Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences最新文献

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Development and Characterization of Mucoadhesive Films Containing Metronidazole for Vaginal Drug Delivery. 阴道给药用甲硝唑黏附膜的研制与表征。
Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.48380
Sinem Saar, Fatmanur Tuğcu Demiröz
{"title":"Development and Characterization of Mucoadhesive Films Containing Metronidazole for Vaginal Drug Delivery.","authors":"Sinem Saar, Fatmanur Tuğcu Demiröz","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.48380","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.48380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common disease in women of reproductive age. Metronidazole (MET) is an antibiotic used to treat BV <i>via</i> the oral or vaginal route. Vaginal films are dosage forms that combine the properties of solid and gel formulations and increase patient compliance. This study aims to develop and characterize vaginal film formulations containing MET for the treatment of BV.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Film formulations were prepared using the solvent casting method with poly(vinyl alcohol), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K100M, and mixtures of these polymers. Polyethylene glycol 400 was added to the formulations as a plasticizer. The moisture content, average thickness, and weight of the film formulations were examined. Also, the mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) and <i>ex vivo</i> mucoadhesion properties of the films were determined with vaginal tissue. The release of MET from the films was investigated using Franz diffusion cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The moisture content of the formulations was found to be less than 10%. It was observed that tensile strength and elongation at break values decreased when MET was loaded onto the films. Mucoadhesion values decreased with MET loading and the work of mucoadhesion values was found to be 0.070±0.053, 0.067±0.039, and 0.150±0.061 for F4, F5, and F6, respectively. The release of MET was found to be 92.7%, 65.5%, and 87.6% for F4, F5, and F6, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mucoadhesive films can be used as an alternative dosage form for vaginal delivery of MET in the treatment of BV.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 2","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pre-Formulation Studies of Lipid-Based Formulation Approach for a Poorly Water-Soluble Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class II Model Drug: Bosentan. 一种低水溶性生物制药分类系统II类模型药物:波生坦的脂基配方方法的预配方研究。
Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.48840
Duygu Yılmaz Usta, Zeynep Şafak Teksin
{"title":"Pre-Formulation Studies of Lipid-Based Formulation Approach for a Poorly Water-Soluble Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class II Model Drug: Bosentan.","authors":"Duygu Yılmaz Usta, Zeynep Şafak Teksin","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.48840","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.48840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to perform pre-formulation studies, formulation development, and formulation optimization for self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS), a lipid-based formulation approach to improve the low solubility of bosentan monohydrate (BOS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were created for pre-formulation studies and formulation design for SNEDDS. The SNEDDS was optimized with BBD. The optimized BOS-loaded SNEDDS formulation was characterized by droplet size (DS), polydispersity index (PDI), dispersibility, an efficiency test of self-nanoemulsification, % transmittance, turbidity, robustness, and the effects of pH, viscosity, and thermodynamic and long-term stability studies. The <i>in vitro</i> dissolution studies were performed in distilled water containing 1% sodium lauryl sulfate, which is a Food and Drug Administration-recommended medium, and in biorelevant media. <i>Ex vivo</i> studies were conducted in biorelevant media.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimum BOS-loaded SNEDDS had a DS of 16.76 nm and PDI of 0.200. The characterization studies satisfied SNEDDS requirements (does not deteriorate when diluted at different pHs; resistant to thermodynamic changes; self-emulsifying within 1 minute; Grade A; and transparent) for both blank and BOS-loaded SNEDDS. In long-term stability studies, it was found to be stable for six months. When <i>in vitro</i> dissolution was compared to the performance of the commercial product (Tracleer<sup>®</sup>), the BOS-loaded SNEDDS showed 2.88, 7.63, 3.83, and 4.23 increases in the percentages of cumulative dissolution in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF), fed state simulated intestinal fluid (FeSSIF), FaSSIF-V2, and FeSSIF-V2, respectively. The <i>ex vivo</i> permeation study showed 12.2-, 19.1-, 20.3-, and 13.1-fold increases in drug permeation in FaSSIF, FeSSIF, FaSSIF-V2, and FeSSIF-V2 for the SNEDDS formulation, as compared to the commercial product, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-formulation and formulation studies were carried out successfully, and lipid-based optimum BOS-loaded SNEDDS were obtained. The present study confirms the potential of optimum BOS-loaded SNEDDS, which was found to be stable over the long term, to increase the drug's solubility, <i>in vitro</i> dissolution, and <i>ex vivo</i> permeability. This formulation approach has been promising for further <i>in vivo</i> studies, to improve the oral bioavailability of BOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 2","pages":"140-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Sub-Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Daptomycin and Linezolid on Biofilm Formation of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples. 达托霉素和利奈唑胺亚最低抑菌浓度对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成的影响。
Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.26723
Halil Bal, Nurten Altanlar, Sulhiye Yıldız
{"title":"The Effect of Sub-Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Daptomycin and Linezolid on Biofilm Formation of Methicillin Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Clinical Samples.","authors":"Halil Bal, Nurten Altanlar, Sulhiye Yıldız","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.26723","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.26723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine the development of <i>in vitro</i> resistance and changes in biofilm forming abilities in methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) isolates exposed to sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of daptomycin and linezolid; and to investigate the presence of the methicillin resistance gene (<i>mecA</i>) and the biofilm-associated genes (<i>icaA, icaD</i>) by polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was carried out with thirty-two MRSA isolates. The susceptibility of the isolates to daptomycin and linezolid was investigated by the broth microdilution method, and MIC values were determined (1<sup>st</sup> MIC). After serial passages, the 2<sup>nd</sup> MIC and the 3<sup>rd</sup> MIC values were similarly detected. Before and after serial passages, the biofilm-forming abilities of MRSA isolates were examined using the microtiter plate (MTP) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When the daptomycin and linezolid 1<sup>st</sup> MIC and 3<sup>rd</sup> MIC values of the isolates were compared, there was a 2-8 fold increase in linezolid (<i>p</i><0.05) and a 4-32 fold increase in daptomycin (<i>p</i><0.05). According to the MTP method, 20 (62.5%) of the 32 isolates formed biofilm at various levels, while 12 (37.5%) did not form biofilm. After the second series of passages, biofilm formation was observed in 19 (59.4%) isolates with daptomycin (p>0.05) and in 16 (50%) isolates with linezolid (p>0.05). The <i>mecA</i> gene was found in all isolates. Also, <i>icaA</i> and <i>icaD</i> genes were detected in 31 (96.9%) of 32 MRSA isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MRSA isolates exposed to sub-MICs of the antibiotics daptomycin and linezolid were observed to form biofilms at varying levels or to lose their ability to form biofilms. The induction, reduction or eradication of biofilm depended on the type of antibiotic and the MRSA isolate.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 2","pages":"131-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Aegle marmelos Extract-Phospholipid Complexes in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats. 蜜瓜凝胶提取物-磷脂复合物对硫酸葡聚糖钠诱导大鼠溃疡性结肠炎的影响。
Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.02772
Pooja Ganpat Swami, Dilesh Jagdish Singhavi, Rajendra Onkarappa Ganjiwale
{"title":"Effect of <i>Aegle marmelos</i> Extract-Phospholipid Complexes in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats.","authors":"Pooja Ganpat Swami, Dilesh Jagdish Singhavi, Rajendra Onkarappa Ganjiwale","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.02772","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.02772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Ayurvedic texts mention the use of <i>Aegle marmelos</i> fruit in colitis and other gastrointestinal ailments. The polyphenolic contents of the fruit, however, have poor bioavailability, limiting their therapeutic use. The study aimed to develop and optimise the <i>A. marmelos</i> fruit extract-phospholipid (AMEP) complex to improve the oral bioavailability of the <i>A. marmelos</i> extract (AME), and compare the <i>in vivo</i> effect of AME and AMEP in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The research work is the first of its kind to use a hydroalcoholic extract of <i>A. marmelos</i> fruit in the preparation of phospholipid complexes for ameliorating UC. The complexes were prepared using the solvent evaporation method and optimised by Box-Behnken design. The work compares the <i>in vivo</i> activity of plain AME, its phospholipid complexes, and the standard drug (mesalamine) in the alleviation of chemical-induced colitis in rats. AMEP was optimised using response surface methodology by Box-Behnken design. AMEP was characterised using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, zeta analysis, and particle size analysis. A DSS-induced rat model was used <i>in vivo</i> studies to mimic ulcerative colitis. The pathogenesis of the disease was assessed by evaluating the levels of oxidative stress markers [nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity], cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], disease activity index, colon length, and histopathology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The characterization confirmed the formation of AMEP, having a particle size of 673.6±4.30 nm, polydispersity index of 0.224±0.010, and zeta potential of -42.6 mV±0.51. The NO, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were significantly reduced (<i>p</i><0.0001, <i>p</i><0.005, <i>p</i><0.0001, <i>p</i><0.01), and the SOD level was significantly increased (<i>p</i><0.05) in AMEP-treated groups compared to the AME-treated groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggessts that AMEP has a powerful potential to reduce the levels of oxidative markers and inflammatory cytokines, making it a promising treatment for ulcerative colitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 2","pages":"119-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comprehensive Investigation of Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Scabiosa pseudograminifolia Hub.-Mor. 伪谷草卡皮沙植物化学成分及生物活性的综合研究
Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.12247
Kübra Öğüt, Gülmira Özek, Nilgün Öztürk, Mehmet Tekin, Temel Özek
{"title":"Comprehensive Investigation of Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of <i>Scabiosa pseudograminifolia</i> Hub.-Mor.","authors":"Kübra Öğüt, Gülmira Özek, Nilgün Öztürk, Mehmet Tekin, Temel Özek","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.12247","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.12247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate the phytochemical composition, including essential oils, fatty acids, and phenolic constituents, and to evaluate the antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities of <i>Scabiosa pseudograminifolia</i> Hub.-Mor. (Caprifoliaceae), an endemic species growing in Sivas province of Türkiye. The plant materials were processed to obtain essential oils, and <i>n</i>-hexane, methanol, and aqueous extracts for chemical and biological evaluations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation. Extracts were prepared using <i>n</i>-hexane, methanol, and water through maceration. The chemical compositions of the essential oil and fatty acids were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry and GC-flame ionization detector (FID). Phenolic compounds were identified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity [DPPH, Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), β-carotene bleaching, and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity assays], and α-amylase inhibitory activity were all evaluated using spectrophotometric methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hexadecanoic acid (30.2%) and linalool (15.6%) were the main volatile compounds in the essential oil of <i>S. pseudograminifolia</i>. <i>(Z)</i>-3-Hexenal was the dominant leaf and flower volatile. The primary fatty acids were nonadecanoic and hexadecanoic acids. The aqueous extract exhibited the highest total phenolic (0.52±0.01 mg gallic acid equivalent/<sub>gextract</sub>) and flavonoid (0.081±0.002 mg quercetin equivalent/<sub>gextract</sub>) contents. Among the tested samples, the essential oil showed the strongest TEAC value (2.39±0.15 mM), while the aqueous extract demonstrated potent antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC<sub>55</sub>: 0.16±0.04 mg/mL) and β-carotene bleaching assays (inhibitory concentration<sub>55</sub>: 0.730±0.001 mg/mL). The α-amylase inhibition levels of the extracts were found to be relatively low. Chlorogenic acid was the predominant phenolic compound.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents the first phytochemical and biological investigation of <i>S. pseudograminifolia</i> Hub.-Mor., an endemic species from Türkiye. Essential oil analysis revealed hexadecanoic acid and linalool as major constituents, while nonadecanoic and hexadecanoic acids were predominant among the fatty acids. The methanol extract showed strong antioxidant activity, and chlorogenic acid was identified as a key phenolic compound. These findings support the potential of this species as a valuable source of natural antioxidants.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 2","pages":"104-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Integrating a Pharmacovigilance and Response Unit Team for a Better Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting and Management: Insights from a Prospective Cross-Sectional Study. 整合药物警戒和反应小组以更好地报告和管理药物不良反应:来自前瞻性横断面研究的见解。
Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.44902
Vinodkumar Mugada, Satya Sai Srinivas Allada, Chaitanya Rvs Koppala, Srinivasa Rao Yarguntla
{"title":"Integrating a Pharmacovigilance and Response Unit Team for a Better Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting and Management: Insights from a Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Vinodkumar Mugada, Satya Sai Srinivas Allada, Chaitanya Rvs Koppala, Srinivasa Rao Yarguntla","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.44902","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.44902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The multidisciplinary team approach improves adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting and management. Our study aims to integrate a pharmacovigilance (PV) and Response Team within the general medicine department to improve ADR reporting and management.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study for seven months in four general medicine wards. We proposed a PV and response unit team (PRUT), comprising a nursing student, and a Doctor of Pharmacy (intern). After the team received interventional educational training, we integrated them with the physician and head nurse of each general medicine inpatient ward. We then evaluated the effectiveness of the team in ADR reporting and management using a feedback survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, comorbidities (30.69%) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs) (26.25%) were major predisposing factors. Among drug-related problems in 125 patients, inappropriate drug use (28.80%) and unclear dose timing (21.60%) were predominant. Gastrointestinal disorders were common (44.73%), with dose adjustment being the top management strategy (36.84%). Over 71% supported the PRUT for improving patient safety and reducing medication errors, noting high effectiveness in consultation (85.92%) and in reducing the ADR reporting burden (87.32%). There is a statistically significant association between the level of agreement on the effectiveness of PRUT among healthcare professionals (p<0.01). Most healthcare professionals agreed on PRUT's effectiveness without any reports of low agreement levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The PRUT effectively reported and managed ADRs. A multidisciplinary approach improves ADR reporting and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 2","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose from Sansevieria trifasciata as an Alternative Raw Material for Capsule Shell. 作为胶囊壳替代原料的三叶草羧甲基纤维素钠的合成与表征。
Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.40070
Azimatur Rahmi, Bella Vista Olvia, Iza Ayu Saufani
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose from <i>Sansevieria trifasciata</i> as an Alternative Raw Material for Capsule Shell.","authors":"Azimatur Rahmi, Bella Vista Olvia, Iza Ayu Saufani","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.40070","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.40070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Capsules are pharmaceutical preparations that are enclosed in hard or soft capsule shells made of gelatin. Because gelatin is typically generated from non-halal materials, there is a need for alternative raw materials for making capsule shells, one of which is carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), which is synthesized from cellulose.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study aims to find alternative raw materials for the manufacture of capsule shells from cellulose-containing <i>Sansevieria trifasciata</i> leaves. Then, the isolated cellulose was treated with sodium Na-CMC using the alkalization and carboxymethylation methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cellulose that was produced fulfills the requirements for continuing the synthesis of Na-CMC. The yield of Na-CMC produced was 83.83%, with a pH of 6; dispersed in water and insoluble in ethanol and ether; a degree of substitution of 0.83; and a water content of 12%. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy study results show the presence of functional groups such as O-H at 3332 cm<sup>-1</sup>, C-H at 2930 cm<sup>-1</sup>, C=C at 2050 cm<sup>-1</sup>, O-Na at 1588.82 cm<sup>-1</sup>, and C-O at 1020.16 cm<sup>-1</sup>. The resulting capsule shell has the following properties: transparency, a slightly cream color, a somewhat firm texture, no odor, and a moisture content of 20%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As a result, it is possible to establish that Na-CMC from the <i>S. trifasciata</i> leaves can be used as a raw material for capsule shells.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 2","pages":"77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Formulation and Optimization of Pyrazinamide-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles by Employing a Design of Experiments Approach. 负载吡嗪酰胺的固体脂质纳米颗粒的制备与优化。
Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.66350
Nimitt Chokshi, Preksha Vinchhi, Shreyansh Chauhan, Mayur Patel
{"title":"Formulation and Optimization of Pyrazinamide-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles by Employing a Design of Experiments Approach.","authors":"Nimitt Chokshi, Preksha Vinchhi, Shreyansh Chauhan, Mayur Patel","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.66350","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.66350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major worldwide health challenge causing morbidity and mortality, necessitating novel approaches for its effective therapy. Pyrazinamide (PYZ), a nicotinamide analogue, is a key frontline drug significantly involved in the treatment of TB. However, its dose-dependent hepatotoxicity is a major concern that needs to be addressed. The aim of the current research was to develop PYZ-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PYZ-SLNs) as a potential therapeutic intervention for treating TB.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The PYZ-SLNs were formulated by a high-pressure homogenization technique and optimized using a 23-factorial design. The drug concentration, emulsifier concentration, and homogenization cycles were considered critical formulation and processing parameters to study their effects on essential attributes of quality of PYZ-SLNs, i.e., entrapment efficiency (EE%), drug loading (DL%), and particle size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized PYZ-SLNs showed a particle size of 401±08 nm, EE% of 86.24±1.15, DL% of 14.38±0.85. The <i>in vitro</i> lipolysis studies revealed that PYZ-SLNs exhibited an anti-lipolytic effect due to stabilization by poloxamer 188. Moreover, the <i>in vitro</i> gastrointestinal (GI) stability results demonstrated that the PYZ-SLNs were stable in GI tract media (at pH 1.2, pH 4.5, pH 6.8, and pH 7.4). The <i>in vitro</i> drug release studies showed the best fit with the Hixon-Crowell model. The accelerated stability studies revealed no significant changes in PYZ-SLNs for 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PYZ-SLNs could be a promising carrier for the treatment of TB via the oral intestinal lymphatic pathway, circumventing its hepatic first-pass metabolism and thereby preventing hepatic adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 2","pages":"91-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Knowledge and Attitude of Iraqi Pharmacists Regarding the Adverse Effects of NSAIDs Based on Years of Experience. 基于多年经验的伊拉克药师对非甾体抗炎药不良反应的认识与态度
Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.92185
Hala Fouad Kasim, Amina İbrahim Salih, Hayder Al Hamdany
{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude of Iraqi Pharmacists Regarding the Adverse Effects of NSAIDs Based on Years of Experience.","authors":"Hala Fouad Kasim, Amina İbrahim Salih, Hayder Al Hamdany","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.92185","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.92185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Informing patients about the adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is essential to ensure their safe use. The aim of this study was to determine whether the years of experience of Iraqi pharmacists affect their knowledge of the renal and gastrointestinal adverse effects of NSAIDs, and their attitudes toward informing patients about drug safety.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An online cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and October 2023. A convenience sample of Iraqi pharmacists working in hospitals and/or community pharmacies answered a validated questions about demographics, knowledge, and attitudes regarding the adverse effects of NSAIDs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 309 Iraqi pharmacists who participated, 46% had less than four years of experience. Eighty-five percent had good knowledge of the adverse effects of NSAIDs. Specifically, 83% of participants with good knowledge and ≥4 years of experience were younger than 35 years (<i>p</i>=0.008). Among participants with good knowledge and <4 years of experience, 93% had a bachelor's degree (<i>p</i>=0.008), and 57% worked from six to more than ten hours per day (<i>p</i>=0.045). The dispensing patterns of NSAIDs showed a highly significant association (<i>p</i><0.001) with participant knowledge regardless of years of experience. Negative attitudes were reported more frequently among pharmacists with fewer years of experience than those with longer years of experience (73% vs. 71%, respectively; <i>p</i>>0.05). Sixty percent of the participants agreed that education about adverse drug reactions (ADRs) increases anxiety and medication nonadherence. Seventy-eight percent agreed that pharmacists and physicians could improve patients' knowledge of ADRs. Pharmacists believed that leaflets reduce patients' medication adherence (57%) but help patients improve their medication knowledge (51%; <i>p</i><0.05) and monitor and report ADRs (56%; <i>p</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite years of experience, good knowledge and negative attitudes were found regarding safety information for NSAIDs. Pharmacists and physicians play an important role in ensuring appropriate drug use. Leaflets serve as a source of information, but they can also lead to medication nonadherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preliminary Study on the Development of Orodispersible Film Containing Desloratadine. 地氯雷他定光分散膜的研制初探。
Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.46116
Özden Çakmakyapan, Fatma Nur Tuğcu Demiröz, Zeynep Şafak Teksin
{"title":"Preliminary Study on the Development of Orodispersible Film Containing Desloratadine.","authors":"Özden Çakmakyapan, Fatma Nur Tuğcu Demiröz, Zeynep Şafak Teksin","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.46116","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.46116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Orodispersible films (ODFs) are new-generation dosage forms that increase patient compliance, providing ease of drug administration in many patient groups, such as pediatric, geriatric, and patients with physiological and psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to conduct preliminary studies to develop ODF containing the poorly water-soluble and oxidation-sensitive drug desloratadine (DL).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, the formulation and process parameters, as well as the characterization method were investigated using 20 film formulations manufactured by the solvent casting method. The films were characterized in terms of their appearance, mechanical properties, thickness, disintegration time, and content uniformity. Various strategies have been applied to increase the chemical stability of DL in the formulations and, therefore to choose suitable antioxidants, and morphological and compatibility studies using differential scanning calorimetry were performed. For increasing drug loading, different film compositions were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the preliminary formulations tested with a casting height of 400 μm, homogeneous, good mechanical properties with tensile strength values between 6.21-10.34 MPa, flexibility, and ODFs with a disintegration time of less than 60s ODFs were developed. By increasing the solubility of DL in the formulation with the selected components, the drug loading capacity was increased to 3% by the desired level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>One of the enabling formulations, F20, was particle-free with a suitable thickness uniformity (relative standard deviation =4.6%) and content uniformity (acceptance values =5) films were developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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