Chinese Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Equivalence of SYN008 versus omalizumab in patients with refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled phase III study.","authors":"Jingyi Li, Yunsheng Liang, Wenli Feng, Liehua Deng, Hong Fang, Chao Ji, Youkun Lin, Furen Zhang, Rushan Xia, Chunlei Zhang, Shuping Guo, Mao Lin, Yanling Li, Shoumin Zhang, Xiaojing Kang, Liuqing Chen, Zhiqiang Song, Xu Yao, Chengxin Li, Xiuping Han, Guoxiang Guo, Qing Guo, Xinsuo Duan, Jie Li, Juan Su, Shanshan Li, Qing Sun, Juan Tao, Yangfeng Ding, Danqi Deng, Fuqiu Li, Haiyun Suo, Shunquan Wu, Jingbo Qiu, Hongmei Luo, Linfeng Li, Ruoyu Li","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000003593","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between family history and onset age of cancer in China.","authors":"Fan Yang, He Li, Maomao Cao, Xinxin Yan, Siyi He, Shaoli Zhang, Qianru Li, Yi Teng, Changfa Xia, Hongmei Zeng, Yunyong Liu, Wanqing Chen","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000003624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Family history (FH) of cancer is an established risk factor for early onset of cancer. However, reliable estimates on the difference in onset age between familial and sporadic cancers remain scarce in the Chinese population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter, hospital-based, cross-sectional study included 23 hospitals across 12 provinces. Patients diagnosed with cancers of the lung, stomach, esophagus, or colorectum between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017 were identified. Detailed information on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, stage at diagnosis, and onset age was collected. We analyzed the association between FH and onset age across different cancer types using quantile regressions, and the potential bias was explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 41,072 eligible patients, 3054 (7.44%) reported a first-degree FH of cancer, and they were diagnosed at younger ages than those without FH (median difference: -1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.59 to -0.79). Stratified by cancer type, the most pronounced difference was observed in colorectal cancer (median difference: -2.25, 95% CI: -3.31 to -1.19). Failure to account for lead time bias resulted in an overestimation of the FH effect, ranging from 3.4% to 15.4% across cancer types. Quantile regression analysis revealed that the impact of FH on age at diagnosis was more pronounced at the upper tail of the age distribution for all cancers combined and for each cancer type individually.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that FH of cancer is associated with the early onset of lung, stomach, esophageal, and colorectal cancers in China. Cancer screening at earlier ages is needed for individuals with an FH.</p>","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban-rural disparities in mortality due to stroke subtypes in China and its provinces, 2015-2020.","authors":"Yi Ren, Jia Yang, Peng Yin, Wei Liu, Zheng Long, Chen Zhang, Zixin Wang, Haijie Liu, Maigeng Zhou, Qingfeng Ma, Junwei Hao","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003135","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Death burden of stroke is severe with over one-third rural residents in China, but there is still a lack of specific national and high-quality reports on the urban-rural differences in stroke burden, especially for subtypes. We aimed to update the understanding of urban-rural differences in stroke deaths.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a descriptive observational study. Data from the national mortality surveillance system, which covers 323.8 million with 605 disease surveillance points (DSPs) across all 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China. All deaths from stroke as the underlying cause from 2015 to 2020 according to DSPs. Crude mortality rate and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) were estimated through DSPs. Average annual percentage change was used to explain the change in mortality rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2015 to 2020, the majority of deaths from all stroke subtypes occurred in rural areas. There were significant differences between the changes of urban and rural ASMRs. On the whole, the changes in urban areas were evidently better, and the ASMR differences were basically expanding. Stroke ASMR in urban China decreased by 15.5%. The rural ASMR of ischemic stroke increased by 12.9%. The rural and urban ASMRs of intracerebral hemorrhage decreased by 24.9% and 27.4%, and those of subarachnoid hemorrhage decreased by 29.5% and 40.4%, respectively. The highest ASMRs of all stroke subtypes and the increasing trend of ischemic stroke ASMR make rural males the focus of stroke management.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The death burden of stroke varies greatly between urban and rural China. Rural residents face unique challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1345-1354"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement of interferon γ-producing mast cells in immune responses against melanocytes in vitiligo requires Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 activation.","authors":"Zhikai Liao, Yunzhu Yao, Bingqi Dong, Yue Le, Longfei Luo, Fang Miao, Shan Jiang, Tiechi Lei","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003173","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative stress and interferon γ (IFNγ)-driven cellular immune responses are responsible for the pathogenesis of vitiligo. However, the connection between oxidative stress and the local production of IFNγ in early vitiligo remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism underlying the production of IFNγ by mast cells and its impact on vitiligo pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Skin specimens from the central, marginal, and perilesional skin areas of active vitiligo lesions were collected to characterize changes of mast cells, CD8 + T cells, and IFNγ-producing cells. Cell supernatants from hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-treated keratinocytes (KCs) were harvested to measure levels of soluble stem cell factor (sSCF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. A murine vitiligo model was established using Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor-B2 (MrgB2, mouse ortholog of human MrgX2) conditional knockout (MrgB2 -/- ) mice to investigate IFNγ production and inflammatory cell infiltrations in tail skin following the challenge with tyrosinase-related protein (Tyrp)-2 180 peptide. Potential interactions between the Tyrp-2 180 peptide and MrgX2 were predicted using molecular docking. The siRNAs targeting MrgX2 and the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 were also used to examine the signaling pathways involved in mast cell activation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IFNγ-producing mast cells were closely aligned with the recruitment of CD8 + T cells in the early phase of vitiligo skin. sSCF released by KCs through stress-enhanced MMP9-dependent proteolytic cleavage recruited mast cells into sites of inflamed skin (Perilesion vs . lesion, 13.00 ± 4.00/high-power fields [HPF] vs . 26.60 ± 5.72/HPF, P <0.05). Moreover, IFNγ-producing mast cells were also observed in mouse tail skin following challenge with Tyrp-2 180 (0 h vs . 48 h post-recall, 0/HPF vs . 3.80 ± 1.92/HPF, P <0.05). The IFNγ + mast cell and CD8 + T cell counts were lower in the skin of MrgB2 -/- mice than in those of wild-type mice (WT vs . KO 48 h post-recall, 4.20 ± 0.84/HPF vs . 0.80 ± 0.84/HPF, P <0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mast cells activated by MrgX2 serve as a local IFNγ producer that bridges between innate and adaptive immune responses against MCs in early vitiligo. Targeting MrgX2-mediated mast cell activation may represent a new strategy for treating vitiligo.</p>","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1367-1378"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory disorders that affect the cerebral small vessels.","authors":"Fei Han, Siyuan Fan, Bo Hou, Lixin Zhou, Ming Yao, Min Shen, Yicheng Zhu, Joanna M Wardlaw, Jun Ni","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003574","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This comprehensive review synthesizes the latest advancements in understanding inflammatory disorders affecting cerebral small vessels, a distinct yet understudied category within cerebral small vessel diseases (SVD). Unlike classical SVD, these inflammatory conditions exhibit unique clinical presentations, imaging patterns, and pathophysiological mechanisms, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Highlighting their heterogeneity, this review spans primary angiitis of the central nervous system, cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation, systemic vasculitis, secondary vasculitis, and vasculitis in autoinflammatory diseases. Key discussions focus on emerging insights into immune-mediated processes, neuroimaging characteristics, and histopathological distinctions. Furthermore, this review underscores the importance of standardized diagnostic frameworks, individualized immunomodulation approaches, and novel targeted therapies to address unmet clinical demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1301-1312"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroticism is associated with future disease and mortality risks.","authors":"Shuyi Huang, Yaru Zhang, Lingzhi Ma, Bangsheng Wu, Jianfeng Feng, Wei Cheng, Jintai Yu","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003503","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuroticism has been associated with numerous health outcomes. However, most research has focused on a single specific disorder and has produced controversial results, particularly regarding mortality risk. Here, we aimed to examine the association of neuroticism with morbidity and mortality and to elucidate how neuroticism affects trajectories from a healthy state, to one or more neuroticism-related disorders, and subsequent mortality risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 483,916 participants from the UK Biobank at baseline (2006-2010). Neuroticism was measured using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Three clusters were constructed, including worry, depressed affect, and sensitivity to environmental stress and adversity (SESA). Cox proportional hazards regression and multistate models were used. Linear regression was used to examine the association between neuroticism and immune parameters and neuroimaging measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High neuroticism was associated with 37 non-overlapping diseases, including increased risk of infectious, cardiometabolic, neuropsychiatric, digestive, and respiratory diseases, and decreased risk of cancer. After adjustment for sociodemographic variables, physical measures, healthy behaviors, and baseline diagnoses, moderate-to-high neuroticism was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality. In multistate models, high neuroticism was associated with an increased risk of transitions from a healthy state to a first neuroticism-related disease (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.09 [1.05-1.13], P  <0.001) and subsequent transitions to multimorbidity (1.08 [1.02-1.14], P  = 0.005), but was associated with a decreased risk of transitions from multimorbidity to death (0.90 [0.84-0.97], P for trend = 0.006). The leading neuroticism cluster showing a detrimental role in the health-illness transition was depressed affect, which correlated with higher amygdala volume and lower insula volume. The protective effect of neuroticism against mortality was mainly contributed by the SESA cluster, which, unlike the other two clusters, did not affect the balance between innate and adaptive immunity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides new insights into the differential role of neuroticism in health outcomes and into new perspectives for establishing mortality prevention programs for patients with multimorbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1355-1366"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiota targets in immune checkpoint therapy: How far are we from clinical application?","authors":"Tianhui Zou, Juan Tan, Yingxuan Chen, Jingyuan Fang","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000003668","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic analyses of immune status in the spleen and maternal-fetal interface during gestation in mice.","authors":"Kang Zhu, Yang Yang, Guihu Wang, Qing Gao, Mu Li, Jing Geng, Xuri Zhang, Xi Liu, Yane Gao, Zongfang Li","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003476","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003476","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1379-1380"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia from 1990 to 2021: Findings from Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","authors":"Shenshen Huang, Jiayong Qiu, Anyi Wang, Yuejiao Ma, Peiwen Wang, Dong Ding, Luhong Qiu, Shuangping Li, Mengyi Liu, Jiexin Zhang, Yimin Mao, Yi Yan, Xiqi Xu, Zhicheng Jing","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003559","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) presents a significant health burden in Asia and remains a critical challenge. This study aims to delineate the PAH burden in Asia from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the latest data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021, we evaluated and analyzed the distributions and patterns of PAH disease burden among various age groups, sexes, regions, and countries in Asia. Additionally, we examined the associations between PAH disease burden and key health system indicators, including the socio-demographic index (SDI) and the universal health coverage (UHC) index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, there were 25,989 new PAH cases, 103,382 existing cases, 13,909 PAH-associated deaths, and 385,755 DALYs attributed to PAH in Asia, which accounted for approximately 60% of global PAH cases. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) for prevalence and deaths were 2.05 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 1.66-2.52) per 100,000 population and 0.31 (95% UI: 0.23-0.38) per 100,000 population, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, Asia reported the lowest ASRs for PAH prevalence but the highest ASRs for deaths compared to other continents. While the ASRs for prevalence increased slightly, ASRs for mortality and DALYs decreased over time. This increasing burden of PAH was primarily driven by population growth and aging. The burden was especially pronounced among individuals aged ≥60 years and <9 years, who collectively accounted for the majority of deaths and DALYs. Moreover, higher SDI and UHC levels were linked to reduced incidence, but higher prevalence rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although progress has been made in reducing PAH-related mortality and DALYs, the disease continues to impose a substantial burden in Asia, particularly among older adults and young children. Region-specific health policies should focus on improving early diagnosis, expanding access to treatment, and effectively addressing the growing PAH burden in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1324-1333"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-derived xenograft model: Applications and challenges in liver cancer.","authors":"Shuangshuang Dou, Yunfei Huo, Minghui Gao, Quanwei Li, Buxin Kou, Mengyin Chai, Xiaoni Liu","doi":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003480","DOIUrl":"10.1097/CM9.0000000000003480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Currently, the available treatment methods cannot fully control its recurrence and mortality rate. Establishing appropriate animal models for liver cancer is crucial for developing new treatment technologies and strategies. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model preserves the tumor's microenvironment and heterogeneity, which makes it advantageous for biological research, drug evaluation, personalized medicine, and other purposes. This article reviews the development, preparation techniques, application fields, and challenges of PDX models in liver cancer, providing insights for the research and exploration of PDX models in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of liver cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":10183,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1313-1323"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}