The teacher of the future最新文献

{"title":"BIOCOMPATIBILITY AND REACTION OF DENTAL POLYMERS IN ORAL ENVIRONMENT","authors":"N. Stavreva, B. Kapusevska","doi":"10.35120/kij3104835s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij3104835s","url":null,"abstract":"Dental polymers, commonly known as “Dental Resins” were first used in dentistry in 1839, and since then they have emerged as a favorable candidate for restorative dentistry and cosmetic and functional purposes. Many prosthesis and implants made from polymers have been in use for the last three decades and there is a continuous search for more biocompatible and stronger polymer prosthetic materials. Typical applications of polymers in dentistry are impression materials, relining materials, temporary crown materials, denture base materials, obturation materials (endodontic treatment), and filling materials (composite, cements, adhesives). The dental polymers that are to be used in the oral cavity should be harmless to all oral tissues – gingiva, mucosa, pulp, and bone. Furthermore, it should contain no toxic, leachable, or diffusible substance that can be absorbed into the circulatory system, causing systemic toxic responses, including teratogenic or carcinogenic effects. The materials should also be free of agents that could elicit sensitization or an allergic response in a sensitized patient. Rarely, unintended side effects of dental polymers may occur as a result of toxic, irritative, or allergic reactions. The most widely used polymer in prosthodontics is polymethyl-methacrylate resin (PMMA), which is used for fabrication of various dental prostheses and denture liners, temporary crowns and orthodontic appliances. The aim of the current paper is to provide an overview of the current literature on toxicology of dental polymers and to give implications for possible improvements concerning their biocompatibility.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131089707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEASONALITY IN THE APPEARANCE OF INTRA HOSPITAL INFECTIONS","authors":"Emilija Chapevska","doi":"10.35120/kij31041127c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij31041127c","url":null,"abstract":"Intrahospital, clinical infections (IHI) present very significant public health problem, in our country, and worldwide. They present local or systemic infections caused by microorganisms acquired in the period of hospitalization. The infection is a result of transmission of the infective agent to the sensitive host/patient, most commonly by direct or indirect contact, at least 48 to 72 hours after hospitalization.\u0000In order to decrease the occurrence of the intrahospital infections, which at this moment are considered as the main reason for appearing of serious complications among the patients, the authorities should take preventive measures, improve the education of the medical staff, and to create unified protocols. Well organized prevention programs can decrease the occurrence of the clinical infections by ⅓, which is very important, taking into consideration the medical, economic, and ethical aspects.\u0000Aim of the paper: To confirm if there is a pattern in tgeoccurance of the intrahospital infections.\u0000Materials and methods: For fulfilling the aim, analysis of all registered infections in 10 departments in the Clinic in Shtip in the period of two years have been made. The data is taken from the department of epidemiology and microbiology of the Center of Public Health in Shtip, where all the materials for analysis were being sent. It was used the descriptive epidemiological method of work.\u0000Results: From the total number of 594 samples taken for microbiological analysis in the period of two years (2015 and 2016), 471 of the result came up negative, and in 123 samples pathogenic bacterias were found. Most of the samples for monitoring the intrahospital infections were sent by the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics -117(19,7%), Department of orthopedic diseases - 95(16%) and Department of Surgical diseases - 74(12,5), and the smallest number were sent by the hospital laboratory - 5(0,8%). According to the season of registration of the intrahospital infections, most of them, in both of the groups, were registered in July, August and September.\u0000Conclusion: Intrahospital infections are being registered through the whole year as a sporadic and endemic in the departments of the Clinic in Shtip. According to the season, most of them, in both of the groups, were registered in July, August and September.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121003350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POISONOUS SNAKES OF BULGARIA: СLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS","authors":"Olimpiada Atmazhova, Evgenia Barzashka, I. Petkova","doi":"10.35120/kij31041063a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij31041063a","url":null,"abstract":"Snakes are cold-blooded, legless reptiles of the suborder Serpentes. They belong to the order - Squamates. They conjure contradictory feelings in man: fear and honor, disgust and admiration. Snake symbol is found in almost all cultures of the world. Snake is perceived variously by different nations and different religions. In one, the snake is a symbol of the environmental forces of nature, and in others it is associated with evil and chaos. Of the 3000 species of snakes in the globe, only 400 are poisonous.\u0000The aim of the present study is to analyze the clinical course, the specific treatment and the prophylactic measures for poisonous snakes bites, the presentation of the poisonous snakes in Bulgaria and the most poisonous ones in the world. Analysis of epidemiological data in the world and in the Pleven region for the last 8 years.\u0000This study investigates clinical cases of poisonous bites in the Pleven region. Was obtained a comparative analysis of epidemiological data and methodological justification of the results.\u0000There are 18 species of snakes in Bulgaria, 4 of which are poisonous. Snakes that may pose a threat to human life are Vipera berus and the Vipera ammodytes.\u0000Definitive for snake bite is a combination of local toxic damages with general toxic effects.\u0000The bites of the Vipera berus are leading in Pleven region because of geographical peculiarities (altitude). For the period 2011 – 2018 years 63 patients with snakes bites were hospitalized. They account 1.75% of the total toxicology pathology. 52% of them are men and 48% are women. 56 % of patients were only with local symptoms, 44% were with local and general symptoms. 69% of patients were with slightly severity of the clinical course, 23% were with medium severity and 8% with high severity. Lethal cases were 0%.\u0000According to WHO data, 5 million people are exposed to bites per year. Prior to applying modern treatment methods, lethality accounts for 20-40% and in some countries up to 70%. Now, thanks to the use of anti-virus serum, the number of deaths has decreased significantly.\u0000Although there are no lethal snakes in Bulgaria, every bite is not to be underestimated due to the fact that complications for people with health problems are very severe.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123816397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ETYOLOGY OF CIRCULAR CARIES","authors":"Olga Kokoceva-Ivanovskа, Efka Zabokova-Bilbilovska, A. Mijoska","doi":"10.35120/kij3104829k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij3104829k","url":null,"abstract":"In everyday dental practice, because of the incorrect diet and the absence of oral hygiene in the earliest childhood age, we increasingly face the problem of diagnosing circular cavities in the advanced developmental phase. The aim of the research was to show whether the diseases and complications which occur during the pregnancy period of the mother, and the child’s health condition immediately after the birth, affect the appearance and predisposition of the circular caries. Our examines were children 2-3 years old, where during the standard check-ups we diagnosed starting phases of circular caries-initial lesion (white spot) and superficial form. A questionnaire prepared in advance was given to the mothers of the children diagnosed with circular caries, where we inserted the data for the period of pregnancy (pathologic pregnancy, premature birth with complications and normal pregnancy without any complications) as well as the diseases of the children during the first year of their life (bronchitis, pneumonias, infective diseases). After elaborating the data from the questionnaire, we got the number of 28.21% mothers who had pathological pregnancy and 18.80% had premature birth accompanied with complications. In the first year of the age 35.38% of the children had bronchitis, pneumonias and very often 10% infective diseases. The analysis of the results showed that the circular caries so called early childhood caries is present more often at children whose mothers had pathological pregnancy, premature born children and children who were often ill during the first year of age. These results prove that the fact that problematic pregnancy and the child’s state of health immediately after the birth are factors of predisposition to the appearance of the early childhood caries.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133676171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY OF VOICE FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH LARYNGEAL DYSFUNCTION: OBSERVATIONAL STUDY","authors":"G. Мratskova, D. Petrov","doi":"10.35120/kij3104905m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij3104905m","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Functional recovery of voice function in patients with laryngeal dysfunction is a slow and lengthy process that is associated with changes in social and economic living conditions. The serious functional damage can also lead to disorders in swallowing and respiratory function. It is believed that paresis passes into definitive if continues for more than 10-12 months due to irreversible changes in the tissues. According to literature data, spontaneous recovery in unilateral vocal cord paralysis is observed in 40% of cases. Low frequency currents with adjustable parameters are frequently used in the practice of electro diagnostics and electrical stimulation in damage of the neuromuscular system and in particular in laryngeal paresis and paralysis. In recent decades, an increase in the number of patients suffering from diseases associated with laryngeal dysfunction was noted by many authors. Interruption of nervous pulsation to laryngeal structures leads to sensory and motor disorders and development of subsequent paralysis of the muscles. Treatment depends on the cause, the severity of the symptoms and time of onset of the disease. It includes non-operative and operative treatment. Non-operative treatment is with good results and should precede surgery.\u0000Purpose: The purpose of this study is to objectify the therapeutic options of neuromuscular elektro-phonatory stimulation /NMEPS/ in patients with laryngeal dysfunction.\u0000Materials and methods: The study included 21 patients with unilateral dysfunction of n. laryngeus recurens after surgery of the thyroid gland. Patients with complete denervation were excluded from the study. Procedures are preceded by electro-diagnostic in direct laryngoscopy to establish the extent of damage of the nerve and to determin the coefficient of accommodation (ACC) and variable parameters for stimulus currents. Therapeutic session is implemented in two stages: (1) 'heating' with galvanic current, and (2) real NMEPS selective stimulation of the damaged muscle, leaving untreated antagonists or neighboring healthy muscles, accompanied by active and targeted implementation of Förster phonatoric exercises, coughing and breathing. Treatment is organized in courses for 10 days, 20 procedures per course.\u0000Results: The results before and after completion of therapeutic course by assessing changes in the coefficient of accommodation(ACC), voice quality, degree of hoarseness, coughing efficiency, presence of dysphagia are reported.\u0000After statistical processing of the obtained results a statistical dependence in relation to dysphonia before and after NMEPS therapy was established (p=0.0001), which is expressed in improvement of medium to mild dysphonia. In relation to dysphagia we found improvement from average-heavy to light form of dysphagia and absence of any symptoms of it after treatment, but there are patients with no change observed (44.4%) and statistical dependence (p=0.005) Patients with dysfunction regarding t","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"342 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114008455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VISUAL SCREENING OF SCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SAPAREVA BANYA IN SOUTHWESTERN BULGARIA","authors":"Slavena Stoykova, E. Petrova","doi":"10.35120/kij3104995s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij3104995s","url":null,"abstract":"Within 3-days-program almost 200 children and 50 adults had their vision checked by an international qualified team of eye specialists in the local school in Sapareva Banya. Visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, color perception, binocular vision, cover test, pupillary reaction and other tests were performed. Apart from the ophthalmic examination, all the patients’ parents also filled in questionnaire regarding visual strain regimen, previous eye doctor visits and other details. The aim was to promote visual health, establish and possibly treat refractive errors and amblyopia, to facilitate access to specialized medical care, optical and optometrist’s service for children’s population of remote municipalities with population under 10 000 people. The visual screening of Sapareva Banya school children was of great value because only 38% of children had been examined before. There were no major deviations, severe anisometropia and ametropia values or very low visual acuity patients not wearing optical correction. A surprisingly high incidence of color vision deficiency was found 9, 2% males and 4, 3 % females.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117160991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERSPECTIVES IN HEALTH CARE FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN CHILDREN'S AND SCHOOL HEALTH","authors":"Monika Obreykova, G. Terzieva","doi":"10.35120/kij3104985o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij3104985o","url":null,"abstract":"The nursing profession in child and school health care faces a number of health, political and economic challenges. The process of integrating children with special educational needs (SEN) into the education system started after 2002, when legislative acts, which regulating then ecessary basic prerequisites for the implementation of this process, were accepted. Integrated education for children with SEN is an education where the child, regardless of the type of disability, is included in the general educational environment. This is accomplished by building and operating a supportive environment that includes appropriate architectural and socio-living conditions, individual educational programs and prepared medical professionals. The aim of the survey is to research the nurses' opinion about factors affecting their work with children with SEN. The subject of the survey is the process of forming professional competencies for nurses and their position to improve the care of children with disabilities. The object of the survey are the views, attitudes and evaluation of the nurses to improve the communicative skills between them and the children in preschools and schools.The scope of the survey are 100 respondents: nurses from \"Children and School Health\" in city of Burgas. Approaches and methods to study the problem: a theoretical analysis of the problem in the literature; documentary research; Anonymous survey. The results of the study outline difficulties in the communication of nurses with children with disabilities - 64%. 78% of respondents stated that they would participate intraining that would lead to effective performance of their professional activities.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130027949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CBRN EVENT - DO WE NEED MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE","authors":"E. Valkanova, R. Kostadinov","doi":"10.35120/kij31041103v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij31041103v","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays the risk level for Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) events raises globally. The industrialization is leading to establishing of thousands plants, where toxic industrial materials are used into the processes or are end products. Radioactive materials are widely used into different industries, while biological and geno-modified products are found all over world. The increased use requires proper and diligent transportation and storage. If any of these processes is jeopardized a CBRN event could occur. Another grim scenario, unfortunately, present into modern world war conflicts is the use of Weapons of Mass Destruction – Iran-Iraq War, Gulf War, War in Yugoslavia, Syria etc. The aim of this study is to analyse the hospital staff awareness regarding the need of focused medical intelligence in case of CBRN event. Material and methods: By the means of descriptive and comparative methods the records from diverse CBRN events’ medical support and hospitals involvement into the process are analysed in order to highlight the significance of the promptly, adequate and timely performed medical intelligence for assuring the medical support success. Dichotomous survey among 54 medical professionals was performed in order to discover their awareness regarding medical intelligence performance in case of CBRN event.\u0000Results and discussion: Great majority of the inquired hospital staff completely ignores the medical intelligence as first step in case of CBRN event that endangers both medical staff and casualties. Conclusion: Medical Intelligence has to be taught in greatest details during medical managers’ education.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"301 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116219206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF SUNSHINE ON THE SERUM LEVELS OF VITAMIN D","authors":"Ivelina Dobreva, P. Teneva, Valya Trencheva","doi":"10.35120/kij31041081d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij31041081d","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D - anti-rheumatic vitamin - directly related to calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone formation. In recent years, it has been proven to be much more important because it also has an impact on cells of the immune system, heart, endocrine and muscle cells. Vitamin deficiency also involves mental illness such as depression and schizophrenia.\u0000For the synthesis of enough vitamin D it is necessary to have a daily, all year round direct exposure to direct sunlight for at least 20-30 minutes a day.\u0000The geographic location of Republic of Bulgaria provides the average annual sunshine duration around 2150 hours and it is about 49% of the maximum possible sunshine.\u0000However, the majority (58.33%) of the study participants had a \"deficiency\" in serum levels of vitamin D, snd there is also a large percentage of those who are less often outdoors.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122486004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SUCCESSFUL COGNITIVE AGING - COGNITIVE RESERVE AND NEUROPLASTICITY","authors":"Antonia Yaneva, K. Kilova, Teodora D. Dimcheva","doi":"10.35120/kij31041005y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij31041005y","url":null,"abstract":"As people age they tend to experience changes in cognitive function. Cognitive exercise can allow the brain to remain active and dynamic even at a later age. The promotion of successful cognitive aging is a topic of great importance and a challenge to public health considering the growth and the aging of the world population.\u0000This article discusses three concepts - the concept of successful cognitive aging, cognitive reserve and neuroplasticity, and their relationship to the overall cognitive functioning of the elderly. The concept of the cognitive reserve explains the discrepancy between the degree of brain damage and the way the individual responds. Cognitive reserve is based on current brain activity which is formed by the experiences and the activities throughout life. Cognitive reserve theory corresponds with the studies of brain plasticity in the elderly and the fact that cognitive interventions can be useful during aging. The concept of brain plasticity or neuroplasticity is the foundation of all brain exercises or games and relates to the changes in the neuronal organization that can lead to behavioral changes and the development of compensatory mechanisms in older people with cognitive dysfunction due to aging or brain pathology. The model of cognitive plasticity in elderly people proposed by Lövden argues that cognitive interventions are effective when there is a mismatch between the cognitive ability of the individual and the difficulty level of the cognitive task.\u0000According to the concepts presented in this article, successful cognitive aging can be achieved by the elderly. The brain can continue to adapt and develop new abilities throughout life. The ability of the brain to reorganize and create new roads is at the key of cognitive learning - an instrument that can be used by health professionals to complement and support the improvement of therapeutic approaches. Research has shown that systemic brain training can potentially lead to the improvement of a number of cognitive skills.","PeriodicalId":101672,"journal":{"name":"The teacher of the future","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129119733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}