP31 attenuates acute lung injury by inhibiting ferroptosis through activation of the AKT/GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway in the alveolar epithelial cells.","authors":"Qingfeng Wu, Pinzheng Zhang, Xinjie Han, Yongkai Ding, Xi Wang, Yan Wang, Chang Liu, Pingjun Zhu, Guogang Xu, Yingzhen Du","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000004223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000004223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ferroptosis plays an important role in the progression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Although B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31) has been shown to mitigate lung inflammation and oxidative stress, its involvement in ferroptosis during ALI remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BAP31 and ferroptosis in ALI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To explore the role of BAP31 in LPS-induced ALI, we established an ALI model by administering LPS directly into the lungs of both wild-type mice and transgenic mice overexpressing BAP31, followed by collection of lung tissues 24 h post-injection for transcriptomic analysis. Besides, in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate BAP31's effect on ferroptosis in LPS-induced ALI and explore the underlying mechanism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings show a significant reduction in BAP31 expression in ALI, coinciding with increased ferroptosis. Overexpression of BAP31 reduced LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. RNA sequencing revealed that ferroptosis is a central factor in BAP31's protective effects. BAP31 activates the protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) pathway, promoting the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which subsequently induced the expression of ferroptosis-related genes such as GPX4 and HMOX1. Inhibition of Nrf2 nullified BAP31's antioxidant and antiferroptotic effects, highlighting the AKT/GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway as the key mechanism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BAP31 mitigates ALI by inhibiting ferroptosis through activation of the AKT/GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tofacitinib versus belimumab in maintenance therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus: A real-world CSTAR cohort study.","authors":"Qinli Qin, Qizhi Yuan, Jing Xue, Lijun Wu, Jing Yang, Xinwang Duan, Hui Luo, Jiashun Zeng, Hongbin Li, Wei Wei, Leyao Ma, Can Huang, Wei Bai, Shangzhu Zhang, Jiuliang Zhao, Qian Wang, Xinping Tian, Xiaofeng Zeng, Yaping Zhang, Mengtao Li","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000004252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000004252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}