Urology research & practice最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of D-Mannose Monotherapy vs. Other Agents in Preventing Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ahmed Al-Hajjaj, Alaa Al-Maatoq, Asaad Al-Asadi","doi":"10.5152/tud.2026.25070","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2026.25070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) are common and often difficult to manage among women and are frequently treated with antibiotic prophylaxis. However, growing awareness of antibiotic resistance has encouraged interest in non-antibiotic alternatives such as D-mannose, a naturally occurring sugar believed to prevent rUTIs by inhibiting bacterial adhesion to the urothelial surface. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of D-mannose monotherapy in preventing rUTIs in adult women compared with antibiotics, placebo, or no treatment. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Literature searches were performed using PubMed and EMBASE. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials or cohort studies evaluating D-mannose monotherapy for rUTIs prevention in adult women. The primary outcome was UTI recurrence, and the secondary outcome was adverse effects. Five studies met the inclusion criteria (3 RCTs, 1 prospective cohort, and 1 retrospective cohort), including 1038 women. A meta-analysis of 3 eligible studies comparing D-mannose to placebo/control (n = 831) demonstrated a non-significant reduction in rUTIs in the D-mannose group (risk ratio = 0.37, 95% CI 0.11-1.30, P = .10) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 94%). The largest and highestquality study showed no significant difference between D-mannose and placebo. Across all included studies, D-mannose appears to be well tolerated, with only mild and infrequent side effects. Although D-mannose appears safe and well-tolerated, the current evidence does not support its routine use in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections. Further high-quality trials are necessary to clarify its effectiveness in clinical practice.   Cite this article as: Hajjaj AA, Maatoq AA, Asadi AA. Efficacy of D-mannose monotherapy vs. other agents in preventing recurrent urinary tract infections in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol Res Pract. 2025;51(6):208-216.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":"51 6","pages":"208-216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible and Navigable Suction Ureteral Access Sheath for Ureteral Stones: A Novel \"Çapa\" Surgical Technique.","authors":"Rıfat Burak Ergül, M Fırat Özervarlı, Vineet Gauhar, Steffi Kar-Kei Yuen, Olivier Traxer, Tzevat Tefik","doi":"10.5152/tud.2026.25073","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2026.25073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The flexible and navigable suction (FANS) ureteral access sheath (UAS) is an optimal innovation for retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), proven to increase stonefree rates while reducing complications and the need for reintervention.1 This novel study aims to be the first to demonstrate the efficacy and reliability of FANS UAS in the treatment of ureteral stones.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A 61-year-old male patient presented with left flank pain. A non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scan revealed 4 stones of 9, 8, 6, and 6 mm in the distal ureter. A JJ stent was placed as part of initial management. One month later, the patient underwent ureteroscopy with FANS UAS to manage the ureteral stones.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The operation was successfully completed within 90 minutes. Ureteroscopy was performed using a 9.8 Fr single-use Redpine flexible ureteroscope, which was advanced through an 11/13 Fr, 40 cm FANS UAS. During laser lithotripsy, stone fragments were efficiently aspirated into the FANS UAS, thereby minimizing mucosal trauma. The Post-ureteroscopy lesion scale (PULS) score was recorded as 0.2 Following complete stone removal, a 6 Fr JJ stent was placed, and the procedure was completed without complications. A non-contrast CT scan obtained 24 hours postoperatively confirmed a stone-free status. The JJ stent was removed one week later.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of FANS UAS in ureteral stone management proved to be safe an effective, facilitating efficient stone clearance without mucosal injury. This novel technique offers a promising adjunct to standard ureteroscopy, particularly in cases requiring precise fragmentation control and low complication risk.   Cite this article as: Ergül RB, Ozervarli M, Gauhar V, et al. Flexible and navigable suction (FANS) ureteral access sheath for ureteral stones: A novel \".apa\" surgical technique. Urol Res Pract. 2025;51(6): 248-249.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":"51 6","pages":"248-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prospective Study of the Incidence and Characteristics of Post-Obstructive Diuresis Following Pyeloplasty for Unilateral Pelvi-Ureteric Junction Obstruction.","authors":"Ashitosh D Pokharkar, Rohit Bhashkar Meshram, Charu Yadav, Amit Gupta, Partap S Yadav, Subhasis Roy Choudhury, Rajiv Chadha","doi":"10.5152/tud.2026.25023","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2026.25023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To study the characteristics of urine production and post-obstructive diuresis (POD) following pyeloplasty for unilateral pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) in children and identify risk factors for the development of significant POD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted on pediatric patients undergoing pyeloplasty for unilateral PUJO. Post-operative urine output was measured from the affected kidney via nephrostomy catheter placed during surgery and from the opposite normal kidney via per-urethral catheter. Biochemical analysis of the urine sample was performed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group-1 with POD (total urine output (UO) >4 mL/kg/hour) (n = 19; 63.33%), and Group-2 (without POD) (n = 11; 36.66%). Preoperative imaging findings were analyzed in the 2 groups which may indicate risk for POD. Hydration was maintained in all patients with POD and remained stable with appropriate oral replacement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-obstructive diuresis occurred in Group-1 patients within 48 hours after surgery and resolved by postoperative day 5. They had statistically significant lower median renal parenchymal thickness and higher median renal pelvis antero-posterior diameter (APD), differential ratio of kidney size and proportion of grade-4 hydronephrosis (HN) than Group-2 patients. Urine from the affected kidney had significantly higher mean UO, pH, fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa+), potassium (FeK+), magnesium (FeMg+) and lower specific gravity, creatinine clearance, (phosphorus) FePO4 than urine from the normal kidney.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Post-obstructive diuresis occurring in children with pyeloplasty for unilateral PUJO is usually well tolerated by maintaining hydration. Patients with larger kidneys, more severe HN, higher pelvis APD, and parenchymal thinning are at a significantly higher risk.   Cite this article as: Pokharkar AD, Meshram RB, Yadav C, et al. A prospective study of the incidence and characteristics of post-obstructive diuresis following pyeloplasty for unilateral pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction. Urol Res Pract. 2025;51(6): 242-247.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":"51 6","pages":"242-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pure Ultrasound with Two-Step Dilation vs. Combined Ultrasound-Fluoroscopy in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Is Fluoroscopy Still Needed?","authors":"Enrique Pulido-Contreras, Miguel Angel Garcia-Padilla, Carlos Rios Melgarejo, Javier Medrano-Sanchez, Maria Guadalupe Leon-Verdin, Roger L Sur","doi":"10.5152/tud.2026.25096","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2026.25096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Fluoroscopy has been the most widely used guidance method for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL); however, radiation exposure is a significant concern. Recently, ultrasound has gained popularity, offering several advantages. The objective was to evaluate the safety and outcomes of the pure-ultrasound PCNL with a two-step tract dilation.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The authors retrospectively analyzed the data of patients from March 2019 to October 2023. In all patients, percutaneous renal access was ultrasound guided, and they were divided into 2 groups: Group 1, all steps of PCNL were performed under ultrasound guidance, and Group 2, tract dilation, confirmation of stone clearance, and exit strategy were done with fluoroscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The authors included 100 patients, 60 in Group 1 and 40 in Group 2, with a mean body mass index of 30.8 kg/m2. Mean stone burden was 4,162 mm3, 53% were complex stones and 59% of the cases were without hydronephrosis in the targeted calyx. Fluoroscopy was absent in Group 1 and 20 (11.3-31.5) seconds in Group 2 (P < .001). Complications were present in 13% of the cases. Group 1 patients had a lower complication rate than those in Group 2 (10% and 17%, respectively, P = .27). The authors had a global stone-free rate of 79%, Group 1: 78.3% and Group 2: 80% (P = 1.0). Multivariate analysis revealed that the stone-free rate is associated with the total operative time (P = .002) and the number of tracts (P = .031).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pure ultrasound PCNL is a safe and effective technique, offering a similar stone-free rate compared to fluoroscopy and providing an alternative method to avoid radiation exposure during PCNL.   Cite this article as: Pulido-Contreras E, Garcia-Padilla MA, Rios-Melgarejo C, Medrano-Sanchez J, Leon-Verdin MG, Sur RL. Pure ultrasound with two-step dilation vs. combined ultrasoundfluoroscopy in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Is fluoroscopy still needed? Urol Res Pract. 2025;51(6):217-224.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":"51 6","pages":"217-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13034007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Hybrid Surgical Technique for Large Renal Masses-Hybrid Technique of Laparoscopic-Assisted Open Radical Nephrectomy.","authors":"Bhavana Chowdary, Arjun Nagaraj, Dhanshekar Nalluru, Nagaraj Harohalli Krishnareddy, Koustubh Gaonkar, Abhishek Reddy, Dinesh Anne, Murali Velagapudi","doi":"10.5152/tud.2025.24090","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2025.24090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective: The complex patient dynamic in India leads to diverse presentations of renal cell carcinoma, ranging from incidental small renal masses to large palpable renal masses. Minimally invasive surgical approaches pose challenges for patients with large renal masses (≥7 cm), prompting many urologists to opt for open radical nephrectomy. However, open surgery is associated with higher morbidity due to prolonged visceral exposure and increased intraoperative bleeding. Large renal masses often exhibit significant neovascularity, complicating dissection and elevating intraoperative blood loss risk. This problem led the authors to devise a novel hybrid technique of laparoscopic-assisted open radical nephrectomy (HLO-RN), which helps to decrease morbidity. In this article, the authors discuss this novel hybrid technique incorporating the benefits of both open and laparoscopic approaches (HLO-RN). Methods: The authors conducted an observational study to report the authors'. HLO-RN, in 5 patients with large renal masses (≥7 cm) suggestive of renal cell carcinoma. Patients with morbid obesity (BMI ≥40) were excluded. The hybrid technique involves initial laparoscopy, followed by open flank incision after vessel clipping. Conversion-to-open procedure can be adjusted based on intraoperative conditions. In patients with inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus extension, conversion-to-open procedure is made after sequential clamping of renal vessels and IVC with or without hepatic mobilization. All the patients were followed for 6 months. Various parameters including patient characteristics, renal mass characteristics, staging, mean duration of laparoscopic and open procedures, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and duration of hospitalstay and duration to return to normal activity were recorded. Results: Five patients (mean age: 61.2 years) were included, with 2 presenting with venous tumor thrombus extension. The mean renal mass size was 10.7 cm (range: 7.8-14 cm). One patient with IVC Level I thrombus required open conversion after sequential vessel clamping due to significant neovascularity. Partial laparoscopic mobilization was feasible in the remaining patients. Procedure durations averaged 35.8 minutes (laparoscopic) and 35.6 minutes (open). All procedures were performed by the same senior urologist team. Patients were extubated immediately post-surgery, with one requiring intensive care unit admission for 1 day. No surgical site infections or major postoperative complications occurred. The drop in hemoglobin in this study was 0.84 g/dL. Conclusion: The authors' novel HLO-RN technique is a practical and feasible approach for large renal masses, including those with IVC thrombus extension. By reducing intra-operative blood loss and open procedure duration, this hybrid technique significantly decreases perioperative morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":"51 4","pages":"131-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.5152/tud.2025.252907","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2025.252907","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":"51 4","pages":"163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Outcomes of Open Simple Prostatectomy in Men with or Without Prior History of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate.","authors":"Mohadeseh Ghafouri Ahmadabadi, Kowsar Amirzadeh Gougheri, Alireza Lashay","doi":"10.5152/tud.2025.24053","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2025.24053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective: This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to compare functional and surgical outcomes after open simple prostatectomy (OSP) between patients who underwent prior transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and those who did not. Methods: Between March 2009 and April 2019, 723 patients underwent TURP, of whom 20 (2.7%) subsequently underwent OSP (Group 1). This group was matched with a group of patients who had solely undergone OSP (Group 2), with matching criteria including age, prostate-specific antigen level, prostate volume, and prostate weight. Results: Group 1 showed a statistically significant lower decrease in hemoglobin levels after surgery (p = .006); however, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of operation time (P=.508), hospital stay (P=.065), transfusion rate (P=.331), enucleated prostate volume (P=.733), or changes in creatinine levels (P =.418). Regarding early postoperative complications, the 2 groups showed no significant difference (0.349). Late postoperative complications occurred in 30% of Group 1 and 33% of Group 2, which was not significantly different either (P = .241). Both groups achieved similar early continence rates (88%) within the first 6 months after surgery. Late continence rates (after 6 months) were also comparable, with 94% in Group 1 and 88% in Group 2. Finally, no significant differences were found in patient satisfaction levels, measured on a qualitative scale ranging from \"dissatisfied\" to \"highly satisfied.\" Conclusion: Prior TURP did not significantly affect the surgical or functional outcomes of subsequent OSP, with comparable results observed between patients with and with- out a history of TURP.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":"51 4","pages":"136-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genitourinary Tuberculosis and the Potential Impact of Delayed Diagnosis in Europe.","authors":"Guglielmo Mantica","doi":"10.5152/tud.2025.25017","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2025.25017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":"51 4","pages":"161-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histotopographic Reasons for Ventral Approach in Bulbous Non-Transecting Urethroplasty.","authors":"Andrey Borisovich Bogdanov, Magomed Islambegovich Katibov, Evgeny Ibadovich, Alexander Evgenievich Sokolov, Inga Vladimirovna Kosova, Vladimir Arshakovich Vardanyan, Yulia Yurievna Andreeva, Olga Alexandrovna Kuznetsova, Genady Inanovich Nichiporuk, Ivan Vasilievich Gayvoronskiy, Badri Roinovich Gvasalia, Francisco Martins, Oleg Borisovich Loran, Dmitry Yurievich Pushkar","doi":"10.5152/tud.2025.25003","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2025.25003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective: A histotopographic research study was performed to justify the ventral approach for nontransecting anastomotic bulbar urethroplasty. Methods: The study included 10 preparations of the male penis, including the bulbous sections of the urethra with no signs of structural damage. The material was obtained during autopsy from men aged 36-60 years old. The features of the blood supply and innervation of the bulbous urethra were carefully examined, revealing the advantages of the proposed method. Results: The authors obtained data providing sufficient evidence for the safety and histotopographic validity of the ventral approach with preservation of the dorsal and lateral parts of the corpus spongiosum of the urethra. Conclusion: The choice of urethroplasty for bulbous urethral strictures less than 2 cm in length requires in-depth knowledge of the anatomy of the vascular and autonomic nerve fibers of the spongious body of the bulbous urethra, as well as the course of the cavernous nerves along its dorsal semicircle. In carefully selected patients with short (<2 cm in length) strictures of the bulbous urethra without spongiofibrosis, it is possible to avoid anastomotic urethroplasty with total transection of the spongious body by choosing nontransecting excision and primary anastomosis (ntEPA), which allows to preserve innervation and blood supply in the urethra to a greater extent. In this regard, the ventral ntEPA technique seems promising, as it is likely that the neurovascular structures in the urethra are mostly located outside the area of this zone-in the lateral frequent. However, definitive conclusions are possible after further scientific research in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":"51 4","pages":"141-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transperitoneal Multiport Robotic Partial Nephrectomy for Hilar Tumors: Step by Step.","authors":"Indraneel Banerjee, Jared Robinson, Indrait Banerjee","doi":"10.5152/tud.2025.25019","DOIUrl":"10.5152/tud.2025.25019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101337,"journal":{"name":"Urology research & practice","volume":"51 4","pages":"159-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}