Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude of Iraqi Pharmacists Regarding the Adverse Effects of NSAIDs Based on Years of Experience.","authors":"Hala Fouad Kasim, Amina İbrahim Salih, Hayder Al Hamdany","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.92185","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.92185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Informing patients about the adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is essential to ensure their safe use. The aim of this study was to determine whether the years of experience of Iraqi pharmacists affect their knowledge of the renal and gastrointestinal adverse effects of NSAIDs, and their attitudes toward informing patients about drug safety.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An online cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and October 2023. A convenience sample of Iraqi pharmacists working in hospitals and/or community pharmacies answered a validated questions about demographics, knowledge, and attitudes regarding the adverse effects of NSAIDs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 309 Iraqi pharmacists who participated, 46% had less than four years of experience. Eighty-five percent had good knowledge of the adverse effects of NSAIDs. Specifically, 83% of participants with good knowledge and ≥4 years of experience were younger than 35 years (<i>p</i>=0.008). Among participants with good knowledge and <4 years of experience, 93% had a bachelor's degree (<i>p</i>=0.008), and 57% worked from six to more than ten hours per day (<i>p</i>=0.045). The dispensing patterns of NSAIDs showed a highly significant association (<i>p</i><0.001) with participant knowledge regardless of years of experience. Negative attitudes were reported more frequently among pharmacists with fewer years of experience than those with longer years of experience (73% vs. 71%, respectively; <i>p</i>>0.05). Sixty percent of the participants agreed that education about adverse drug reactions (ADRs) increases anxiety and medication nonadherence. Seventy-eight percent agreed that pharmacists and physicians could improve patients' knowledge of ADRs. Pharmacists believed that leaflets reduce patients' medication adherence (57%) but help patients improve their medication knowledge (51%; <i>p</i><0.05) and monitor and report ADRs (56%; <i>p</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite years of experience, good knowledge and negative attitudes were found regarding safety information for NSAIDs. Pharmacists and physicians play an important role in ensuring appropriate drug use. Leaflets serve as a source of information, but they can also lead to medication nonadherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Study on the Development of Orodispersible Film Containing Desloratadine.","authors":"Özden Çakmakyapan, Fatma Nur Tuğcu Demiröz, Zeynep Şafak Teksin","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.46116","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.46116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Orodispersible films (ODFs) are new-generation dosage forms that increase patient compliance, providing ease of drug administration in many patient groups, such as pediatric, geriatric, and patients with physiological and psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to conduct preliminary studies to develop ODF containing the poorly water-soluble and oxidation-sensitive drug desloratadine (DL).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, the formulation and process parameters, as well as the characterization method were investigated using 20 film formulations manufactured by the solvent casting method. The films were characterized in terms of their appearance, mechanical properties, thickness, disintegration time, and content uniformity. Various strategies have been applied to increase the chemical stability of DL in the formulations and, therefore to choose suitable antioxidants, and morphological and compatibility studies using differential scanning calorimetry were performed. For increasing drug loading, different film compositions were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the preliminary formulations tested with a casting height of 400 μm, homogeneous, good mechanical properties with tensile strength values between 6.21-10.34 MPa, flexibility, and ODFs with a disintegration time of less than 60s ODFs were developed. By increasing the solubility of DL in the formulation with the selected components, the drug loading capacity was increased to 3% by the desired level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>One of the enabling formulations, F20, was particle-free with a suitable thickness uniformity (relative standard deviation =4.6%) and content uniformity (acceptance values =5) films were developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and Characterization of Etoricoxib Suppositories for the Management of Hemorrhoids.","authors":"Bhavna Sonule, Yogesh Khairnar, Nikhil Mehetre, Suraj Kumar, Lalit Kumar","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.83583","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.83583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to formulate and evaluate etoricoxib suppositories to improve patient compliance and drug efficacy in the management of hemorrhoids.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Suppositories were prepared using glycerin and gelatin. The prepared suppositories were evaluated for content uniformity, homogenization, hardness, weight variation, disintegration time, texture analysis, and <i>in vitro</i> drug release.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hardness, weight variation, disintegration time, and content uniformity values were found in the range of 4.00±0.50 to 7.50±0.50 kg/cm³, 1.20±0.03 to 1.31±0.01 g, 11.00 to 19.05 min, and 66.98±0.86 to 80.76±3.60%, respectively. The SB3 gave 91.47±17.74% drug release in 6 h, whereas the SB1 gave 99.08±3.40% drug release in 12 h. Drug release from all formulations of suppositories was supported by zero-order, first-order, and Higuchi plots, except for SB4. The mechanism of drug release from all suppositories was fickian diffusion-based. The SB2 results were found to be more appropriate than those of the other batches.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results confirm that the prepared formulation has a future scope and should be further explored in <i>in vitro</i> cell lines and animal studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Effects of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Ratios in Human SH-SY5Y Cells by <i>in vitro</i> Methods.","authors":"Mualla Pınar Elçi, Tuğba Fatsa, Sema Ören, Ece Miser Salihoğlu, Sevgi Akaydın","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.40583","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.40583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Neuroblastoma, an embryonic tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, is the deadliest type of cancer, accounting for 6-9% of all childhood cancers. The omega (ω)-6 [linoleic acid (LA)]: ω-3 [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)]=13/1 ratio is associated with the presence of chronic disease, and it has been reported that reducing this ratio to 7/1 protects against cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of different ratios of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids in human neuroblastoma cells (SHSY-5Y).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>SHSY-5Y cells were treated with different ratios of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids for 48 and 72 h. The viability of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acid-treated cells was measured using the methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide. The percentage of cell apoptosis was detected using the Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-conjugated Annexin-V/PI assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis was performed using flow cytometry. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and <i>transforming growth factor beta</i> 1 (TGFβ1) genes were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EPA and LA separately significantly inhibited the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells within 48 h (p<0.001). It was found that apoptosis decreased significantly in all groups due to the application of polyunsaturated fatty acids at different ratios, and the most effective dose was ω-3:ω-6 ratio: 1/1. ROS levels were significantly decreased compared with the control group and the lowest ROS level was observed in the ω-3:ω-6 ratio: 1/4 group. Both TNF-α, IL-6, and TGFβ1 mRNA expressions increased significantly after the addition of fatty acid mixtures compared with the control; they were observed to decrease with an increasing ω-6 ratio.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is the first to examine the effects of the ω-3:ω-6 ratio on neuroblastoma cancer cells. The application of ω fatty acids decreased apoptosis at all ratios. In contrast, when the ω-3: ω-6 ratio increased, the amount of ROS. Additionally, as the ω-3:ω-6 ratio increases, a decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines is noted.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"10-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Green Microwave-Assisted Extraction of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Extract and Its Cytotoxic Activity Against Cancer Cells.","authors":"Wiwit Suttithumsatid, Wanida Sukketsiri, Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.33490","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.33490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to explore the use of D-limonene and some vegetable oils with different amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids as alternative green solvents for microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of cannabis (<i>Cannabis sativa</i> L.). A standardized cannabis extract was selected to evaluate its potential as a chemopreventive agent.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Alternative green solvents, powder-to-solvent ratios, and irradiation cycles were determined to optimize the MAE conditions. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to assess the cytotoxic effects against human breast cancer (MCF-7), liver cancer (HepG2), and mammary epithelium (hTert-HME1) cell lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The extracts obtained from D-limonene and palm oil contained the highest concentrations of cannabidiol (CBD) and D-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). A standardized D-limonene extract of cannabis (DEC) containing 0.03% <i>w/w</i> CBD and 1.37% <i>w/w</i> THC was selected for the evaluation of cytotoxic activity compared with CBD and THC. The results revealed that CBD and THC exhibited significant cytotoxic effects (<i>p</i><0.05) against MCF-7 and HepG2, with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 18.5 and 12.37 μg/mL for CBD and 24.21 and 4.30 μg/mL for THC, respectively, whereas DEC exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7 (IC₅₀ of 488.85 μg/mL). However, CBD and THC exhibited significant cytotoxicity (<i>p</i><0.05) against hTert-HME1 (IC₅₀ values of 35.61 and 25.63 μg/mL, respectively), whereas DEC exhibited low cytotoxicity against hTert-HME1 (IC₅₀ of 1.537.03 μg/mL).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DECs containing appropriate levels of THC and CBD have the potential to be candidates for cancer treatment. However, further investigations are required to improve the efficacy and safety profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Nexus of Professional Commitment, Emotional Labor, and Self-Efficacy Among Community Pharmacists: Implications for Healthcare Delivery.","authors":"Yağmur Özkaya, Gülbin Özçelikay","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.19947","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.19947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to explore the relationship between emotional labor, professional commitment, and self-efficacy among community pharmacists. Specifically, this study examined how self-efficacy influences professional commitment and the mediating role of emotional labor strategies in this relationship.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from 396 community pharmacists. The study used a convenience sampling method and included standardized measures of emotional labor, professional commitment, and self-efficacy. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the levels of these variables among the participants. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess the interdependencies and mediating effects of emotional labor strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>General self-efficacy was positively correlated with emotional commitment (β=0.275, <i>p</i><0.05) and continuance commitment (β=0.364, <i>p</i><0.05), explaining 5% and 8% of their variances, respectively. A normative commitment was influenced by self-efficacy (β=0.464, <i>p</i><0.05) and deep emotional labor (β=0.134, <i>p</i><0.05), explaining 11% of its variance. Self-efficacy and deep emotional labor positively affected overall professional commitment (β=0.368, <i>p</i><0.05), accounting for 15% of the variance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results highlight the crucial role of self-efficacy in managing the emotional demands of the pharmacy profession and in fostering stronger professional commitment. Enhancing pharmacists' self-efficacy and emotional management skills can improve their job satisfaction and commitment to the profession. These findings have clinical implications for the development of training interventions aimed at supporting pharmacists in coping with the emotional aspects of their work and improving their overall professional well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"38-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Urban India's Awareness of Oral Anticoagulation: Implications for Healthcare Education.","authors":"Suguna Kotte, Vishwas Hunsur Nagendra, Balasubramaniam Vishwanathan, Ponnusankar Sivasankaran","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.80069","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.80069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Treatment outcomes for patients with arrhythmias, deep vein thrombosis, prosthetic valves, blood thinning, and cardiac issues/chest pain problems can be affected by knowledge about oral anticoagulant therapy. The primary objective is to assess the knowledge of patients using oral anticoagulants for anticoagulation therapy, and the secondary aim is to identify factors influencing the level of anticoagulation knowledge.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at selected community pharmacies. A 33-item, self-administered questionnaire was adopted to evaluate patient understanding of anticoagulant medication in the urban population. Scores were calculated for each part and the association between patients' knowledge. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess variables associated with oral anticoagulation knowledge among participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean percentage knowledge score of the study population (n=323) was 42.38±12.5. Age has been found to have a negative correlation with anticoagulant therapy knowledge (<i>p</i>=0.01). It was discovered that there were gaps in knowledge regarding critical areas of use and self-management, including the identification of bleeding as a serious side effect of medication, drug-drug interactions, and dose omission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research article highlights urban participants' knowledge gaps in oral anticoagulation. Targeted educational interventions by pharmacists are vital for improving patient safety and treatment outcomes. Advancing age was associated with knowledge. Further research could explore the long-term impacts of educational interventions in larger populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticidal and Bactericidal Activities of <i>Cassia nigricans</i> Vahl and Molecular Docking Analysis of Insect Acetylcholinesterase.","authors":"Abdourahman Fadimatou, Faiza Boukli Hacene, Meriem Ghalem, Guy Bertrand Noumi, Jean Momeni, Le-Ndiman Mbaidanem, Said Ghalem","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.34734","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2025.34734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study focused on the phytochemical, insecticidal, and bactericidal activities of <i>Cassia nigricans</i> Vahl, as well as molecular docking analysis of an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor as a promising natural insecticide.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The leaves of <i>C. nigricans</i> were successively extracted with n-hexane, acetone, and methanol. Silica gel column chromatography of the methanol extract yielded compound 1. The insecticidal properties of the extracts and compound 1 were evaluated in terms of contact toxicity against <i>Sitophilus zeamais</i>. Bactericidal activity was achieved by photodynamic inactivation of fecal coliforms (FCs) and enterococci in water using extracts and compound one as natural photosensitizers. Compound 1 was analyzed for physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters and molecular docking against the AChE protein (6XYU).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compound 1 was characterized as emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione) using 1D-2D-¹H-¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Insecticidal properties showed that emodin exhibited the highest toxicity with an lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) = 5.00 mg/mL compared with all extracts. The n-hexane extract showed the highest insecticidal activity (LC₅₀ = 177.48 mg/mL) compared with the methanol (LC₅₀ = 195.08 mg/mL) and acetone (LC₅₀ = 374.14 mg/mL) extracts. Complete inhibition of fecal enterococci by photosensitization was observed after 60 min of light exposure to emodin-treated water at all concentrations (1-5 mg/mL) and 120 minutes for FCs under the same conditions. Based on the docking score, the binding energy of emodin (-6.38 kcal/mol) was close to that of the marketed insecticide pirimiphos-methyl (-6.25 kcal/mol).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In addition, emodin was subjected to insecticide probability prediction and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity analysis and was found to be satisfactory as a natural insecticide. Emodin is a promising candidate for insecticidal pest control.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"21 6","pages":"520-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In silico</i> Evaluation of H1-Antihistamine as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase: Repurposing Study of COVID-19 Therapy.","authors":"Mazin Hamdan, Necla Kulabaş, İlkay Küçükgüzel","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.49768","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2024.49768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), from the family Coronaviridae, is the seventh known coronavirus to infect humans and cause acute respiratory syndrome. Although vaccination efforts have been conducted against this virus, which emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has spread rapidly around the world, the lack of an Food and Drug Administration-approved antiviral agent has made drug repurposing an important approach for emergency response during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of H1-antihistamines as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using molecular docking techniques, we explored the interactions between H1-antihistamines and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a key enzyme involved in viral replication. The three-dimensional structure of 37 H1-antihistamine molecules was drawn and their energies were minimized using Spartan 0.4. Subsequently, we conducted a docking study with Autodock Vina to assess the binding affinity of these molecules to the target site. The docking scores and conformations were then visualized using Discovery Studio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results examined showed that the docking scores of the H1-antihistamines were between 5.0 and 8.3 kcal/mol. These findings suggested that among all the analyzed drugs, bilastine, fexofenadine, montelukast, zafirlukast, mizolastine, and rupatadine might bind with the best binding energy (< -7.0 kcal/mol) and inhibit RdRp, potentially halting the replication of the virus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the potential of H1-antihistamines in combating COVID-19 and underscores the value of computational approaches in rapid drug discovery and repurposing efforts. Finally, experimental studies are required to measure the potency of H1-antihistamines before their clinical use against COVID-19 as RdRp inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"21 6","pages":"566-576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial Empirical Antibiotic Treatment in Patients with COVID-19 is Associated with Excess Adverse Drug Reactions without Clinical Benefit.","authors":"Pınar Bakır Ekinci, Emre Kara, Gülçin Telli Dizman, Meliha Çağla Sönmezer, Ahmet Çağkan İnkaya, Kutay Demirkan, Serhat Ünal, Ömrüm Uzun","doi":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2023.44675","DOIUrl":"10.4274/tjps.galenos.2023.44675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Empirical antibiotic use is common among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia because it is difficult to differentiate it from concurrent bacterial pneumonia. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for concurrent bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (b-CAP) and the need for initial empirical antibiotic coverage in patients with pulmonary involvement caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary university hospital between March 2020 and April 2021. Patients aged over 18 years who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 were included. Risk factors and outcomes were compared between patients who initially received empirical antibiotics and those who did not.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The presence of respiratory viral pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2 was investigated <i>via</i> respiratory panel multiplex polymerase chain reaction in 295 patients and potential bacterial respiratory pathogens in 306 patients admitted to the hospital. The co-infection rate was low (17.4%) and half of the patients (205/409, 50.1%) were administered initial empirical antibiotics for suspected concurrent b-CAP. Antibiotic use was higher in patients with multiple comorbidities, severe to critical pneumonia, and patients older than 65 years (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The overall 30-day mortality rate was significantly higher (26.3% and 2.0%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and the duration of hospital stay was longer (median 13.0 and 5.5 days, <i>p</i> < 0.001) in patients who received empirical antibacterial agents compared to those who did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Initial empirical antibiotic treatment is common among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, although the coinfection rate is low. Empirical antibiotic(s) did not improve the clinical course in COVID-19 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":101423,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of pharmaceutical sciences","volume":"21 6","pages":"489-498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11730005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}