Urology research & practice最新文献

{"title":"Risk Related to Increasing Indications for Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery.","authors":"Guglielmo Mantica, Francesca Ambrosini, Rafaela Malinaric, Alessandro Calarco, Carlo Terrone","doi":"10.5152/tud.2024.23203","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2024.23203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cite this article as: Mantica G, Ambrosini F, Malinaric R, Calarco A, Terrone C. Risk related to increasing indications for retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Urol Res Pract. 2024;50(1):66-67.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":"50 1","pages":"66-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11059987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140051447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis Between Laparoscopic Extravesical Repair and Laparoscopic O'Connor Repair for Supratrigonal Vesicovaginal Fistula.","authors":"Yash Manharlal Tilala, Sabyasachi Panda, Amiya Shankar Paul, Pramod Kumar Mohanty, Sanjay Choudhur, Samir Swain","doi":"10.5152/tud.2024.23147","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2024.23147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of various intraoperative parameters and postoperative outcomes between the laparoscopic extravesical repair versus the laparoscopic O'Connor repair techniques in management of supratrigonal vesicovaginal fistula.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective nonrandomized study was conducted from January 2018 to January 2023, in which 36 patients who met inclusion criteria like primary or recurrent, single, simple, supratrigonal vesicovaginal fistula were included. Among these patients 18 patients were operated with laparoscopic O'Connor repair, while 18 were operated with laparoscopic transperitoneal extravesical vesicovaginal fistula repair. Intraoperative and postoperative parameters of these 2 techniques were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Laparoscopic O'Connor repair had longer operative time of 140 minutes, while laparoscopic extravesical VVF repair had an operative time of 117 minutes (P = .026). Mean blood loss was also significantly higher in laparoscopic O'Connor (210 mL versus 95 mL) (P = .004). Postoperative complications and analgesics requirement were less with laparoscopic extravesical repair. Hence, laparoscopic extravesical repair reduced mean hospital stay (3.2 days versus 3.9 days) (P = .003). A success rate of 83.33% for laparoscopic O'Connor and 94.45% for laparoscopic extravesical repair (P = .153) was recorded.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Laparoscopic extravesical approach appears to be a convenient and effective method in selective supratrigonal vesicovaginal fistula repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":"50 1","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11059974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140051445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Pathological, Functional, and Survival Outcomes of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Abdalla Ali Deb, Pragnitha Chitteti, Naufal Naushad, Wael Asaad, Steve Leung, Alice Hartley, Hosam Serag","doi":"10.5152/tud.2024.23214","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2024.23214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) is not yet confirmed. Therefore, we conducted this review to pool the available evidence in this regard. We analyzed 14117 UTUC patients reported in 21 studies after searching 5 databases. The NAC was administered in 1983 patients and the remaining 12134 controls underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) alone. Efficacy endpoints included pathological, functional, and survival outcomes. Safety was determined by overall and grade 3-4 complications. For dichotomous outcomes, the log odds ratio (logOR) was pooled, and for continuous variables, the crude mean difference was calculated along with its 95% CI. The NAC was associated with 10% complete pathological response (CPR), 42% pathological downstaging, 31% post-NAC advanced disease (pT3-4), 6% positive surgical margin, 18% lymph node metastasis (pN+), 24% lymphovascular invasion, and 29% mortality and recurrence at 5 years. Compared to controls, NAC resulted in increased risk of CPR [logOR=1.67; 95% CI, 0.11-3.23] and downstaging [logOR=1.30; 95% CI, 0.41-2.18] and reduced risk of advanced disease [logOR=-0.81; 95% CI, -1.51--0.11]. Renal function did not improve from baseline; however, it increased significantly after RNU. The NAC was associated with good survival/low mortality in the short term, with a sustained increase over time. Overall and grade 3-4 complications occurred in 25% and 7% of patients, respectively. Our findings support the potential benefits of NAC in enhancing pathological outcomes and possibly improving survival in UTUC patients undergoing RNU. The variability in response and associated complications underscore the importance of careful patient selection and tailored treatment approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":"50 1","pages":"13-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11059980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140051448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Cancer.","authors":"Bassem Toeama, Emmanuel Papadimitropoulos, Nathan Perlis, Paul Grootendorst, Bassem Hamandi","doi":"10.5152/tud.2024.23123","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2024.23123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prostate cancer is the second- leading cause of cancer death among men. We aimed to evaluate high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), open radical prostatectomy (ORP), robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), and external beam radiation therapy (RT) in the treatment of localized low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched bibliographic databases for case-control, cohort, and randomized controlled studies. We used MeSH subject headings and free text terms for prostate cancer, HIFU, ORP, RARP, RT, failure-free survival (FFS), biochemical disease-free survival (BDFS), urinary incontinence (UI), and erectile dysfunction (ED).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies were included in the review, for a total of 34 927 participants. Among the 8 studies of HIFU as the primary treatment of localized low- and intermediate- risk prostate cancer, 4 studies reported 5-year FFS rates ranging from 67.8% to 97.8%, 3 studies reported 5-year BDFS ranging from 58% to 85.4%, 5 studies reported 1-year UI rates ranging from 0% to 6%, and 4 studies reported 1-year ED rates ranging from 11.4% to 38.7%. Furthermore, our search revealed a 5-year FFS benefit favoring ORP compared to RT, a 1-year UI rate favoring ORP compared to RARP, and a 1-year ED rate favoring ORP compared to RARP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our systematic review and meta-analysis revealed lack of studies with active comparators comparing HIFU to standard of care (ORP, RARP, or RT) in primary treatment of localized low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Open radical prostatectomy has favorable efficacy outcomes compared to RT, while RARP has beneficial functional outcomes compared to ORP, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11059986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140051444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostate: Is novel En Bloc Enucleation Technique Better Than the Traditional 2-Lobe Technique-A Prospective Randomized Study.","authors":"Abhay Dinkar Mahajan, Arpit Rajendra Sharma, Martand G Patil","doi":"10.5152/tud.2024.23177","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2024.23177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the safety and efficacy of the en bloc technique with the standard 2-lobe technique for holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study included patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent HoLEP from September 2020 to March 2022, by en bloc or 2-lobe technique. Patient demographics, prostate volume, enucleation, morcellation and operative time, and incidence of postoperative incontinence were compared between the 2 groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 64 patients (30 en bloc and 34 2-lobe techniques) who underwent HoLEP in this study. The mean age, prostate volume, creatinine, and PSA of patients were comparable in both groups [(68.53 vs. 67.55 years; P=.62), (79.43 vs. 79.88 g, P=.92), (1.08 mg/dL vs. 1.20 mg/dL, P=.35), (3.78 vs. 4.63 ng/mL; P=.376), respectively]. The enucleation time was significantly shorter in the en bloc group than in the 2-lobe group (54.2 vs. 61.67; P=.03). Additionally, the mean operative time was also comparatively shorter in the en bloc group than the 2-lobe group (72.36 vs. 80.50; P=.057). The improvement in the quality-of-life (QoL) score was significantly better with en bloc than the 2-lobe group (3.80 vs. 2.11; P=.01). There was a significant difference in stress urinary incontinence on days 1, 7, and 30 (P .001) with en bloc compared to the two-lobe technique.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the outcomes of en bloc and 2-lobe endoscopic enucleation of prostate techniques were comparable, the en bloc technique seems to be a better option in most patients undergoing HoLEP due to less enucleation and operative time and lowered stress urinary incontinence incidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":"50 1","pages":"47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11059977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140051446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Lymph Node Dissection in the Management of Upper Urothelial Cancer: A Nodal Status-Based Meta-Analytical Study.","authors":"Abdalla Ali Deb, Ayman Agag, Naufal Naushad, Alice Hartley, Hosam Serag","doi":"10.5152/tud.2023.23045","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2023.23045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review was performed to study the prognostic value of lymph node dissection (LND) during nephroureterectomy in upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC). Five databases were searched on September 11, 2022, to include studies that compared whether LND was performed, the extent of dissection (complete vs. incomplete), and the nodal status (positive \"pN+\" vs. negative \"pN0\"). Outcomes included prognosis (overall survival \"OS,\" cancer-specific survival \"CSS,\" disease-free survival \"DFS,\" and recurrence-free survival \"RFS\") and complications. High-grade complications (≥ grade 3 according to the Clavien-Dindo classification). Data analysis were conducted through STATA. The pooled data are reported log odds ratio (logOR) with 95% CI. Thirty-three studies were analyzed. The LND resulted in improved 5-year OS [logOR=0.10; 95% CI: 0.06-0.15], 5-year CSS [logOR=0.10; 95% CI: 0.04- 0.17], and 10-year CSS [logOR=0.14; 95% CI: 0.06-0.21] when compared to non-LND. However, LND was associated with greater risk of high-grade complications [logOR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.26-0.98]. Complete LND was associated with lower risk of cancer-specific mortality than incomplete LND [logOR=-0.69; 95% CI: -1.22--0.16]. The pN0 patients had better 5-year OS; however, pN+ patients had better prognosis in DFS, RFS (at 2 and 5 years), and CSS (at 2, 5, and 10 years). Lymph node dissection provides a protective role in terms of 5-year OS and 5-year and 10-year CSS among UTUC patients. However, it is associated with higher risk of high-grade complications. The extent of dissection plays a minor prognostic role, while the positivity of resected nodes has great prognostic value in UTUC.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":" ","pages":"345-359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10765198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138049127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Safe Are the Laparoscopic and Robotic Graspers? Evaluation of the Novel Avatera Robotic Surgical System: An Acute In Vivo Study on a Porcine Model.","authors":"Vasileios Tatanis, Anastasios Natsos, Arman Tsaturyan, Athanasios Vagionis, Angelis Peteinaris, Solon Faitatziadis, Kristiana Gkeka, Konstantinos Pagonis, Mohammed Obaidat, Eirini Anaplioti, Dimitra Koumoundourou, Vassiliki Bravou, Theofanis Vrettos, Panagiotis Kallidonis, Evangelos Liatsikos","doi":"10.5152/tud.2023.23127","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2023.23127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the tissue injury caused by the force applied by the roboticassisted graspers of avatera robotic surgical system on bowel tissue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An experimental in vivo porcine model with 1 pig was conducted. After a standard transperitoneal setup of the avatera robotic surgical system, different laparoscopic and robotic graspers were used on the bowel with maximum force applied each time. Robotic atraumatic grasper, laparoscopic right angle grasper, laparoscopic curved grasper, and laparoscopic atraumatic grasper were used. After using all graspers, the pig was sacrificed. The bowel segments were resected and sent for histological analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pathologist reported that all the graspers caused signs of acute inflammation without any irreversible damage or signs compatible with ischemia of the tissue. No significant difference in histology was observed between the graspers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No permanent damage was caused by graspers, except for acute, reversible inflammation. Concluding, the avatera grasper could be safe to use on bowel segments, independent of the applied pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":" ","pages":"387-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10765195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136400954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientometric Analysis and Mapping of Scientific Articles on Multiple Sclerosis-Related Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction.","authors":"Sakineh Hajebrahimi, Masoud Zeynalzadeh, Ashkan Shafigh, Helia Mostafaei, Moloud Balafar, Nima Naghdi, Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr","doi":"10.5152/tud.2023.23137","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2023.23137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently experience lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction, which significantly impacts their quality of life. This study's objective was to conduct a scientometric analysis of the literature on MS-induced neurogenic LUT dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using bibliometric methods, we examined the literature on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in MS patients without restricting it to prevalence studies or specific management methods. We considered contributions from authors, organizations, nations/regions, as well as the evolution of theoretical frameworks, research subtopics, and influential papers. In January 2023, we searched the complete Scopus database, without imposing any language or date constraints, identifying relevant documents related to urology clinical investigations of MS-induced NLUTD. The original articles were categorized into 4 groups: narrative reviews, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, research of levels 1-4, and case reports/series.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On January 1, 2023, our search yielded 72 sources published between 1977 and 2022, including journals and books. The average time before publication was 11.2 years. Each document received an average of 18.1 citations, totaling 1.299 citations per year. The author's analysis explored relationships, productivity, and coauthorship networks among authors and institutions based on bibliographic records. Chartier-Kastler E, Karmonik C, and Khavari R ranked highest with 8 publications each. The University of Catania claimed the top position, followed by Houston Methodist Hospital and Paris University, recognized as the leading institutions in this field.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An analysis of diagnosis, therapy, and rehabilitation of MS-related NLUTD may be helpful for future bibliometric research in the field to better direct output.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":" ","pages":"392-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10765193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136400957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Performance of Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) in Answering Andrology-Related Questions.","authors":"Ufuk Caglar, Oguzhan Yildiz, M Fırat Ozervarli, Resat Aydin, Omer Sarilar, Faruk Ozgor, Mazhar Ortac","doi":"10.5152/tud.2023.23171","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2023.23171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The internet and social media have become primary sources of health information, with men frequently turning to these platforms before seeking professional help. Chat generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT), an artificial intelligence model developed by OpenAI, has gained popularity as a natural language processing program. The present study evaluated the accuracy and reproducibility of ChatGPT's responses to andrology-related questions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study analyzed frequently asked andrology questions from health forums, hospital websites, and social media platforms like YouTube and Instagram. Questions were categorized into topics like male hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction, etc. The European Association of Urology (EAU) guideline recommendations were also included. These questions were input into ChatGPT, and responses were evaluated by 3 experienced urologists who scored them on a scale of 1 to 4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 136 evaluated questions, 108 met the criteria. Of these, 87.9% received correct and adequate answers, 9.3% were correct but insufficient, and 3 responses contained both correct and incorrect information. No question was answered completely wrong. The highest correct answer rates were for disorders of ejaculation, penile curvature, and male hypogonadism. The EAU guideline-based questions achieved a correctness rate of 86.3%. The reproducibility of the answers was over 90%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that ChatGPT provided accurate and reliable answers to over 80% of andrology-related questions. While limitations exist, such as potential outdated data and inability to understand emotional aspects, ChatGPT's potential in the health-care sector is promising. Collaborating with health-care professionals during artificial intelligence model development could enhance its reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":" ","pages":"365-369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10765186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71490863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NANOG Dominates Interleukin-6-Induced Sphere Formation in Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Didem Seven, Didem Tecimel, Ömer Faruk Bayrak","doi":"10.5152/tud.2023.23116","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2023.23116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Identifying the dynamics of prostate tumor aggressiveness is essential to find new therapeutics for the treatment. Cancer stem cells contribute to cancer progression by promoting tumor growth and metastasis, resisting treatment, and evading the immune system. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that functions in inflammation, immune response, etc. However, dysregulated expression of IL-6 plays a pathological role in such conditions as cancer. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the effect of IL-6 on cancer stemness genes in prostate cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Enrichment of stem-like cells was achieved through the formation of tumor spheres using the DU-145 cell line. Sphere formation was conducted in a medium supplemented with IL-6 and compared to a control group. The number of spheres was quantified, and the resulting pellet was collected for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis to assess the impact of IL-6 induction on the expression of stemness-related genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tumor sphere numbers and sizes increased in IL-6-induced environment. NANOG expression elevated in an IL-6-enriched environment compared to the nontreated spheres. Our results demonstrated that IL-6 induction in prostate tumor spheres upregulates NANOG gene expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inducing IL-6 in prostate tumor spheres stimulates stemness biomarker NANOG genes. NANOG may be suggested as a therapeutic target for metastatic prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":" ","pages":"376-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10765223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138178404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}