AWWA water science最新文献_第6页

Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon profiling reveals capacity of carbon-based potable reuse treatment over a range of operating conditions 可生物降解溶解有机碳分析揭示了在一系列操作条件下基于碳的饮用水再利用处理的能力

AWWA water science Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1002/aws2.1355

Matthew F. Blair, Ramola Vaidya, Germano Salazar-Benites, Larry Schimmoller, Tyler Nading, Christopher Wilson, Amy Pruden, Charles Bott

{"title":"Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon profiling reveals capacity of carbon-based potable reuse treatment over a range of operating conditions","authors":"Matthew F. Blair, Ramola Vaidya, Germano Salazar-Benites, Larry Schimmoller, Tyler Nading, Christopher Wilson, Amy Pruden, Charles Bott","doi":"10.1002/aws2.1355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.1355","url":null,"abstract":"Biological treatment is gaining ground as a means to enhance removal of total organic carbon (TOC) as part of a multi-barrier treatment train for water reuse. Here we applied biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) analysis to evaluate the extent of removal of various TOC fractions through a pilot-scale water reuse train employing flocculation/sedimentation, ozone, biologically active carbon (BAC), and granular activated carbon (GAC). BDOC analysis highlighted GAC and ozone treatments as critical to non-biodegradable dissolved organic carbon removal and the need to optimize BAC performance to maximize GAC adsorption capacity. BDOC analysis was further applied to benchmark process performance to operational conditions, such as empty bed contact time (EBCT), occurrence of nitrification, and operational upsets. The lower EBCT proved to be less resilient to nonideal conditions. Overall, BDOC analysis proved an asset for understanding and improving operation of ozone/BAC/GAC treatments for water reuse.","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aws2.1355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50132233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of DMA characteristics on risk and asset analysis of the Metropolitan Waterworks Authority pipe network DMA特性对大都会水务局管网风险和资产分析的影响

AWWA water science Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1002/aws2.1354

Manatsawee Nawik, Sitang Pilailar, Suwatana Chittaladakorn

{"title":"Effect of DMA characteristics on risk and asset analysis of the Metropolitan Waterworks Authority pipe network","authors":"Manatsawee Nawik, Sitang Pilailar, Suwatana Chittaladakorn","doi":"10.1002/aws2.1354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.1354","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 This study examines the District Metering Area (DMA) characteristics in the pipe networks of Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA), with a specific focus on risk and asset analysis, including water loss rate, water usage, and pipe density. The objective is to classify the DMA types based on these characteristics and to determine the influence of area characteristics on water distribution infrastructure. This is achieved by employing risk assessment and asset valuation techniques to identify pipes that require replacement. Initially, the Area Characteristic Index (ACI) for all 64 DMAs within the Ladprao service office branch was evaluated using a fuzzy inference system. Subsequently, six selected DMAs from three distinct area types were analyzed by the fuzzy logic model to figure out the Risk Index (RI) values. Concurrently, the Infrastructure Value Index (IVI) contributed to the asset valuation. These indices pinpointed both the high-risk pipe routes and the poor-condition infrastructure. Moreover, the Modified Risk-Value Index (MRVI) was adopted to prioritize these pipe routes within a constrained budget. The main conclusion drawn is that while DMA characteristics do not directly influence the identification of deteriorated pipes through risk assessment and asset analysis methods, the characteristic of a high water loss rate does impact the number of pipe routes identified by the RI.\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aws2.1354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50120489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Establishing pathogen log reduction value targets for direct potable reuse in the United States 制定美国直接饮用水再利用的病原体对数减少值目标

AWWA water science Pub Date : 2023-09-17 DOI: 10.1002/aws2.1353

Daniel Gerrity, Katherine Crank, Eva Steinle-Darling, Brian M. Pecson

{"title":"Establishing pathogen log reduction value targets for direct potable reuse in the United States","authors":"Daniel Gerrity, Katherine Crank, Eva Steinle-Darling, Brian M. Pecson","doi":"10.1002/aws2.1353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.1353","url":null,"abstract":"Communities are now turning to potable reuse to augment their water supply portfolios in response to increasing demand and climate uncertainty. One barrier to broader implementation is a lack of regulations for direct potable reuse (DPR) in some locations. An incomplete understanding of the foundation of existing DPR frameworks may be contributing to this barrier. The objective of this study was to use a publicly available quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) tool—DPRisk—to explain the basis behind California's existing indirect potable reuse regulations, California's draft DPR regulations, and an Expert Panel's response to those draft regulations. Then, leveraging a robust raw wastewater pathogen dataset from the literature, DPRisk was used to justify two alternatives: one based on maximum simulated pathogen concentrations and the other based on 97.4th percentile concentrations. The latter represents an effort to seek equivalency between “raw wastewater” (i.e., California) and “treated effluent” (i.e., Texas) approaches. Using justified QMRA assumptions, the baseline log reduction value (LRV) targets were determined to be 15/11/11 (maximum) or 13/10/10 (97.4th percentile) for viruses, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. Additionally, instead of augmenting the baseline LRVs to account for undetected treatment process failures, tolerances for off-specification conditions (e.g., up to 3 logs for 3–12 days per year) were characterized. With this foundational knowledge, stakeholders can better understand and adopt these frameworks or use DPRisk to establish a new framework that better addresses their unique constraints, including considerations for preferred treatment paradigms and capital and operational costs.","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aws2.1353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50136328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adapting direct filtration to increasing source water dissolved organic carbon using clarification and granular activated carbon 采用澄清和颗粒活性炭，使直接过滤适应增加水源水溶解有机碳

AWWA water science Pub Date : 2023-09-17 DOI: 10.1002/aws2.1352

Lindsay E. Anderson, Manda Tchonlla, Martin Earle, Ryan Swinamer, Graham A. Gagnon

{"title":"Adapting direct filtration to increasing source water dissolved organic carbon using clarification and granular activated carbon","authors":"Lindsay E. Anderson, Manda Tchonlla, Martin Earle, Ryan Swinamer, Graham A. Gagnon","doi":"10.1002/aws2.1352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.1352","url":null,"abstract":"Changing source water quality namely through increasing natural organic matter (NOM) concentration challenges surface water treatment, especially direct filtration. We conducted a pilot-scale assessment of various adaptation strategies (e.g., clarification, granular activated carbon [GAC] filtration) for direct filtration facilities under the stress of rising NOM levels. Recognizing that changing source water can impact broader aspects of treatment, we considered the implications of Fe and Mn removal via KMnO4 pre-oxidation. GAC media showed promise as an adaptation strategy, providing ~60% removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and a significant reduction in disinfection by-product formation potential (DBPfp). However, KMnO4 pretreatment showed limited Mn and Fe removal, and filters with GAC media released dissolved Mn at up to ~30% of prefilter levels. These data suggest that using GAC may come with the risk of poor Mn removal performance if Mn is not removed during pretreatment. This work highlights the complexities anticipated under emerging climate pressures and emphasizes the need for comprehensive treatment solutions that consider factors beyond NOM.","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aws2.1352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50136329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating regulatory scenarios to limit U.S. nationwide exposure to cytotoxic haloacetic acids 评估限制美国全国范围内接触细胞毒性卤乙酸的监管情景

AWWA water science Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/aws2.1351

Eric S. Peterson, William J. Raseman, Benjamin D. Stanford, Gretchen M. Bruce, Heather Klintworth, David Reckhow

{"title":"Evaluating regulatory scenarios to limit U.S. nationwide exposure to cytotoxic haloacetic acids","authors":"Eric S. Peterson, William J. Raseman, Benjamin D. Stanford, Gretchen M. Bruce, Heather Klintworth, David Reckhow","doi":"10.1002/aws2.1351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.1351","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is considering a regulatory revision of the Disinfectant and Disinfection Byproduct Rule (DBPR) with a goal of limiting nationwide exposure to DBPs of emerging health concern. The occurrence of four brominated haloacetic acids (HAAs), which are generally more toxic in in vitro assays than the five currently regulated HAAs and are candidates for future regulation, were surveyed in 4924 public water systems under EPA's fourth unregulated contaminant monitoring rule (UCMR4). Using UCMR4 data, this study evaluated the nationwide occurrence of nine HAA species and the potential for two regulatory scenarios (the mass sum of all nine HAA species, HAA9, or just the six brominated HAA species, HAA6Br) to control nationwide exposure to the most toxic HAAs. Neither HAA9 nor HAA6Br approaches were effective for identifying water systems that exhibit high HAA exposure, assessed as additive cytotoxicity, because they are more specific to the HAA species that form at high concentrations rather than the species that are most toxic. However, the effectiveness of HAA6Br is highly sensitive to the relative toxicity of one HAA compound, monobromoacetic acid, which has the highest in vitro toxicity among HAAs but also the lowest occurrence and about which little is known regarding in vivo health risks. In contrast to HAA9, systems with high HAA-associated additive toxicity tend to share similar treatment and disinfectant characteristics as systems with high HAA6Br concentrations. Systems with high source water bromide and total organic carbon were far more likely to use chloramines as a disinfectant residual compared to other systems, but were no more likely to adopt organic precursor removal technologies (biofiltration, granular activated carbon, and ion exchange) than other systems, on average.","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aws2.1351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50131822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Utility considerations in developing a galvanized iron water pipe management plan 制定镀锌铁水管管理计划时的效用考虑

AWWA water science Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1002/aws2.1350

Marc Edwards, Roger Arnold, Becki Rosenfeldt, Sheldon V. Masters, Jeffrey Parks, Min Tang

引用次数: 0

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in foam and dewatering streams at wastewater treatment plants 废水处理厂泡沫和脱水流中的全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质

AWWA water science Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1002/aws2.1349

Charles E. Schaefer, Jennifer L. Hooper, Laurel E. Strom, Ke Wu, Jennifer L. Guelfo

{"title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in foam and dewatering streams at wastewater treatment plants","authors":"Charles E. Schaefer, Jennifer L. Hooper, Laurel E. Strom, Ke Wu, Jennifer L. Guelfo","doi":"10.1002/aws2.1349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.1349","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 The occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is well recognized. While several studies have examined the occurrence of PFAS in WWTPs, studies assessing the extent to which unit processes impact PFAS phase distribution are relatively lacking. Herein, PFAS enrichment in foams generated during aeration and PFAS accumulation in solids dewatering streams were evaluated in WWTPs. Results of this screening-level study showed that perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentrations were enriched up to three orders of magnitude in foams relative to the aqueous phase. Similarly, total PFAS concentrations in solids dewatering streams were enriched up to 380 times relative to the aqueous influent. The PFAS mass in the dewatering stream was a significant component of the overall PFAS mass exiting the WWTP at one of the facilities examined. Results of this study suggest that there is potential to mitigate PFAS by improved management of these foams and dewatering waste streams.\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aws2.1349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50137259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Insights from residents under year-round irrigation restrictions to improve water conservation impacts 居民在全年灌溉限制下的见解，以改善水资源保护影响

AWWA water science Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.1002/aws2.1348

Laura A. Warner, Bernardo Cardenas, Michael D. Dukes, Nicholas Taylor, Deirdre Irwin, James Harmon, Masoud Yazdanpanah, John M. Diaz

{"title":"Insights from residents under year-round irrigation restrictions to improve water conservation impacts","authors":"Laura A. Warner, Bernardo Cardenas, Michael D. Dukes, Nicholas Taylor, Deirdre Irwin, James Harmon, Masoud Yazdanpanah, John M. Diaz","doi":"10.1002/aws2.1348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.1348","url":null,"abstract":"Year-round irrigation water restrictions can be effective water demand management tools if people adhere to them. Awareness and understanding of these regulations have important implications for compliance and long-term water supply goals. This study quantified irrigation restriction awareness-knowledge and how-to knowledge using survey data from residents with automated irrigation systems. Only half of those subject to irrigation restrictions were aware of these regulations; these irrigation restriction aware individuals reported varying perceived allowable watering frequency, implying that misunderstandings exist. Education, living in a homeowners association, hiring specific professionals, and information-seeking preferences distinguished irrigation restriction aware from unaware individuals. Binary logistic regression revealed that when considered together, race, education, income, hiring a professional for fertilizer application, and living in a homeowner association significantly influence awareness-knowledge. There are important opportunities to improve conservation outcomes by increasing both awareness and accuracy among target audience members.","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aws2.1348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50124144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling water age in a full-scale residential plumbing system 全尺寸住宅管道系统中的水龄建模

AWWA water science Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1002/aws2.1347

Ryan Julien, Maria Palmegiani, Juneseok Lee, Andrew J. Whelton, Jade Mitchell

{"title":"Modeling water age in a full-scale residential plumbing system","authors":"Ryan Julien, Maria Palmegiani, Juneseok Lee, Andrew J. Whelton, Jade Mitchell","doi":"10.1002/aws2.1347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.1347","url":null,"abstract":"The residence time of water in residential building water systems is a critical factor regarding water quality at end use. Published literature has highlighted the importance of water age in these systems and its relationship with pathogenic bacteria such as Legionella pneumophila. However, tools to measure water age in such plumbing systems are typically repurposed from other applications and include limitations that make them inappropriate for some plumbing systems. This work presents a novel means of estimating water age by assuming these systems operate without mixing. Data for this study was collected from a full-scale home equipped with an extensive array of flow meters to monitor water use. Further, 408 individual water quality samples were collected to ascertain water quality changes that take place in the plumbing. Model results show weak correlation with EPANET 2.2 (ρ = 0.666), a commonly used hydraulic modeling software. The results of the water age model were also evaluated with several variable selection tools. These analyses indicate that this method's water age results are a statistically significant (p < .05) predictor of Legionella concentrations. Model results from this approach could be used in plumbing design and/or operation to assist in managing Legionella risks.","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aws2.1347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50151048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparing PFAS removal across multiple groundwaters for eight GACs and alternative adsorbent 八种GACs和替代吸附剂在多种地下水中去除PFAS的比较

AWWA water science Pub Date : 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.1002/aws2.1345

Manmeet W. Pannu, Joseph Chang, Ricardo Medina, Scott A. Grieco, Michael Hwang, Megan H. Plumlee

{"title":"Comparing PFAS removal across multiple groundwaters for eight GACs and alternative adsorbent","authors":"Manmeet W. Pannu, Joseph Chang, Ricardo Medina, Scott A. Grieco, Michael Hwang, Megan H. Plumlee","doi":"10.1002/aws2.1345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.1345","url":null,"abstract":"Eight granular activated carbons (GACs) and one alternative adsorbent (AA) were evaluated using rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) to remove low level per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from several groundwaters. Results suggested variability among waters for adsorbents to reach breakthrough. Time to reach breakthrough appeared to be inversely proportional to the background dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Bituminous GACs (particularly F400 and UC1240LD) were more effective than non-bituminous. The elution order for PFAS was PFHxA (C6) > PFBS (C4) > PFOA (C8) > PFHxS (C6) > PFOS (C8). Multivariate regression predicted bed volumes at which F400 reached significant exhaustion (defined here as 60%) for PFOA using only two parameters (humic acid, DOC). This merits further study as these parameters could potentially be incorporated into models for predicting PFAS breakthrough. VOCs presence negatively impacted PFAS adsorption on GAC. Relative to GACs, the AA was not nearly as impacted by DOC and showed superior performance.","PeriodicalId":101301,"journal":{"name":"AWWA water science","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aws2.1345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50150449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0