Infectious disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Structural Prediction and Antigenic Analysis of ROP18, MIC4, and SAG1 Proteins to Improve Vaccine Design against <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>: An <i>In silico</i> Approach.","authors":"Tooran Nayeri, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi, Hossein Asgarian-Omran, Abolghasem Ajami, Zahra Hosseininejad, Samira Dodangeh, Ahmad Daryani","doi":"10.2174/0118715265332103240911113422","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265332103240911113422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan infectious disease in warmblooded mammals that poses a serious worldwide threat due to the lack of effective medications and vaccines.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The purpose of this study was to design a multi-epitope vaccine using several bioinformatics approaches against the antigens of <i>Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three proteins of <i>T. gondii</i>, including ROP18, MIC4, and SAG1 were analyzed to predict the most dominant B- and T-cell epitopes. Finally, we designed a chimeric immunogen RMS (ROP18, MIC4, and SAG1) using some domains of ROP18 (N377-E546), MIC4 (D302-G471), and SAG1 (T130-L299) linked by rigid linker A (EAAAK) A. Physicochemical properties, secondary and tertiary structure, antigenicity, and allergenicity of RMS were predicted utilizing immunoinformatic tools and servers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RMS protein had 545 amino acids with a molecular weight (MW) of 58,833.46 Da and a theoretical isoelectric point (IP) of 6.47. The secondary structure of RMS protein contained 21.28% alpha-helix, 24.59% extended strand, and 54.13% random coil. In addition, evaluation of antigenicity and allergenicity showed the protein to be an immunogen and nonallergen. The results of the Ramachandran plot indicated that 76.4%, 12.9%, and 10.7% of amino acid residues were incorporated in the favored, allowed, and outlier regions respectively. ΔG of the best-predicted mRNA secondary structure was -593.80 kcal/mol which indicates a stable loop is not formed at the 5' end.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Finally, the accuracy and precision of the <i>in silico</i> analysis must be confirmed by successful heterologous expression and experimental studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265332103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142335944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of the Difficulties Faced by Low and Middle-income Countries in Hygiene and Healthcare Practices.","authors":"Jashan Girdhar, Kapil Shandilya, Munnawar Husaain, Parneet Kaur, Shushank Mahajan, Tarun Singh, Isha Chawla, Meenakshi Dhanawat","doi":"10.2174/0118715265307717240713182628","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265307717240713182628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hygiene has been identified as an important step in anticipating health-related pollution, with conflicting reports about consistent sanitation standards in the nation. This narrative review of published studies has led to the discussion of hand hygiene and health practices, as well as the identification of necessary methods that are available in low and middle-income countries. An effective survey of accessible information is conducted in this way based on review questions. A number of 372 articles were found on the web, and 32 articles were used in the final analysis. Overall, the standard of hand hygiene is set at 20.49%. Difficulties identified for the people in low or middle-income countries are poor awareness and sound information about hand hygiene, lack of resources including water, soap, hand scrubbing gel, etc., as misinterpretations related to hand hygiene practices. People are paying more attention to healthcare-related illnesses as it becomes increasingly clear that most of them may be prevented. The free evidence-based practice states that to lower the danger of contamination, hand hygiene should be properly adhered to. The difficulties recognized in this review are reliable, with the discoveries of studies that have been led somewhere else. By conducting a basic examination of the \"Clean Care is Safer Care\" as an excellent arrangement of WHO's global initiative activity on patient well-being programs, developing nations will have more time to consider the essential approaches for the use of fundamental disease prevention exercises in our health care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265307717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142006218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and Comparison of Herbal Gels Containing Essential Oils and their Antimicrobial Evaluation.","authors":"Karan Agrawal, Vibha, Yogesh Murti, Migul Agrawal, Mayank Kulshreshtha","doi":"10.2174/0118715265293665240905043446","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265293665240905043446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study aimed to formulate and evaluate herbal gels containing essential oils for the treatment of infection caused by microbial species, <i>i.e., S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>B. subtilis</i>. These species are also responsible for acne directly and indirectly.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The gels were prepared using a gelling agent with 1% Carbopol-940, and they were further evaluated for physical appearance, drug content, <i>in-vitro</i> drug release, viscosity, extrudability, pH, and spreadability. Further, anti-microbial screening was done with various microbial species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Studies revealed that the gel was highly effective against the selected species except for the fungal strain. ZOI was observed ranging from 3.1 ± 0.01 mm to 13.4 ± 0.14 mm. The maximum ZOI was observed at 13.4 ± 0.14 mm against <i>S. aureus</i>. The physical properties of the gel satisfied the standard parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prepared herbal gel was found to have highly promising activity against bacterial species associated with bacterial infection but in a dose-dependent manner. However, more research is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265293665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Threat: Battling the Resurgence of Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE).","authors":"Balram Singh, Rajesh Gour, Akhlesh Kumar Singhai","doi":"10.2174/0118715265323743241009064115","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265323743241009064115","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265323743"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis: Clinical Insights, Diagnostic Challenges and Therapeutic Approaches.","authors":"Pujarani Pradhan, Anwesha Sahu, Tuhin Mukherjee, Satyajit Mohanty","doi":"10.2174/0118715265378791250512043331","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265378791250512043331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265378791"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Different Diagnostic Modalities for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia and Peptic Ulcer Disease.","authors":"Shikhir Malhotra, Ashish Agarwal, Vibhor Tak, Kumar S Abhishek, Sarika P Kombade, Ravisekhar Gadepalli, Chhagan Lal Birda, Vandana Solanki, Poonam Elhence","doi":"10.2174/0118715265353431250604133427","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265353431250604133427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There are several diagnostic techniques for detecting <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, the most common of which are upper GI endoscopic biopsies and stool specimens as optimal samples. The goal of this study was to detect and compare <i>H. pylori</i> infection using the following techniques: rapid urease test (RUT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture, histopathology, and stool antigen test (SAT), as well as to assess their validity in detecting <i>H. pylori</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Patients with dyspepsia who presented to the Department of Gastroenterology's Outpatient Department and In-Patient Department between September 2021 and December 2022 were screened (Rome IV criteria). Endoscopy was used to diagnose and recruit patients with Functional dyspepsia (FD) and Peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Each biopsy sample was subjected to a battery of microbiological testing. Patients were considered infected with <i>H. pylori</i> if any three of five tests were found to be positive. The outcomes of all diagnostic modalities were documented and analysed.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>A total of 171 patients were enrolled; the majority of them were male (62.60%), with a median age of 43 years. In 120 cases (70.18%), <i>H. pylori</i> was identified. The RUT showed the following results: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy: 91.67%, 74.51%, 89.43%, 79.17%, and 86.55%; PCR (ureC gene): 91.67%, 100%, 100%, 83.61%, and 94.15%; Histopathology: 61.67%, 100%, 100%, 52.58%, and 73.10%; and SAT: 87.50%, 94.12%, 97.22%, 76.19%, and 89.47%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study sheds light on the various diagnostic modalities and their efficacy in detecting <i>H. pylori</i> infection. Since several diagnostics are available for detecting H. pylori infection, the question of which method to use arises. Thus, the sensitivity, specificity, availability, rapidity in obtaining results, and availability of the test, with added value such as detection of pathogenic qualities, must all be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265353431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Clinical Multicenter Trial of Recombinant Human Interferon Gamma in Tuberculosis (GAM2022): Experience with the Use of Human Recombinant Interferon Gamma in TB Practice.","authors":"Veronika E Izosimova, Natal'ja A Barmina, Marija P Zharikova, Oleg Y Alekseyev, Oxana A Ryzhkova, Marat H Sayfulin, Natal'ja A Popova, Mihail A Andreyev, Svetlana G Gagarina, Raisa M Rysdauletova, Natal'ja G Kamaeva, Anastasiya G Samoylova, Marija I Romanova","doi":"10.2174/0118715265329137250102103507","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265329137250102103507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this article, we present the results of a multicenter clinical trial of IFN-γ in patients with drug-susceptible and drug-resistant pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) in routine clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to confirm the efficacy and safety of IFN-γ administered to patients with TB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients were diagnosed with TB after being tested by bacterioscopic and molecular genetic methods and had no contraindications to standard chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recombinant human IFN-γ proved high efficacy in multi-center clinical trial in routine TB practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results show that IFN-γ is efficient and safe in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Clinical Trial Registration #: NCT06118619.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265329137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Prevalence of Bacterial Infections in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit and Determining their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns.","authors":"Somaye Shiralizadeh, Masoud Azimzadeh, Fariba Keramat, Seyyed Hamid Hashemi, Mohammad Mehdi Majzoobi, Mohammad Reza Arabestani, Farid Azizi Jalilian, Abbas Taher, Salman Khazaei, Mohammad Sina Alikhani, Pezhman Karami, Zahra Rahimi, Zahra Karimi Tabar, Masoud Moghaddam Shakib, Mohammad Yousef Alikhani","doi":"10.2174/0118715265338445241007092436","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265338445241007092436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 patient hospitalization, particularly in intensive care units, exposes them to bacterial and fungi co-infections, which can have very serious consequences, including increased mortality. In addition, antibiotic resistance among pathogens is a hidden threat behind COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the period from 2020 September to 2021 August, bacterial isolates from COVID- 19 patients admitted to the ICU of Sina Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, were collected and identified based on standard biochemical tests. COVID-19 cases were confirmed based on clinical symptoms, computed tomography, and polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 207 bacterial isolates were collected, with Klebsiella pneumoniae accounting for 69 (33.33%) and Acinetobacter baumannii accounting for 59 (28.15%). The frequency and percentage of isolated bacteria were as follows: Alcaligenes species 28 (13.59%), Staphylococcus aureus 18 (8.73%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15 (7.28%), Escherichia coli 11 (5.33%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 3 (1.45%), Enterococcus species 3 (1.45%), and Serratia species 1 (0.48%). About 95.38% resistance to ceftazidime and cefotaxime and 92.31% resistance to ciprofloxacin and cefepime were found in K. pneumoniae isolates. A. baumannii isolates were 100% resistant to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and cefepime. About 22.22% resistance to vancomycin and 66.67% resistance to clindamycin, erythromycin, and cefoxitin were seen in S. aureus isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Knowledge of bacterial co-infections and their antibiotic resistance pattern in COVID-19 patients can help in choosing effective antibiotics for the treatment and prevention of antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265338445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Severity of COVID-19 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient.","authors":"Kishor R Danao, Vijayshri V Rokde, Ujwala N Mahajan","doi":"10.2174/0118715265326851241115072224","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265326851241115072224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As of early October 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, resulted in approximately 35 million cases and one million fatalities worldwide. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease marked by the generation of pathogenic autoantibodies and a lack of tolerance to nuclear self-antigens. Hypocomplementemia, or an abnormal blood complement deficit, is a reliable predictor of infection in SLE patients. Moreover, it has been found that immunoglobulin (Ig), particularly IgG and IgM, is lowered in SLE patients, which may be a factor in their heightened susceptibility to infection. Bloodstream autoantibodies, lymphopenia, aberrant T-cells, proinflammatory cytokines, and impaired regulatory systems all lead to an immune response that is aberrant in lupus patients. SLE patients exhibit impaired CD8 T-cell responses, including abnormal phagocytosis and chemotaxis. Recent study has shown that COVID-19 infections significantly boost type I interferon responses. Patients with SLE and Covid-19 infection typically get immune-suppressing drugs viz corticosteroids, Janus kinase inhibitors (JAK), and tocilizumab, which improve their immune systems and diminution susceptible to COVID-19 infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265326851"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant Nutraceuticals: Their Adjunct Role in the Management of COVID-19 Infections and Post-COVID Syndrome.","authors":"Naheed Mojgani, Maryam Dadar, Youcef Shahali, Jesus Simal-Gandara, Prashant Kumar, Sumel Ashique, Mithun Bhowmick, Himanshu Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0118715265320091241017161919","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118715265320091241017161919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 epidemic in recent years has been produced by various coronavirus strains that nearly destroyed world health policies and economics. Emerging viral strains exacerbated the pandemic. Huge investments have been made in preventative vaccines to combat the disease, but the genetic instability of these viruses has hampered their usefulness. However, in addition to traditional therapeutic approaches, nutraceuticals have been considered efficacious in preventing and or treating COVID-19 and post-COVID syndrome. In this context, nutraceuticals such as vitamins or dietary supplements including multiple vitamins and minerals and propolis have been widely studied for their significant impact on viral respiratory diseases like SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Some of these nutraceuticals having antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and immune-modulatory properties have been highly recommended for use as an adjunct option to moderate the adverse effects associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we intend to present the recent understanding and converse scientific implications for the use of nutraceutical antioxidants such as vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and polyphenols like bee propolis, in the management of viral respiratory diseases and post-COVID-19 syndrome. Future challenges and limitations regarding the use and bioavailability of these ingredients, and dose-response studies are further emphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":101326,"journal":{"name":"Infectious disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":"e18715265320091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}