Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Allgemeine, Landwirtschaftliche und Technische Mikrobiologie最新文献

{"title":"Studies on Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in Soil and Rhizosphere of Different Plants","authors":"M.H. El-Gibaly ,&nbsp;F.M. El-Reweiny ,&nbsp;M. Abdel-Nasser ,&nbsp;Th.A. El-Dahtory","doi":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80006-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80006-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Occurrence of bacteria (total), acid producing and phosphate dissolving micro-organisms in soil, rhizosphere, and rhizoplane of Egyptian cotton, peas, or maize during their different growth phases was studied. The rhizosphere effects were generally positive and differed according to type of plant, growth phase of each special plant, and type of micro-organism under study. The high densities of bacteria, acid-producers, and phosphate-dissolvers in the rhizoplane samples suggest the conclusion that roots of the studied plants are colonized with these soil micro-organisms. The role of the micro-organism and the mechanism of the noted colonization is not fully understood yet. However, the presence of high numbers of bacteria in the rhizosphere zones of all plants is undoubtedly important, since they may convert organic and inorganic substances into available plant nutrients. The acidproducing organisms were greatly stimulated in the rhizosphere of all plants. Consequently, the production of acid, especially in alkaline soils such as in Egypt, may directly or indirectly react with insoluble inorganic compounds, converting their nutrient elements into available forms for the growing plants. But not all acid-producers are considered as phosphate-dissolvers. Therefore, the presence of high numbers of phosphate-dissolving bacteria in the rhizosphere zones may explain how the growing plants can obtain their requirements in such alkaline soils.</p></div><div><p>Der Khizosphäreeffekt war für alle Mikroorganismengruppen positiv. Rhizosphäre und Rhizoplane wurden durch Bodenbakterien besiedelt.</p><p>Am höchsten wurden die Säurebildner in der Rhizosphäre stimuliert, was für die alkalischen Böden Ägyptens vollkommen logisch erscheint.</p><p>Nicht alle Säurebildner konnten Phosphate auflösen. Die Anwesenheit vieler phosphatauflösender Bakterien in der Rhizosphere wachsender Pflanzen kann zur besseren Versorgung der Pflanzen mit aufnehmbarem Phosphor beitragen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101292,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Allgemeine, Landwirtschaftliche und Technische Mikrobiologie","volume":"132 3","pages":"Pages 233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80006-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11244817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomische Untersuchungen an sexuellen Stämmen von Rhodotorula glutinis (Fres.) Harrison, Rh. aurantiaca (Saito) Lodder und Rh. rubra (Demme) Lodder","authors":"Frank-Thomas Keller,&nbsp;Karl-Albert Wegener","doi":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80032-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80032-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several strains of <em>Rhodotorula</em> were crossed with the strains IFO 0559a and IFO 0880α of <em>Rhodotorula glutinis</em>. We found nine new sexual <em>Rhodotorula</em> strains, belonging to the species <em>Rh. glutinis</em>, <em>Rh. aurantiaca</em> and <em>Rh. rubra</em>. 22 combinations, whose physiological and biochemical qualities were found out, followed from crossings of all sexual strains. The cell walls of some selected mycel combinations contained a pore in the center. Resting spores and life cycles of all combinations correspond to <em>Rhodosporidium toruloides</em> Banno. Results and taxonomical problems are being discussed.</p></div><div><p>Durch Kreuzung vorhandener <em>Rhodotorula</em>-Stämme mit den Stämmen IFO 0559a und IFO 0880α der Art <em>Rh. glutinis</em> wurden weitere neun sexuelle Stämme mit unterschiedlichem Paarungstyp gefunden, die zu den Arten <em>Rh. glutinis, aurantiaca</em> und <em>rubra</em> gehören. Die Kreuzung aller sexuellen Stämme ergab 22 Kombinationen, deren physiologisch-biochemische Eigenschaften ermittelt wurden (s. Tabellen). Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen ergaben, daß die Myzelwände aller geprüften Kombinationen einen zentralen Porus besitzen.</p><p>Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert. Während bei den <em>Rhodotorula</em>-Stämmen eine gewisse artspezifische Assimilation auftritt, konnte eine kreuzungsspezifische Nutzung der Kohlenstoffverbindungen durch die Myzelkombinationen nicht ermittelt werden. Die Nutzung der N-Verbindungen ist nur in geringem Maße unterschiedlich.</p><p>Typische kreuzungsspezifische Merkmale lassen sich für taxonomisch eindeutige Differenzierungen nicht ableiten, zumal sich auch die Teliosporen und die Lebenszyklen in allen Fällen gleichen und der Art <em>Rhodosporidium toruloides</em> entsprechen. Einige taxonomische Probleme und Erwägungen werden diskutiert.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101292,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Allgemeine, Landwirtschaftliche und Technische Mikrobiologie","volume":"132 1","pages":"Pages 25-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80032-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11762116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity of Mycotoxins and Other Fungal Metabolites to Artemia Salina Larvae","authors":"Zdeňka Ďuračková ,&nbsp;V. Betina ,&nbsp;Brigita Horníková ,&nbsp;P. Nemec","doi":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80017-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80017-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigated the toxicity of 32 different mycotoxins, 7 macrolides, and 3 other fungal metabolites to <em>Artemia salina</em> (Brine Shrimp) larvae. We modified the known procedures of testing mycotoxins to <em>A. salina</em> larvae and found the latter to be a convenient model for comparing the toxicity of mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites. Results obtained were evaluated by the probit analysis.</p></div><div><p>Die Toxizität der 32 verschiedenen Mykotoxine, 7 Makrolide und 3 anderen Metabolite von Schimmelpilzen auf Salinenkrebslarven (<em>Artemia salina</em> L.) wurde untersucht. Es wurde festgestellt, daß Larven des Salinenkrebses ein geeignetes Modell für den Vergleich der Toxizität der Mykotoxine und anderer Pilzmetaboliten sind. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse wurden mit Hilfe der Probitanalyse verarbeitet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101292,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Allgemeine, Landwirtschaftliche und Technische Mikrobiologie","volume":"132 4","pages":"Pages 294-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80017-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12094801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zur Lebensfähigkeit und Überlebensfähigkeit allochthoner und autochthoner Bakterien im Boden nach einer Superinfektion","authors":"W.F. Hirte","doi":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80084-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80084-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>(1)</span><span><p>1. The behaviour of hygienic suspect allochthonic bacteria has been studied on the example of <em>E. coli</em> and coliform bacteria, respectively, in modeltests in the soil.</p><p>The purpose of this work was to find out the dependence of the viability and the rate of dying, respectively, from different factors. This is important in relation to a longtime contamination of the soil and the danger of environmental pollution by infiltration into the groundwater.</p></span></li><li><span>(1)</span><span><p>2. The behaviour of the allochthonic microorganisms has been studied in relation to the autochthonic soil-microorganisms. After superinfection of the soil the numbers in both bacteria groups decrease.</p><p>The autochthonic bacteria were only diminished to a distinct number in conformity with their natural presence in the soil. This corresponds to the ecophysiological life possibilities of the respective autochthonic species in the soil.</p><p>In contrast to that the allochthonic microorganisms are completely eliminated out of the soil population after a certain time.</p></span></li><li><span>(1)</span><span><p>3. The investigations for viability and surviability of the allochthonic microorganisms have been studied on the example of colibacteria. It was demonstrated that these organisms are only viable a distinct time in the soil and that their tenacity is the resultant between a certain promotion in the soil and the sum of negative factors of interaction.</p></span></li><li><span>(1)</span><span><p>4. The dying rate of <em>E. coli</em> mainly depends on the biological activity of the soil, that means of the concurrence effect of the autochthonic microorganisms. Nearly all the factors which promote this effect decrease the chance of viability of <em>E. coli</em>. This could be clearly observed by the influencing factors temperature and <em>p</em>H.</p></span></li><li><span>(1)</span><span><p>5. Therefore it is not right to take the tenacity of coliform bacteria etc. as absolute amount and to deduce from that hygienic and technological arrangements for the sewage and liquid manure disposal because the survival time is determined by complex acting factors in relation to the starting number of microorganisms by infecting the soil.</p></span></li><li><span>(1)</span><span><p>6. The most important factors are: quantity and quality of organic substances, soil temperature, soil type, and as a complex factor the biological activity.</p></span></li><li><span>(1)</span><span><p>7. In winter the survival time of coliform bacteria and other allochthonic organisms is the resultant of two factors:</p><ul><li><span>(1)</span><span><p>1. the “conserving action” of lower temperatures and</p></span></li><li><span>(1)</span><span><p>2. the killing of a considerable part of microorganisms by freezing and rethawing of soil frost.</p></span></li><li><span>(1)</span><span><p>8. Altogether the investigations demonstrate that b","PeriodicalId":101292,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Allgemeine, Landwirtschaftliche und Technische Mikrobiologie","volume":"132 5","pages":"Pages 434-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80084-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75612818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beitrag zum Studium der Respiration im Boden und in der Winterweizenrhizosphäre","authors":"Drahomir Marendiak","doi":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80086-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80086-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a complete respiration test, involving also other analyses, soil respiration (CO₂ evolved) was measured in a fertilization experiment in the rhizosphere of the plants in untreated soil. The highest and most effective CO₂ production was obtained by the variants “rhizosphere, fertilized with nitrogen”. The decreasing order of the influence on CO₂ production is as follows: rhizosphere, nitrogen fertilization, organogenetic state of the plant. With glucose addition, nitrogen fertilization predominated over the effect of the rhizosphere.</p></div><div><p>Es wurden mit Hilfe des kompletten Respirationstestes und anderer Kenndaten die Atmungsfähigkeitsverhältnisse in durch Düngung und Rhizosphäre differenziertem Boden aus einem Feldversuch mit Winterweizen verfolgt.</p><p>Die höchste aktuelle (basale) CO₂-Produktion, die als die Mineralisationsgeschwindigkeit der organischen Stoffe ausgedrückt werden kann, war im Rhizosphäre-Boden mit N-Düngung gegenüber ungedüngt statistisch hoch signifikant. Dieser Boden erreichte auch die relativ höchste durchschnittliche potentielle Respiration, die nach der Zugabe leicht aufnehmbarer Nährstoffe (Ammonsulfat und Glukose sowie deren Kombination) festgestellt wurde. Als Hauptvariationsfaktor aller Werte der aktuellen sowie auch der potentiellen Respiration in den Bodenproben mit Mineralstickstoffzugabe zeigte sich die Wurzelzone, d. h. ein Komplexfaktor, der die Verhältnisse im Wurzelbereich charakterisiert und gleichzeitig die Rhizosphäre vom Boden ohne Pflanzen diffenziert. Neben der Wurzelzone und ihrem nachweislich großen Einfluß wirkten die N-Düngung, ferner der Zeitfaktor (organogenetische Etappen der Pflanze) und die mit diesem verbundene Probenahme sowie auch Interaktionen der Hauptvariationsfaktoren differenzierend auf die Respiration. Der große Einfluß der Rhizosphäre auf die Respiration wurde herabgesetzt und zeitlich verlegt durch die Zugabe von Mineralstickstoff und Glukose in der Weise, daß die N-Düngung als Hauptquelle der quantitativen Variabilität der potentiellen Respiration vor die der Rhizosphäre trat. Praktisch genommen ist dies ein Weg zur Erhöhung der allgemeinen Atmungsfahigkeit und zur Verringerung zu großer Unterschiede zwischen Rhizosphäre und freiem Boden.</p><p>Das Studium der relativen Respiration zeigte, daß in den differenzierten Bodenproben sehr unterschiedliche Verhältnisse in bezug auf die physiologische N- und C-Aufnehmbarkeit durch die Mikroflora sowie auch auf die Stabilität der organischen Stoffe während des Pflanzenwachstums herrschen. Weiteres tiefes, breites und stetiges Studium der komplexen Beziehungen und Gesetzmäßigkeiten im Ökosystem Boden-Mikroorganismen-Pflanze kann den Weg zu dessen künftiger bewußter Regulierung eröffnen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101292,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Allgemeine, Landwirtschaftliche und Technische Mikrobiologie","volume":"132 5","pages":"Pages 461-471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80086-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75776158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymatic Activity in a Semi-gley Soil under the Floodplain Forest in South Moravia","authors":"Z. Ambrož","doi":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80094-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80094-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In three profiles of a semi-gley soil under the floodplain forest, variations were studied in the activities of invertase, amylase, cellobiase, cellulase, proteases, and phosphatases. In the surface soil layer, enzymatic activity was found affected by the soil moisture at a significant level, whereas in the deeper soil layers the influence of aeration was more effective. Moreover, significant correlations could be detected between the amount of available nitrogen and protease activity, while the water-soluble phosphorus acted as a repressive agent on the activity of phosphatases. Existence of correlations between the numbers of microbes and enzymes could be demonstrated for invertase and proteases only.</p></div><div><p>In drei Bodenprofilen eines Semigleys unter Auenwaldbestand wurden die jahreszeitlichen Veränderungen der Invertase, Amylase, Zellobiase, Zellulase, der Proteasen und Phosphatasen studiert. In den oberen Bodenschichten wird die enzymatische Aktivität in signifikanter Weise durch die Bodenfeuchtigkeit beeinflußt, in den tieferen Schichten kommt dagegen die Aeration stärker in Betracht. Statistisch signifikante Korrelationen konnten zwischen dem leicht aufnehmbaren Stickstoff und der Proteasen-Aktivität nachgewiesen warden, dagegen wirkt der wasserlösliche Phosphor depressiv auf die Phosphatasen-Aktivität. Engare korrelative Beziehungen zwischen der Gesamtkeimzahl und der enzymatischen Aktivität konnten nur im Falle der Invertase und Proteasen festgestellt werden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101292,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Allgemeine, Landwirtschaftliche und Technische Mikrobiologie","volume":"132 5","pages":"Pages 541-543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80094-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79939153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Streptomycin and Actidione on Respiration in the Rhizosphere and Non-Rhizosphere Soil","authors":"Vlastimil Vančura ,&nbsp;František Kunc","doi":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80088-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80088-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Streptomycin and actidione decreased the rate of oxygen consumption in suspensions of cherno zem and brown soil and in a suspension of the rhizosphere soil of wheat, cucumber, and sugar beet The effect differed in variants with the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil. Respiration in the non-rhizosphere soil was decreased by 5–18% in the presence of streptomycin and by 23–31% in the presence of actidione, as compared with values measured in variants without antibiotics. In a suspension of the rhizosphere soil this decrease was equal to 6–18% and 20–45% in the presence of actidione and streptomycin, respectively. In all samples of the rhizosphere soil oxygen consumption was inhibited by streptomycin more strongly than by actidione, and always more than in the non-rhizosphere soil. In samples of the non-rhizosphere soil, actidione decreased oxygen consumption more pronouncedly than streptomycin and always more effectively than in the case of the rhizosphere soil. With respect to the selective effect of actidione on the fungal component and of streptomycin on the bacterial component of the soil microbial population, it may be assumed that in the rhizosphere soil bacteria play a more significant role in respiration than fungi, whereas just the contrary can be observed in the non-rhizosphere soil.</p></div><div><p>Streptomyzin und Actidion setzten die Sauerstoffverbrauchsrate in einer Tschernozem- und Braunerdesuspension und in Rhizosphäreboden-Suspensionen von Weizen, Gurke und Zuckerrübe herab. Der Einfluß war in Rhizosphäre und Nicht-Rhizosphäre unterschiedlich. Die Respirationssenkung betrug im Nicht-Rhizosphäre-Boden in Anwesenheit von Streptomyzin 5–18 % und in Anwesenheit von Actidion 23–31 % im Vergleich zu den Werten in Varianten ohne Antibiotika. In Suspensionen von Rhizosphäre-Boden betrug die Respirationsherabsetzung in Anwesenheit von Actidion 6–18 % und in Anwesenheit von Streptomyzin 20–45%. In allen Rhizosphäre-Bodenproben wurde der Sauerstoffverbrauch durch Streptomyzin mehr gehemmt als durch Actidion, und zwar immer mehr als im Nicht-Rhizosphäre-Boden. Im Nicht-Rhizosphäre-Boden senkte Actidion den Sauerstoffverbrauch stärker als Streptomyzin und immer stärker als bei Rhizosphäre-Boden. Mit Rücksicht auf die selektive Einwirkung von Actidion auf die Pilzkomponente und von Streptomyzin auf die bakterielle Komponente der Bodenmikrobenpopulation kann geschlußfolgert werden, daß sich im Rhizosphäre-Boden in stärkerem Maße Bakterien als Pilze an der Respiration beteiligen, wogegen in Nicht-Rhizosphäre-Boden das Gegenteil zutrifft.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101292,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Allgemeine, Landwirtschaftliche und Technische Mikrobiologie","volume":"132 5","pages":"Pages 472-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80088-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11805024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the Formation of α-Amylase by Thermomonospora vulgaris","authors":"A.M. Allam ,&nbsp;A.M. Hussein,&nbsp;A.M. Ragab","doi":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80056-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80056-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conditions affecting the formation of α-amylase by static cultures of the thermophilic actinomycete <em>Thermomonospora vulgaris</em> were studied. The organism failed to grow under submerged culture conditions or when the culture medium was devoid of CaCO₃. α-Amylase was produced during the logarithmic phase of growth and maximum yield was obtained after 3 to 9 days of incubation. Growth and amylase formation took place only in a range from 45° to 55 °C; optimum temperature was 55 °C. Of the tested carbon sources only starch induced enzyme formation. Maximum enzyme yield was obtained when starch concentration of the medium was 2% and when ammonium citrate served as a nitrogen source. Crushed clay pots could substitute for CaCO₃ of the medium, but growth and amylase yield were less.</p></div><div><p>Der thermophile Aktinomyzet <em>Thermomonospora vulgaris</em> wuchs nicht in statischer Submerskultur oder wenn CaCO₃ fehlte. α-Amylase wurde in der logarithmischen Phase des Wachstums gebildet, mit dem Maximum am 3. oder 4. Tag der Bebrütung. Das Wachstum und die Amylasebildung verliefen zwischen 45° und 55 °C, das Maximum lag bei 55 °C. Von den untersuchten Substraten war nur Stärke in der Lage, α-Amylasebildung zu bewirken. Die höchste Enzymausbeute erfolgte bei 2%iger Stärkekonzentration und bei Anwendung von Ammoniumzitrat als Stickstoffquelle. CaCO₃ konnte durch gemahlene Tonscherben ersetzt werden, jedoch wurde die Enzymbildung dadurch herabgesetzt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101292,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Allgemeine, Landwirtschaftliche und Technische Mikrobiologie","volume":"132 2","pages":"Pages 143-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80056-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12063610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airborne Actinomycetes in the Atmosphere of Kuwait","authors":"A. Diab ,&nbsp;Samira A. Omar,&nbsp;H. Hertani","doi":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80010-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80010-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The distribution of actinomycetes in the atmosphere of Kuwait was studied during 6 months, from January to June, 1973. Total viable counts of actinomycetes were higher in the atmosphere of the crowded commercial locality (Mubarakiya) than in the quieter residential one (Suliabikhat).</p><p>Maximum counts were obtained during February in the two localities. Lower counts during the hot dry season (May and June) may be attributed to high temperature and low relative humidity in this season.</p><p>The genus <em>Streptomyces</em> was dominant in the atmosphere and in the soil of the two studied localities. The genus <em>Nocardia</em> was found to be of higher incidence in the soil than in the atmosphere. <em>Micropolyspora</em> sp. were more frequent in the atmosphere and in the soil of the crowded locality than in the quieter residential one.</p><p>Classification of the genus <em>Streptomyces</em> to sections and series was tried. The Rectus (R) and the Spira (S) sections were dominant in the atmosphere of the two localities, while in their soil the Spira (S) section was highly dominant. The gray series was found to be the dominant one in all the sections recorded. The blue series among the (S) section was recorded only in the soil of the two localities.</p></div><div><p>In der Atmosphäre von Kuwait wurde die Verteilung von Aktinomyzeten an zwei verschiedenen Standorten (Hauptverkehrsgebiet und Wohnlage) untersucht. In der heißen Jahreszeit (Mai und Juni) waren die Gehalte auf Grund hoher Temperatur und geringer Luftfeuchtigkeit niedriger als im Februar, dem Monat mit den höchsten Werten.</p><p>Die Gattung <em>Streptomyces</em> war am häufigsten vertreten, <em>Nocardia</em> im Boden häufiger als in der Luft. <em>Micropolyspora</em> war sowohl im Boden als auch in der Luft des Hauptverkehrsgebietes häufiger als im Wohngebiet.</p><p>Eine weitere Klassifizierung der Gattung <em>Streptomyces</em> wurde versucht.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101292,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Allgemeine, Landwirtschaftliche und Technische Mikrobiologie","volume":"132 3","pages":"Pages 273-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80010-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12114754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stepwise Selection of Efficient Rhizobial Cultures Through Cultural Characteristics","authors":"V.R. Balasundaram ,&nbsp;Abhiswar Sen","doi":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80043-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80043-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nodulation and shoot nitrogen of two varieties of soybean <em>(Glycine max)</em> were studied with twenty strains of <em>Rhizobium japonicum</em>. A number of cultural characteristics of the strains in isolation to the symbiotic system were also studied. A stepwise selection method was employed for detecting efficient cultures through the cultural characteristics which showed association with the steps in the symbiotic system.</p><p>Nodulation of one variety was found to be associated with the dehydrogenase activity and the growth of microbes in the medium containing soil extract, whereas the nodulation of another variety showed association with the growth in the media containing asparagine and tryptophane. The shoot nitrogen of one nodulated cultivar correlated with the microbial growth in Elkan's medium in the medium containing serine and glucose, whereas the shoot nitrogen of the other nodulating variety correlated with the growth of the cultures in the medium containing aspartic acid.</p><p>The validity of this approach to the problem for detecting efficient strains through cultural characteristics was discussed.</p></div><div><p>Knöllchenbildung und Stickstoffgehalt zweier Sojabohnensorten nach Beimpfung mit 20 verschiedenen Stämmen von <em>Rhizobium japonicum</em> wurden untersucht. Verschiedene Kulturcharakteristika und symbiontische Beziehungen wurden erforscht. Es gelangte eine Stufen-Selektionsmethode zur Anwendung. Sie wird für die Züchtung aktiver Kulturen vorgeschlagen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101292,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung: Allgemeine, Landwirtschaftliche und Technische Mikrobiologie","volume":"132 7","pages":"Pages 623-627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0044-4057(77)80043-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11768261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}