Anesthesia and pain medicine最新文献_第3页

Noninferiority trial of low-dose intravenous dexamethasone on the analgesic effect of caudal block in children undergoing day-case orchiopexy: a randomized controlled study. 低剂量静脉注射地塞米松对儿童一日睾丸切除术尾侧阻滞镇痛效果的非劣效性试验：一项随机临床试验。

IF 3.6

Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-13 DOI: 10.17085/apm.25382

Jeong-Rim Lee, Haegi Choi, Darhae Eum, Young-Eun Joe

{"title":"Noninferiority trial of low-dose intravenous dexamethasone on the analgesic effect of caudal block in children undergoing day-case orchiopexy: a randomized controlled study.","authors":"Jeong-Rim Lee, Haegi Choi, Darhae Eum, Young-Eun Joe","doi":"10.17085/apm.25382","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.25382","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intravenous (IV) administration of dexamethasone has been reported to prolong the analgesic duration of a caudal block. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effects of IV low-dose and high-dose dexamethasone in pediatric patients undergoing orchiopexy.Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 273 children aged 6 months to 6 years who underwent orchiopexy under general anesthesia with a caudal block at Severance Hospital (Seoul, South Korea) were assigned to receive either low-dose dexamethasone (0.15 mg/ kg, Group L) or high-dose dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg, Group H) during general anesthesia. Parents were trained to assess postoperative pain using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale and instructed to administer analgesics when the pain score was 4 or higher. The primary outcome was the need for additional analgesics within 48 h postoperatively in both groups. Secondary outcomes included the time to first analgesic administration, postoperative pain scores, incidence of nausea or vomiting, parental assessment of postoperative pain, and overall parental satisfaction.Results: The proportion of patients requiring additional analgesics did not differ significantly between the groups (41.5% in Group H vs. 49.2% in Group L, odds ratio 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-2.27; P = 0.22). No significant differences were observed in secondary outcomes.Conclusions: Although no significant differences in analgesic effect were observed between low- and high-dose dexamethasone groups, the noninferiority of low-dose could not be conclusively demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":" ","pages":"348-356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13444180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The clinical evidence and strategic use of hyaluronidase in spinal interventions. 透明质酸酶在脊柱干预中的临床应用和策略。

IF 3.6

Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-29 DOI: 10.17085/apm.26724

Jae Hun Kim

{"title":"The clinical evidence and strategic use of hyaluronidase in spinal interventions.","authors":"Jae Hun Kim","doi":"10.17085/apm.26724","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.26724","url":null,"abstract":"Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that degrades hyaluronic acid within the extracellular matrix, thereby increasing tissue permeability and facilitating the dispersion of injected agents. Hyaluronidase has been used as an adjunct in spinal interventions to improve drug delivery, enhance adhesiolysis, and overcome therapeutic limitations imposed by epidural fibrosis and scar tissue. This review summarizes the pharmacological properties, clinical evidence, safety considerations, and practical applications of hyaluronidase in spinal pain management. The available evidence suggests that hyaluronidase enhances the distribution of local anesthetics, corticosteroids, and other therapeutic agents within fibrotic or compartmentalized tissues. Clinical studies have demonstrated improved pain relief and functional outcomes when hyaluronidase was incorporated into lumbar interlaminar, caudal, and transforaminal epidural injections, particularly in patients with failed back surgery syndrome. However, evidence regarding its role in percutaneous epidural neuroplasty and adhesiolysis remains inconsistent, with some studies reporting sustained benefits, whereas others have not demonstrated significant independent effects beyond mechanical adhesiolysis. In trigger point injections for myofascial pain syndrome, hyaluronidase has been associated with a faster onset and longer duration of analgesia. Although generally well-tolerated, rare hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been reported, necessitating careful patient selection and monitoring. Current evidence supports the use of hyaluronidase as a valuable adjunct rather than a stand-alone therapeutic option in selected spinal interventions. Future well-designed prospective studies are needed to clarify its independent therapeutic contribution, optimize dosing strategies, and establish evidence-based clinical guidelines for its use in interventional pain management.","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"21 3","pages":"312-322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13444191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comment on: "Use of combined spinal epidural technique with milrinone nebulization in a patient with pulmonary stenosis posted for elective cesarean section - A case report -". 评论：“脊髓硬膜外联合米力农雾化治疗肺狭窄患者择期剖宫产1例报告”。

IF 3.6

Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-29 DOI: 10.17085/apm.25353

Rohan Magoon

引用次数: 0

Epigenetics in anesthesiology: an overview and clinical relevance. 麻醉学中的表观遗传学：综述和临床相关性。

IF 3.6

Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-29 DOI: 10.17085/apm.26713

Hyo-Jin Byon

{"title":"Epigenetics in anesthesiology: an overview and clinical relevance.","authors":"Hyo-Jin Byon","doi":"10.17085/apm.26713","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.26713","url":null,"abstract":"Epigenetics, the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without altering the underlying DNA sequence, has emerged as an important conceptual framework for anesthesiology. The epigenome is organized into three mechanistic tiers: cytosine methylation in DNA, chemical modification of histone proteins, and gene regulation by non-coding RNA molecules. Unlike a relatively stable genome, epigenetic patterns vary between cell types, change throughout the lifespan, and are modifiable by environmental exposures, including surgical stress and anesthetic drugs. These properties make epigenetic mechanisms particularly relevant to several problems encountered in anesthetic practice. For example, interindividual variability in responses to analgesics and anesthetics, pathophysiology of chronic pain and opioid tolerance, immune dysregulation in critical illness, and long-term cognitive consequences of perioperative exposure in vulnerable populations. This review aimed to explore the fundamental concepts of epigenetics for anesthesiologists; established roles in disease conditions relevant to anesthesiology, including pain, neurodegeneration, and inflammation; and the key considerations for designing and interpreting epigenetic research in the perioperative context. Understanding the epigenome offers both a new lens through which to view the clinical phenomena encountered daily in anesthetic practice, and a potential avenue toward more individualized, mechanism-informed patient care.","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"21 3","pages":"275-284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13444188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Korean guidelines for pediatric procedural sedation. 韩国小儿程序性镇静指南。

IF 3.6

Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-29 DOI: 10.17085/apm.26630

Hye-Mi Lee, Young Sung Kim, Eun-Hee Kim, Jin-Tae Kim, Seyeon Park, Yong-Hee Park, Ji-Hoon Park, Jung-Woo Shim, Chung-Sik Oh, Young-Eun Jang, Sung-Ae Cho, Eun-Young Joo, Sang-Hwan Ji, Byung Gun Lim, Hyo-Jin Byon

{"title":"Korean guidelines for pediatric procedural sedation.","authors":"Hye-Mi Lee, Young Sung Kim, Eun-Hee Kim, Jin-Tae Kim, Seyeon Park, Yong-Hee Park, Ji-Hoon Park, Jung-Woo Shim, Chung-Sik Oh, Young-Eun Jang, Sung-Ae Cho, Eun-Young Joo, Sang-Hwan Ji, Byung Gun Lim, Hyo-Jin Byon","doi":"10.17085/apm.26630","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.26630","url":null,"abstract":"Safe and effective pediatric sedation depends on multiple factors, including the precise selection of sedative agents, provider expertise, availability of age-appropriate monitoring equipment, and the patients' individual circumstances. These revised clinical practice guidelines, developed by the Korean Society of Pediatric Anesthesiologists, aim to promote safe and effective pediatric sedation across diverse clinical settings in Korea, thereby enhancing patient safety and standardizing care. These guidelines represent a comprehensive update to the first edition published in 2017, systematically revised through an expert consensus model to reflect the rapidly evolving clinical landscape. The revision prioritized clinical utility and consistency, incorporating the latest pharmacological and technological advancements, while optimizing the content for practical bedside use. Key recommendations cover the entire sedation continuum, including the identification of qualified providers, pre-sedation patient evaluation and fasting requirements, age-specific risk assessment, monitoring of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, level of sedation, management of respiratory complications, and structured discharge criteria. These recommendations are intended to guide healthcare providers and guardians in sedation-related decision-making for various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Depending on the clinical needs and institutional limitations of the primary, secondary, and tertiary care facilities, sedation providers may apply these recommendations directly, adapt them to their specific environments, or use them as a foundational framework for internal protocols.","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":"21 3","pages":"296-311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13444186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in geriatric anesthesia: moving toward personalized brain protection strategies. 经颅多普勒超声在老年麻醉：走向个性化的脑保护策略。

IF 3.6

Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-06 DOI: 10.17085/apm.25383

Lan Ge, Taotao Xing

{"title":"Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in geriatric anesthesia: moving toward personalized brain protection strategies.","authors":"Lan Ge, Taotao Xing","doi":"10.17085/apm.25383","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.25383","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing volume of geriatric surgical procedures presents a critical challenge: protecting the aging brain from perioperative complications such as postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Conventional anesthetic management, which relies primarily on systemic parameters like blood pressure, often overlooks age-related vulnerabilities, including impaired cerebral autoregulation and reduced cerebrovascular reserve. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) offers a valuable solution by providing real-time, noninvasive assessment of cerebral hemodynamics. This modality enables dynamic monitoring of key indicators, such as mean flow velocity and pulsatility index, to detect cerebral hypoperfusion, microembolic events, and blood flow variability-all of which represent significant risk factors for neurological injury. A major advantage of TCD lies in its capacity to guide individualized blood pressure management. By determining each patient's optimal mean arterial pressure, TCD assists clinicians in preventing both hypotension and hypertension, thereby surpassing the limitations of a one-size-fits-all approach. Despite remaining challenges-such as operator dependence and the need for larger-scale validation studies-the future of TCD appears promising. Integration with robotic systems and artificial intelligence is expected to improve automation and reliability. Ultimately, TCD is likely to become an integral component of multimodal intraoperative monitoring, facilitating a data-driven, brain-centered anesthetic strategy that enhances the safety and well-being of elderly surgical patients.","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":" ","pages":"336-347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13444190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147625105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preoperative and early postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for predicting delirium after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery in elderly women: a retrospective cohort study with an outcome-matched nested case-control analysis and internal validation. 术前和术后早期中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值预测老年妇女腹腔镜妇科手术后谵妄：一项结果匹配的巢式病例对照分析和内部验证的回顾性队列研究。

IF 3.6

Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-13 DOI: 10.17085/apm.25489

Hayoung Lee, Cheol Lee, Hansol Hong, Hyunjong Yu

{"title":"Preoperative and early postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for predicting delirium after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery in elderly women: a retrospective cohort study with an outcome-matched nested case-control analysis and internal validation.","authors":"Hayoung Lee, Cheol Lee, Hansol Hong, Hyunjong Yu","doi":"10.17085/apm.25489","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.25489","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication in older surgical patients. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inexpensive marker of systemic inflammation; however, its role in predicting POD after laparoscopic gynecological surgery has not been well-characterized.Methods: POD on postoperative days 0-7 was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) or the CAM-intensive care unit (ICU). Inflammatory indices determined preoperatively and on postoperative day 1, including the NLR, were evaluated in a retrospective cohort (n = 356). Outcome-matched (nested case-control) 1:1 propensity score-matched cohort of patients with and without POD (111 per group) was constructed, and the associations were examined using multivariate logistic regression. Model discrimination was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).Results: POD occurred in 111 of the 356 patients (31.2%). In the matched cohort, the preoperative NLR was higher in patients with POD than in those without POD (7.7 vs. 3.2). In multivariate analyses, both preoperative NLR (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.29 per unit increase) and postoperative NLR (adjusted OR: 1.08 per unit increase) were associated with POD. AUC of the clinical prediction model was 0.68, which increased to 0.78 with the addition of preoperative NLR and to 0.84 with the inclusion of both pre- and postoperative NLR. The optimal preoperative cutoff NLR was 7.1.Conclusions: In elderly women undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery, the preoperative NLR was associated with POD within 7 days postoperatively. Incorporation of the NLR into clinical prediction models may facilitate perioperative risk stratification.","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":" ","pages":"413-424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13444178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From visibility to influence. 从能见度到影响力。

IF 3.6

Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-21 DOI: 10.17085/apm.26725

Min Kyoung Kim, Hyun Kang

引用次数: 0

Effect of respiratory acid-base balance on rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade and sugammadex-induced reversal in rat phrenic nerve hemidiaphragm. 呼吸酸碱平衡对罗库溴铵诱导的大鼠膈神经半膈神经肌肉阻滞和糖madex诱导的逆转的影响。

IF 3.6

Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.17085/apm.25370

Yong Beom Kim, Chun Gon Park, Jae-Moon Choi, Hey Ran Choi, Junyong In, Boo Keun Son, Hong Seuk Yang

{"title":"Effect of respiratory acid-base balance on rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade and sugammadex-induced reversal in rat phrenic nerve hemidiaphragm.","authors":"Yong Beom Kim, Chun Gon Park, Jae-Moon Choi, Hey Ran Choi, Junyong In, Boo Keun Son, Hong Seuk Yang","doi":"10.17085/apm.25370","DOIUrl":"10.17085/apm.25370","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study utilized an ex-vivo model to examine the effect of respiratory acid-base balance on rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade and sugammadex-induced recovery and to assess the relationship between train-of-four (TOF) ratio and the first twitch tension of TOF (T1).Methods: After obtaining approval from the Asan Ethics Committee of the Laboratory of Animal Research, phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm specimens were obtained from 30 adult Sprague-Dawley rats and randomly assigned to control (95% O2 + 5% CO2), respiratory alkalosis (97.5% O2 + 2.5% CO2), and acidosis (91% O2 + 9% CO2) groups, immersed in the Krebs' solution, and stimulated with TOF pattern at 20-s intervals. Rocuronium loading and booster doses were administered every 10 min until > 95% blockade T1 was achieved. Recovery was monitored using T1 and TOF ratios (TOFR) until T1 to > 95% and the TOFR to > 0.9.Results: Left shift of the dose-response curve of T1% and TOFR occurred only in the acidosis group vs the alkalosis group (P < 0.0001). The recovery progression of T1 and TOFR differed significantly between the groups (P = 0.0001). The total doses of rocuronium and sugammadex were different between the control and respiratory acidosis groups (P = 0.00318 and P = 0.00315, respectively), and between the respiratory acidosis and alkalosis groups (P = 0.0007 and P = 0.0007, respectively).Conclusions: Acid-base alterations due to CO2 changes may influence rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade and sugammadex-induced reversal. However, despite some inter-group differences, statistically discrete results were not obtained across the experimental groups.","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13444183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148414504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis in superior trunk versus interscalene block upper limb surgeries: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis. 上干半膈肌麻痹与斜角肌间阻滞上肢手术的发生率：系统回顾、荟萃分析和试验序贯分析。

IF 3.2

Anesthesia and pain medicine Pub Date : 2026-05-13 DOI: 10.17085/apm.25415

Diogo Fonseca da Cunha, João Paulo Aureliano de Carvalho, Beatriz de Olinda Ribeiro, Elias Batista da Silva Neto, Liana Maria Tôrres de Araújo Azi, Norma Sueli Pinheiro Módolo, Rodrigo Leal Alves

{"title":"Incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis in superior trunk versus interscalene block upper limb surgeries: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis.","authors":"Diogo Fonseca da Cunha, João Paulo Aureliano de Carvalho, Beatriz de Olinda Ribeiro, Elias Batista da Silva Neto, Liana Maria Tôrres de Araújo Azi, Norma Sueli Pinheiro Módolo, Rodrigo Leal Alves","doi":"10.17085/apm.25415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17085/apm.25415","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Interscalene block (ISB) is widely used for upper limb surgery but frequently causes hemidiaphragmatic paralysis (HDP). Superior trunk block (STB) has emerged as a promising alternative that preserves phrenic nerve. This study aimed to evaluate whether STB is a safer option than ISB.Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420250654685). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing STB and ISB in adults undergoing upper limb surgery and reporting HDP as the primary outcome were included. Secondary outcomes were postoperative pain, opioid consumption, motor block duration, patient satisfaction, and Horner's syndrome. Comprehensive searches were conducted through June 2025 in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model in R, and trial sequential analysis was applied to assess statistical robustness.Results: Eight RCTs involving 597 patients were included. Compared with ISB, STB significantly reduced the incidence of complete HDP (risk ratio [RR], 0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07-0.17; I2 = 0%, P < 0.001) and Horner's syndrome (RR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01-0.24; I2 = 0%, P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in opioid consumption (P = 0.262), pain scores (P = 0.661), patient satisfaction on a 0-10 scale (P = 0.117), or motor block duration (P = 0.624).Conclusions: STB provides postoperative analgesia comparable to ISB while significantly reducing the incidence of HDP and Horner's syndrome, supporting its role as a safer and effective alternative for shoulder surgery.","PeriodicalId":101360,"journal":{"name":"Anesthesia and pain medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0