Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose from Sansevieria trifasciata as an Alternative Raw Material for Capsule Shell.

Objectives: Capsules are pharmaceutical preparations that are enclosed in hard or soft capsule shells made of gelatin. Because gelatin is typically generated from non-halal materials, there is a need for alternative raw materials for making capsule shells, one of which is carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), which is synthesized from cellulose.

Materials and methods: This study aims to find alternative raw materials for the manufacture of capsule shells from cellulose-containing Sansevieria trifasciata leaves. Then, the isolated cellulose was treated with sodium Na-CMC using the alkalization and carboxymethylation methods.

Results: The cellulose that was produced fulfills the requirements for continuing the synthesis of Na-CMC. The yield of Na-CMC produced was 83.83%, with a pH of 6; dispersed in water and insoluble in ethanol and ether; a degree of substitution of 0.83; and a water content of 12%. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy study results show the presence of functional groups such as O-H at 3332 cm^-1, C-H at 2930 cm^-1, C=C at 2050 cm^-1, O-Na at 1588.82 cm^-1, and C-O at 1020.16 cm^-1. The resulting capsule shell has the following properties: transparency, a slightly cream color, a somewhat firm texture, no odor, and a moisture content of 20%.

Conclusion: As a result, it is possible to establish that Na-CMC from the S. trifasciata leaves can be used as a raw material for capsule shells.