Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences最新文献

{"title":"Effect of <i>Aegle marmelos</i> Extract-Phospholipid Complexes in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats.","authors":"Pooja Ganpat Swami, Dilesh Jagdish Singhavi, Rajendra Onkarappa Ganjiwale","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.02772","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.02772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Ayurvedic texts mention the use of <i>Aegle marmelos</i> fruit in colitis and other gastrointestinal ailments. The polyphenolic contents of the fruit, however, have poor bioavailability, limiting their therapeutic use. The study aimed to develop and optimise the <i>A. marmelos</i> fruit extract-phospholipid (AMEP) complex to improve the oral bioavailability of the <i>A. marmelos</i> extract (AME), and compare the <i>in vivo</i> effect of AME and AMEP in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The research work is the first of its kind to use a hydroalcoholic extract of <i>A. marmelos</i> fruit in the preparation of phospholipid complexes for ameliorating UC. The complexes were prepared using the solvent evaporation method and optimised by Box-Behnken design. The work compares the <i>in vivo</i> activity of plain AME, its phospholipid complexes, and the standard drug (mesalamine) in the alleviation of chemical-induced colitis in rats. AMEP was optimised using response surface methodology by Box-Behnken design. AMEP was characterised using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, zeta analysis, and particle size analysis. A DSS-induced rat model was used <i>in vivo</i> studies to mimic ulcerative colitis. The pathogenesis of the disease was assessed by evaluating the levels of oxidative stress markers [nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity], cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], disease activity index, colon length, and histopathology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The characterization confirmed the formation of AMEP, having a particle size of 673.6±4.30 nm, polydispersity index of 0.224±0.010, and zeta potential of -42.6 mV±0.51. The NO, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were significantly reduced (<i>p</i><0.0001, <i>p</i><0.005, <i>p</i><0.0001, <i>p</i><0.01), and the SOD level was significantly increased (<i>p</i><0.05) in AMEP-treated groups compared to the AME-treated groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggessts that AMEP has a powerful potential to reduce the levels of oxidative markers and inflammatory cytokines, making it a promising treatment for ulcerative colitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 2","pages":"119-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Investigation of Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of <i>Scabiosa pseudograminifolia</i> Hub.-Mor.","authors":"Kübra Öğüt, Gülmira Özek, Nilgün Öztürk, Mehmet Tekin, Temel Özek","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.12247","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.12247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate the phytochemical composition, including essential oils, fatty acids, and phenolic constituents, and to evaluate the antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities of <i>Scabiosa pseudograminifolia</i> Hub.-Mor. (Caprifoliaceae), an endemic species growing in Sivas province of Türkiye. The plant materials were processed to obtain essential oils, and <i>n</i>-hexane, methanol, and aqueous extracts for chemical and biological evaluations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation. Extracts were prepared using <i>n</i>-hexane, methanol, and water through maceration. The chemical compositions of the essential oil and fatty acids were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry and GC-flame ionization detector (FID). Phenolic compounds were identified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity [DPPH, Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), β-carotene bleaching, and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity assays], and α-amylase inhibitory activity were all evaluated using spectrophotometric methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hexadecanoic acid (30.2%) and linalool (15.6%) were the main volatile compounds in the essential oil of <i>S. pseudograminifolia</i>. <i>(Z)</i>-3-Hexenal was the dominant leaf and flower volatile. The primary fatty acids were nonadecanoic and hexadecanoic acids. The aqueous extract exhibited the highest total phenolic (0.52±0.01 mg gallic acid equivalent/_gextract) and flavonoid (0.081±0.002 mg quercetin equivalent/_gextract) contents. Among the tested samples, the essential oil showed the strongest TEAC value (2.39±0.15 mM), while the aqueous extract demonstrated potent antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC₅₅: 0.16±0.04 mg/mL) and β-carotene bleaching assays (inhibitory concentration₅₅: 0.730±0.001 mg/mL). The α-amylase inhibition levels of the extracts were found to be relatively low. Chlorogenic acid was the predominant phenolic compound.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents the first phytochemical and biological investigation of <i>S. pseudograminifolia</i> Hub.-Mor., an endemic species from Türkiye. Essential oil analysis revealed hexadecanoic acid and linalool as major constituents, while nonadecanoic and hexadecanoic acids were predominant among the fatty acids. The methanol extract showed strong antioxidant activity, and chlorogenic acid was identified as a key phenolic compound. These findings support the potential of this species as a valuable source of natural antioxidants.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 2","pages":"104-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating a Pharmacovigilance and Response Unit Team for a Better Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting and Management: Insights from a Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Vinodkumar Mugada, Satya Sai Srinivas Allada, Chaitanya Rvs Koppala, Srinivasa Rao Yarguntla","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.44902","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.44902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The multidisciplinary team approach improves adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting and management. Our study aims to integrate a pharmacovigilance (PV) and Response Team within the general medicine department to improve ADR reporting and management.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study for seven months in four general medicine wards. We proposed a PV and response unit team (PRUT), comprising a nursing student, and a Doctor of Pharmacy (intern). After the team received interventional educational training, we integrated them with the physician and head nurse of each general medicine inpatient ward. We then evaluated the effectiveness of the team in ADR reporting and management using a feedback survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, comorbidities (30.69%) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs) (26.25%) were major predisposing factors. Among drug-related problems in 125 patients, inappropriate drug use (28.80%) and unclear dose timing (21.60%) were predominant. Gastrointestinal disorders were common (44.73%), with dose adjustment being the top management strategy (36.84%). Over 71% supported the PRUT for improving patient safety and reducing medication errors, noting high effectiveness in consultation (85.92%) and in reducing the ADR reporting burden (87.32%). There is a statistically significant association between the level of agreement on the effectiveness of PRUT among healthcare professionals (p<0.01). Most healthcare professionals agreed on PRUT's effectiveness without any reports of low agreement levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The PRUT effectively reported and managed ADRs. A multidisciplinary approach improves ADR reporting and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 2","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose from <i>Sansevieria trifasciata</i> as an Alternative Raw Material for Capsule Shell.","authors":"Azimatur Rahmi, Bella Vista Olvia, Iza Ayu Saufani","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.40070","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.40070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Capsules are pharmaceutical preparations that are enclosed in hard or soft capsule shells made of gelatin. Because gelatin is typically generated from non-halal materials, there is a need for alternative raw materials for making capsule shells, one of which is carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), which is synthesized from cellulose.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study aims to find alternative raw materials for the manufacture of capsule shells from cellulose-containing <i>Sansevieria trifasciata</i> leaves. Then, the isolated cellulose was treated with sodium Na-CMC using the alkalization and carboxymethylation methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cellulose that was produced fulfills the requirements for continuing the synthesis of Na-CMC. The yield of Na-CMC produced was 83.83%, with a pH of 6; dispersed in water and insoluble in ethanol and ether; a degree of substitution of 0.83; and a water content of 12%. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy study results show the presence of functional groups such as O-H at 3332 cm^-1, C-H at 2930 cm^-1, C=C at 2050 cm^-1, O-Na at 1588.82 cm^-1, and C-O at 1020.16 cm^-1. The resulting capsule shell has the following properties: transparency, a slightly cream color, a somewhat firm texture, no odor, and a moisture content of 20%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As a result, it is possible to establish that Na-CMC from the <i>S. trifasciata</i> leaves can be used as a raw material for capsule shells.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 2","pages":"77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and Optimization of Pyrazinamide-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles by Employing a Design of Experiments Approach.","authors":"Nimitt Chokshi, Preksha Vinchhi, Shreyansh Chauhan, Mayur Patel","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.66350","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.66350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major worldwide health challenge causing morbidity and mortality, necessitating novel approaches for its effective therapy. Pyrazinamide (PYZ), a nicotinamide analogue, is a key frontline drug significantly involved in the treatment of TB. However, its dose-dependent hepatotoxicity is a major concern that needs to be addressed. The aim of the current research was to develop PYZ-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PYZ-SLNs) as a potential therapeutic intervention for treating TB.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The PYZ-SLNs were formulated by a high-pressure homogenization technique and optimized using a 23-factorial design. The drug concentration, emulsifier concentration, and homogenization cycles were considered critical formulation and processing parameters to study their effects on essential attributes of quality of PYZ-SLNs, i.e., entrapment efficiency (EE%), drug loading (DL%), and particle size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized PYZ-SLNs showed a particle size of 401±08 nm, EE% of 86.24±1.15, DL% of 14.38±0.85. The <i>in vitro</i> lipolysis studies revealed that PYZ-SLNs exhibited an anti-lipolytic effect due to stabilization by poloxamer 188. Moreover, the <i>in vitro</i> gastrointestinal (GI) stability results demonstrated that the PYZ-SLNs were stable in GI tract media (at pH 1.2, pH 4.5, pH 6.8, and pH 7.4). The <i>in vitro</i> drug release studies showed the best fit with the Hixon-Crowell model. The accelerated stability studies revealed no significant changes in PYZ-SLNs for 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PYZ-SLNs could be a promising carrier for the treatment of TB via the oral intestinal lymphatic pathway, circumventing its hepatic first-pass metabolism and thereby preventing hepatic adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 2","pages":"91-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude of Iraqi Pharmacists Regarding the Adverse Effects of NSAIDs Based on Years of Experience.","authors":"Hala Fouad Kasim, Amina İbrahim Salih, Hayder Al Hamdany","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.92185","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.92185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Informing patients about the adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is essential to ensure their safe use. The aim of this study was to determine whether the years of experience of Iraqi pharmacists affect their knowledge of the renal and gastrointestinal adverse effects of NSAIDs, and their attitudes toward informing patients about drug safety.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An online cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and October 2023. A convenience sample of Iraqi pharmacists working in hospitals and/or community pharmacies answered a validated questions about demographics, knowledge, and attitudes regarding the adverse effects of NSAIDs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 309 Iraqi pharmacists who participated, 46% had less than four years of experience. Eighty-five percent had good knowledge of the adverse effects of NSAIDs. Specifically, 83% of participants with good knowledge and ≥4 years of experience were younger than 35 years (<i>p</i>=0.008). Among participants with good knowledge and <4 years of experience, 93% had a bachelor's degree (<i>p</i>=0.008), and 57% worked from six to more than ten hours per day (<i>p</i>=0.045). The dispensing patterns of NSAIDs showed a highly significant association (<i>p</i><0.001) with participant knowledge regardless of years of experience. Negative attitudes were reported more frequently among pharmacists with fewer years of experience than those with longer years of experience (73% vs. 71%, respectively; <i>p</i>>0.05). Sixty percent of the participants agreed that education about adverse drug reactions (ADRs) increases anxiety and medication nonadherence. Seventy-eight percent agreed that pharmacists and physicians could improve patients' knowledge of ADRs. Pharmacists believed that leaflets reduce patients' medication adherence (57%) but help patients improve their medication knowledge (51%; <i>p</i><0.05) and monitor and report ADRs (56%; <i>p</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite years of experience, good knowledge and negative attitudes were found regarding safety information for NSAIDs. Pharmacists and physicians play an important role in ensuring appropriate drug use. Leaflets serve as a source of information, but they can also lead to medication nonadherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Study on the Development of Orodispersible Film Containing Desloratadine.","authors":"Özden Çakmakyapan, Fatma Nur Tuğcu Demiröz, Zeynep Şafak Teksin","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.46116","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.46116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Orodispersible films (ODFs) are new-generation dosage forms that increase patient compliance, providing ease of drug administration in many patient groups, such as pediatric, geriatric, and patients with physiological and psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to conduct preliminary studies to develop ODF containing the poorly water-soluble and oxidation-sensitive drug desloratadine (DL).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, the formulation and process parameters, as well as the characterization method were investigated using 20 film formulations manufactured by the solvent casting method. The films were characterized in terms of their appearance, mechanical properties, thickness, disintegration time, and content uniformity. Various strategies have been applied to increase the chemical stability of DL in the formulations and, therefore to choose suitable antioxidants, and morphological and compatibility studies using differential scanning calorimetry were performed. For increasing drug loading, different film compositions were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the preliminary formulations tested with a casting height of 400 μm, homogeneous, good mechanical properties with tensile strength values between 6.21-10.34 MPa, flexibility, and ODFs with a disintegration time of less than 60s ODFs were developed. By increasing the solubility of DL in the formulation with the selected components, the drug loading capacity was increased to 3% by the desired level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>One of the enabling formulations, F20, was particle-free with a suitable thickness uniformity (relative standard deviation =4.6%) and content uniformity (acceptance values =5) films were developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Effects of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratios in Human SH-SY5Y Cells by <i>in vitro</i> Methods.","authors":"Mualla Pınar Elçi, Tuğba Fatsa, Sema Ören, Ece Miser Salihoğlu, Sevgi Akaydın","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.40583","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.40583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Neuroblastoma, an embryonic tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, is the deadliest type of cancer, accounting for 6-9% of all childhood cancers. The omega (ω)-6 [linoleic acid (LA)]: ω-3 [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)]=13/1 ratio is associated with the presence of chronic disease, and it has been reported that reducing this ratio to 7/1 protects against cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of different ratios of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids in human neuroblastoma cells (SHSY-5Y).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>SHSY-5Y cells were treated with different ratios of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids for 48 and 72 h. The viability of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acid-treated cells was measured using the methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide. The percentage of cell apoptosis was detected using the Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-conjugated Annexin-V/PI assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis was performed using flow cytometry. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and <i>transforming growth factor beta</i> 1 (TGFβ1) genes were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EPA and LA separately significantly inhibited the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells within 48 h (p<0.001). It was found that apoptosis decreased significantly in all groups due to the application of polyunsaturated fatty acids at different ratios, and the most effective dose was ω-3:ω-6 ratio: 1/1. ROS levels were significantly decreased compared with the control group and the lowest ROS level was observed in the ω-3:ω-6 ratio: 1/4 group. Both TNF-α, IL-6, and TGFβ1 mRNA expressions increased significantly after the addition of fatty acid mixtures compared with the control; they were observed to decrease with an increasing ω-6 ratio.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to examine the effects of the ω-3:ω-6 ratio on neuroblastoma cancer cells. The application of ω fatty acids decreased apoptosis at all ratios. In contrast, when the ω-3: ω-6 ratio increased, the amount of ROS. Additionally, as the ω-3:ω-6 ratio increases, a decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines is noted.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"10-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and Characterization of Etoricoxib Suppositories for the Management of Hemorrhoids.","authors":"Bhavna Sonule, Yogesh Khairnar, Nikhil Mehetre, Suraj Kumar, Lalit Kumar","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.83583","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.83583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to formulate and evaluate etoricoxib suppositories to improve patient compliance and drug efficacy in the management of hemorrhoids.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Suppositories were prepared using glycerin and gelatin. The prepared suppositories were evaluated for content uniformity, homogenization, hardness, weight variation, disintegration time, texture analysis, and <i>in vitro</i> drug release.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hardness, weight variation, disintegration time, and content uniformity values were found in the range of 4.00±0.50 to 7.50±0.50 kg/cm³, 1.20±0.03 to 1.31±0.01 g, 11.00 to 19.05 min, and 66.98±0.86 to 80.76±3.60%, respectively. The SB3 gave 91.47±17.74% drug release in 6 h, whereas the SB1 gave 99.08±3.40% drug release in 12 h. Drug release from all formulations of suppositories was supported by zero-order, first-order, and Higuchi plots, except for SB4. The mechanism of drug release from all suppositories was fickian diffusion-based. The SB2 results were found to be more appropriate than those of the other batches.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results confirm that the prepared formulation has a future scope and should be further explored in <i>in vitro</i> cell lines and animal studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Green Microwave-Assisted Extraction of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Extract and Its Cytotoxic Activity Against Cancer Cells.","authors":"Wiwit Suttithumsatid, Wanida Sukketsiri, Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.33490","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.33490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to explore the use of D-limonene and some vegetable oils with different amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids as alternative green solvents for microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of cannabis (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.). A standardized cannabis extract was selected to evaluate its potential as a chemopreventive agent.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Alternative green solvents, powder-to-solvent ratios, and irradiation cycles were determined to optimize the MAE conditions. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to assess the cytotoxic effects against human breast cancer (MCF-7), liver cancer (HepG2), and mammary epithelium (hTert-HME1) cell lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The extracts obtained from D-limonene and palm oil contained the highest concentrations of cannabidiol (CBD) and D-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). A standardized D-limonene extract of cannabis (DEC) containing 0.03% <i>w/w</i> CBD and 1.37% <i>w/w</i> THC was selected for the evaluation of cytotoxic activity compared with CBD and THC. The results revealed that CBD and THC exhibited significant cytotoxic effects (<i>p</i><0.05) against MCF-7 and HepG2, with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 18.5 and 12.37 μg/mL for CBD and 24.21 and 4.30 μg/mL for THC, respectively, whereas DEC exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 (IC₅₀ of 488.85 μg/mL). However, CBD and THC exhibited significant cytotoxicity (<i>p</i><0.05) against hTert-HME1 (IC₅₀ values of 35.61 and 25.63 μg/mL, respectively), whereas DEC exhibited low cytotoxicity against hTert-HME1 (IC₅₀ of 1.537.03 μg/mL).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DECs containing appropriate levels of THC and CBD have the potential to be candidates for cancer treatment. However, further investigations are required to improve the efficacy and safety profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}