{"title":"Computational pathology in precision oncology: Evolution from task-specific models to foundation models.","authors":"Yuhao Wang, Yunjie Gu, Xueyuan Zhang, Baizhi Wang, Rundong Wang, Xiaolong Li, Yudong Liu, Fengmei Qu, Fei Ren, Rui Yan, S Kevin Zhou","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000003790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, computational pathology has been seamlessly integrated into the entire clinical workflow, which encompasses diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and biomarker discovery. This integration has significantly enhanced clinical accuracy and efficiency while reducing the workload for clinicians. Traditionally, research in this field has depended on the collection and labeling of large datasets for specific tasks, followed by the development of task-specific computational pathology models. However, this approach is labor intensive and does not scale efficiently for open-set identification or rare diseases. Given the diversity of clinical tasks, training individual models from scratch to address the whole spectrum of clinical tasks in the pathology workflow is impractical, which highlights the urgent need to transition from task-specific models to foundation models (FMs). In recent years, pathological FMs have proliferated. These FMs can be classified into three categories, namely, pathology image FMs, pathology image-text FMs, and pathology image-gene FMs, each of which results in distinct functionalities and application scenarios. This review provides an overview of the latest research advancements in pathological FMs, with a particular emphasis on their applications in oncology. The key challenges and opportunities presented by pathological FMs in precision oncology are also explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Which technique provides more benefits in return to sports and clinical outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Double-bundle or single-bundle? A randomized controlled study.","authors":"Xinjie Wang, Zijie Xu, Shitang Song, Zimu Mao, Ximeng Huang, Michael Luo, Xiao Zhou, Bingbing Xu, Jing Ye, Yifan Song, Jiakuo Yu","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003267","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The achievement of an optimal return to sport (RTS) has remained a key goal after sports-related injuries, with the ongoing debate on the effectiveness of different surgical approaches for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. This study aims to assess clinical outcomes and RTS across various surgical methods, such as anatomical single-bundle reconstruction (ASBR), central-axial single-bundle reconstruction (CASBR), and double-bundle reconstruction (DBR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized clinical trial was conducted, comprising 191 patients who underwent ACL rupture. These patients were divided into three groups based on the ACL reconstruction techniques they received (ASBR, CASBR, DBR). Over the 2-year follow-up period, the study assessed RTS through four single-hop tests, isokinetic extension tests, and limb asymmetry indices. Postoperative graft status was determined using the signal-to-noise quotient (SNQ), while knee function was evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 (IKDC-2000) score, Lysholm score, Tegner score, and degree of knee laxity. A binary logistic regression model was developed to forecast the factors influencing ideal RTS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DBR (67.63%) and CASBR (58.00%) exhibited higher RTS passing rates compared to ASBR (30.39%; χ2 = 19.57, P <0.05). Quadriceps strength symmetry in the lower limbs was identified as the key determinant of RTS ( χ2 = 17.08, P <0.05). The RTS rate was influenced by SNQs of the graft's tibial site (odds ratio: 0.544) and quadriceps strength of the reconstructed knee joint at 60°/s (odds ratio: 6.346). Notably, the DBR group showed enhanced knee stability, evidenced by superior results in the Lachman test ( χ2 = 13.49, P <0.01), objective IKDC-2000 ( χ2 = 27.02, P = 0.002), and anterior instability test ( χ2 = 9.46, P <0.01). Furthermore, DBR demonstrated superior clinical outcomes based on the Lysholm score (DBR: 89.57 ± 7.72, CASBR: 83.00 ± 12.71, ASBR: 83.21 ± 11.95; F = 10.452, P <0.01) and IKDC-2000 score (DBR: 90.95 ± 7.00, CASBR: 84.64 ± 12.68, ASBR: 83.63 ± 11.41; F = 11.78, P <0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For patients with ACL rupture, more ideal RTS rate and clinical outcomes were shown in the DBR group than in the ASBR and CASBR groups. Autograft status and quadriceps strength are postively related to RTS.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05400460).</p>","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"2283-2292"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chinese Medical JournalPub Date : 2025-09-20Epub Date: 2025-08-15DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003746
Xiaojie Wang, Yujia Li, Qingqing Chu, Hang Lv, Jing Li, Fan Yi
{"title":"Cellular senescence in kidney diseases.","authors":"Xiaojie Wang, Yujia Li, Qingqing Chu, Hang Lv, Jing Li, Fan Yi","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003746","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Cellular senescence, stable cell cycle arrest that can be triggered in normal cells in response to various intrinsic and extrinsic stressors, has been highlighted as one of the most important mechanisms involved in kidney diseases. It not only serves as a fundamental biological process promoting normal organogenesis and successful wound repair but also contributes to organ dysfunction, tissue fibrosis, and the generalized aging phenotype. Moreover, senescent cells exhibit reduced regenerative capacity, which impairs renal function recovery from injuries. Importantly, senescent cells are involved in immune regulation via secreting a diverse array of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) with autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine activities. Thus, eliminating detrimental senescent cells or inhibiting SASP production holds great promise for developing innovative therapeutic strategies for kidney diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the intricate mechanisms and hallmarks of cellular senescence in kidney diseases and emphasize novel therapeutic targets, including epigenetic regulators, G protein-coupled receptors, and lysosome-related proteins. Particularly, we highlight the recently identified senotherapeutics, which provide new therapeutic strategies for treating kidney diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"2234-2242"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chinese Medical JournalPub Date : 2025-09-20Epub Date: 2025-07-02DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003686
Nan Jiang, Hanze Du, Hongbo Yang, Huijuan Zhu, Shi Chen, Hui Pan
{"title":"Impact of mixed electrolyte imbalances at admission on adverse outcomes in patients with and without renal disease.","authors":"Nan Jiang, Hanze Du, Hongbo Yang, Huijuan Zhu, Shi Chen, Hui Pan","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003686","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003686","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"2356-2358"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chinese Medical JournalPub Date : 2025-09-20Epub Date: 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003623
Yi Li, Xiang Wang, Sixian Weng, Chenxi Xia, Xuyang Meng, Chenguang Yang, Ying Guo, Zuowei Pei, Haiyang Gao, Fang Wang
{"title":"Cardiomyocyte pyroptosis inhibited by dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the miR-19a-3p/IRF-8/MAPK pathway in ischemia-reperfusion.","authors":"Yi Li, Xiang Wang, Sixian Weng, Chenxi Xia, Xuyang Meng, Chenguang Yang, Ying Guo, Zuowei Pei, Haiyang Gao, Fang Wang","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003623","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The protective effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury has been widely reported. Dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DP-MSCs) have therapeutic effects on various diseases, including diabetes and cirrhosis. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of DP-MSCs on I/R injury and elucidate the underlying mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Myocardial I/R injury model mice were treated with DP-MSCs or a miR-19a-3p mimic. The infarct volume, fibrotic area, pyroptosis, inflammation level, and cardiac function were measured. Cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation were transfected with the miR-19a-3p mimic, miR-19a-3p inhibitor, or negative control. Pyroptosis and protein expression in the interferon regulatory factor 8/mitogen-activated protein kinase (IRF-8/MAPK) pathway were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DP-MSCs protected cardiac function in cardiac I/R-injured mice and inhibited cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. The upregulation of miR-19a-3p protected cardiac function, inhibited cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, and inhibited IRF-8/MAPK signaling in cardiac I/R-injured mice. DP-MSCs inhibited cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and the IRF-8/MAPK signaling by upregulating the miR-19a-3p levels in cardiomyocytes injured by I/R.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DP-MSCs protected cardiac function by inhibiting cardiomyocyte pyroptosis through miR-19a-3p under I/R conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"2336-2346"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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