Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie最新文献

{"title":"Biochemical and molecular genetic evidence for a transfer of Actinoplanes armeniacus into the family Streptomycetaceae","authors":"Rainer M. Kroppenstedt ,&nbsp;Felicitas Korn-Wendisch ,&nbsp;Valerie J. Fowler ,&nbsp;Erko Stackebrandt","doi":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80006-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80006-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fatty acid and menaquinone patterns as well as the sugar composition and the presence of L,L-diaminopimelic acid in cells of <em>Actinoplanes armeniacus</em> indicate a closer relatedness of this species to members of <em>Streptomycetaceae</em> than to those of <em>Actinoplanaceae</em>. This is further supported by the sensitivity of <em>A. armeniacus</em> to polyvalent <em>Streptomyces</em>- und <em>Kitasatoa-phages</em>. DNA-DNA <em>reassociation</em> studies reveal a definitely higher DNA homology of <em>A. armeniacus</em> to representatives of various streptomycete genera than to those of <em>Actinoplanes</em> and related genera. The reassociation data, however, do not allow unambigous allocation of this species to one of the described genera of <em>Streptomycetaceae</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101290,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 254-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80006-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126884486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoproteales: A novel type of extremely thermoacidophilic anaerobic archaebacteria isolated from Icelandic solfataras","authors":"W. Zillig ,&nbsp;K.O. Stetter,&nbsp;W. Schäfer,&nbsp;D. Janekovic,&nbsp;S. Wunderl,&nbsp;I. Holz,&nbsp;P. Palm","doi":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80001-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80001-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two types of anaerobic extremely thermoacidophilic bacteria have been isolated from more than 50% of the samples collected in solfataric fields throughout Iceland.</p><p>They both possess highly stable cell envelopes with a characteristic subunit structure, are usually rods of variable length (about 1 to more than 50 <em>μ</em>) without septa, but can give rise to spheric bodies which exist either attached to the rods or in free state. Under certain conditions, truly branched filaments are frequently observed. The similarities in morphology and growth characteristics indicate that the two types are related to each other. In view of its variable appearance the larger organism (diameter about 0.4 <em>μ</em>m) was called <em>Thermoproteus tenax</em>.</p><p>Thermoproteus tenax forms H₂S and CO₂ from elemental sulfur and organic substrates, like glucose, ethanol, malate or formamide.</p><p>The absence of murein, the presence of polyisoprenoid ether lipids, the complete resistance against the antibiotics rifampicin, streptomycin, vancomycin and chloramphenicol and the component pattern and rifampicin insensitivity of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase are evidence that <em>Thermoproteus tenax</em> belongs to the archaebacteria. It represents a novel order of the thermoacidophilic branch of this urkingdom.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101290,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 205-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80001-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123101290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA-DNA homology of Pediococcus strains isolated from some Italian cheeses","authors":"Franco Dellaglio ,&nbsp;Pier Giacomo Sarra,&nbsp;Marisa Vescovo","doi":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80009-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80009-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The DNA-DNA homology of 71 strains of <em>Pediococcus</em> isolated from Italian cheeses with <em>Pediococcus pentosaceus</em> NCDO 1220 and <em>P. acidilactici</em> ATCC 25742 was determined.</p><p>Twenty-seven of the 34 strains isolated from Grana are affiliated to <em>P. acidilactici</em> but only 7 to <em>P. pentosaceus</em>. Of the 24 strains isolated from Pecorino Romano 5 strains showed a high percentage of DNA-DNA homology with <em>P. acidilactici</em> and 19 with <em>P. pentosaceus</em>. All the other strains isolated from Provolone, Casera Valsassina and Canestrato Siciliano Pepato belong to the species <em>P. pentosaceus</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101290,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 278-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80009-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124207625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for autotrophic CO2 assimilation in Sulfolobus brierleyi via a reductive carboxylic acid pathway","authors":"Otto Kandler ,&nbsp;Karl O. Stetter","doi":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80034-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80034-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The labeling kinetics of early products of heterotrophic and autotrophic ¹⁴CO₂ fixation in <em>Sulfolobus brierleyi</em> have been studied. Glutamic acid and glutamine were the dominating labeled compounds after 30 sec and 10 min of heterotrophic ¹⁴CO₂ fixation, with only small portions of ¹⁴C detectable in aspartic acid, alanine and an unknown compound Z. Malic acid, citric acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and an unknown compound X were the compounds most rapidly labeled during short time autotrophic ¹⁴CO₂ fixation.</p><p>It is concluded that the heterotrophic CO₂ fixation of <em>S. brierleyi</em> is based primarily on an exchange between the <em>α</em>-carboxyl group of <em>α</em>-keto-glutaric acid and ¹⁴CO₂, whereas the autotrophic ¹⁴CO₂ fixation of this organism leads to a true net assimilation of carbon via a reductive carboxylic acid pathway with malic acid, citric acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and the unknown compound X as early products. The participation of pyruvate is doubtful, since alanine is only slowly labeled. The evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.</p><p>It is suggested that a reductive carboxylic acid pathway, of which various modifications exist at present in <em>Chlorobium</em>, an early unique branch of the eubacteria and in both groups of autotrophic archaebacteria (methanogenic bacteria and <em>Sulfolobus</em>) may be a common heritage of all organisms, whereas the Calvin-Benson cycle was “invented” at an early evolutionary stage of the gram-negative eubacteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101290,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 111-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80034-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129763236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La flore microbienne de quatre eaux minérales non gazéifiées et mises en bouteilles 2ème communication: Les Pseudomonas et autres bactéries à gram négatif — Composition fine de la flore","authors":"P. Schwaller,&nbsp;W. Schmidt-Lorenz","doi":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80039-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80039-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The first communication reported on the bacterial flora isolated from 4 different French non-carbonated bottled mineral waters with reference to the colony counts, rough composition of the bacterial flora and to the group of gram-negative, yellow-pigmented bacteria.</p><p>This second communication is a study of the <em>Pseudomonas</em> group and other gram-negative bacteria and describes the refined composition of the flora in more detail.</p><p>A differentiation of the <em>Pseudomonas</em> group was achieved by means of nearly 30 biochemical and physiological tests. Altogether 467 strains of <em>Pseudomonas</em> could be subdivided into 4 groups according to their 4 main characteristics: the production of a fluorescent pigment, the presence of a dehydrolase of arginine, oxidative metabolism of glucose and alcalinisation of the medium. 261 strains belonging to group I (<em>Pseudomonas</em> facultatively fluorescent and arginine-positive) and 18 strains of group II (non-fluorescent, arginine-negative and oxidative glucose metabolism) were easily identifiable. Group III with 95 strains (no glucose oxidation) and group IV with 93 strains (alcalinisation of the media) were more heterogenic and did not show evidence properties typical of <em>Pseudomonas</em> species.</p><p>The so-called “AAM” group (<em>Acinetobacter-Alcaligenes-Moraxella</em>) was differentiated from the other gram-negative bacteria on the basis of 2 criteria: mobility and oxidase reaction.</p><p>The distribution of the isolated bacterial flora — including the yellow pigmented bacteria — in the 4 mineral waters was then determined in terms of a percentage of each group and subgroup, as well as according to a more realistic logarithmical presentation of the number of colonies of these groups.</p><p>Each water has its own distinguishing “finger print”, although each group of bacteria is present in all 4 mineral waters to a varying extent. The analyses of water 1 and 3 weeks after bottling did not reveal any marked differences either with respect to the colony counts or regarding the representation of the different groups.</p><p>In all the mineral waters the majority of strains were slow to very slow growing this being physiologically typical for the isolated bacteria of mineral water.</p></div><div><p>La première communication traitant de la flore bactérienne isolée de quatre eaux minérales non gazéifiées et mises en bouteilles avait porté sur le dénombrement de colonies, la composition grossière de la flore ainsi que sur le groupe des bactéries gram négatif et pigmentées en jaune.</p><p>La seconde partie se penche tout d’abord sur les <em>Pseudomonas</em> et autres bactéries à gram négatif et résume ensuite la composition fine de la flore.</p><p>Une differentiation fine du groupe des <em>Pseudomonas</em> a été réalisée à l’aide de près de 30 tests biochimiques et physiologiques, L’ensemble des 467 souches de <em>Pseudomonas</em> a pu être subdivisé en 4 groupes à l’aide de 4 c","PeriodicalId":101290,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 179-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80039-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133949434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stoffwechselprodukte von mikroorganismen 201. Mitteilung: Ansatrienin A und B, fungistatische antibiotika aus Streptomyces collinus","authors":"Wolfgang Weber ,&nbsp;Hans Zähner ,&nbsp;Manfred Damberg ,&nbsp;Peter Russ ,&nbsp;Axel Zeeck","doi":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80035-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80035-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Streptomyces collinus ssp. collinus (Lindenbein)</em> strain Tü 1892 produces ansatrienin A and B which show antifungal activity. Bacteria are not or only weakly inhibited. From a chemical point of view ansatrienins are members of the ansamycin antibiotics. They have a 1,4-benzoquinone resp. hydroquinone nucleus, and moreover an ansa bridge consisting of 18 links which shows an isolated triene part. The colourless ansatrienin B is oxidized into the yellow ansatrienin A with the molecular formula C₃₆H₄₈N₂O₈. The ansatrienins contain a N-cyclohexylcarbonyl-alanine side chain which is linked to the ansa bridge like an ester.</p><p>The structure elements of the ansatrienins are related to the maytansinoids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101290,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 122-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80035-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127419502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methanothermus fervidus, sp. nov., a novel extremely thermophilic methanogen isolated from an Icelandic hot spring","authors":"Karl O. Stetter ,&nbsp;Michael Thomm,&nbsp;Josef Winter ,&nbsp;Gertrud Wildgruber,&nbsp;Harald Huber,&nbsp;Wolfram Zillig ,&nbsp;Davorin Jané-Covic ,&nbsp;Helmut König,&nbsp;Peter Palm ,&nbsp;Simon Wunderl","doi":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80038-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80038-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A rod-shaped extremely thermophilic methanogen is described, growing between 65 and 97 °C with an optimal temperature around 83 °C and a doubling time of 170 min. The GC-content of its DNA is 33 mol %. The isolated cell wall sacculus contains pseudomurein. The complex cell envelope exhibits two layers, each about 12 nm thick; the inner represents the pseudomurein sacculus and the outer a protein envelope.</p><p>An enriched fraction of RNA polymerase does not react with antiserum against RNA polymerase from <em>Metbanobacterium thermoautotrophicum</em>, indicating that the isolate belongs to a new family, the <em>Methanothermaceae</em>, within the order <em>Methanobacteriales</em>. The new organism is named <em>Methanothermus fervidus</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101290,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 166-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80038-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131174336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA-DNA homology among representative strains of the genus Pediococcus","authors":"Franco Dellaglio ,&nbsp;Luigi Daniele Trovatelli ,&nbsp;Pier Giacomo Sarra","doi":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80036-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80036-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>About sixty strains of <em>Pediococcus</em> received from different collections were studied by means of DNA-DNA hybridization using the filter competition method and employing eight reference strains. Seven homology groups (78 to 107 per cent homology) were distinguished showing negligible deoxyribonucleic acid interrelatedness among each other (zero to 20 per cent). Five of these groups correspond to the five named species reported in Kitahara's system in the 8 th edition of Bergey's Manual (<em>Buchanan</em> and <em>Gibbons</em>, 1974), namely <em>Pediococcus cerevisiae</em> (= <em>P. damnosus</em>), <em>P. acidilactici, P. pentosaceus, P. halophilus</em> and <em>P. urinae-equi</em>.</p><p>A sixth group consists of the strains isolated and named <em>P. parvulus</em> by <em>Gunther</em> et al. (1962).</p><p>The seventh homology group consists of only two strains, ATCC 10400 and NCIB 9208, representative of <em>Aerococcus viridans</em> (<em>Williams</em> et al., 1953).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101290,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 140-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80036-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125790884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid degradation of cyanuric acid by Sporothrix schenckii","authors":"Josef Zeyer ,&nbsp;Jenny Bodmer,&nbsp;Ralf Hütter","doi":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80033-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80033-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A strain of <em>Sporothrix schenckii</em> was isolated which rapidly degraded cyanuric acid. The specific rate of degradation amounted to 30 mg cyanuric acid × h⁻¹ × (g dry weight of cells)⁻¹. During growth the strain was able to utilize cyanuric acid as its sole nitrogen source, with a concomitant release of carbon as carbon dioxide. Resting cells degraded the compound to carbon dioxide and ammonia. The action of the degrading enzymes was induced primarily by cyanuric acid, whereas ammonia and biuret resulted in a reduction of the specific rate of cyanuric acid degradation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101290,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 99-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80033-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123311544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acetic acid bacteria as causal agents of browning and rot of apples and pears","authors":"C. Van Keer ,&nbsp;P. Vanden Abeele ,&nbsp;J. Swings ,&nbsp;F. Gosselé ,&nbsp;J. De Ley","doi":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80040-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80040-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acetic acid bacteria are associated with apples and pears and have been isolated frequently from rotting fruits. The present work reports a) on the involvement of acetic acid bacteria in the rotting process, b) on the artificial infection of apple disks and entire apples by 159 acetic acid bacteria and c) on the susceptibility of 15 apple and 3 pear varieties.</p><p>Nearly all <em>Gluconobacter</em> (101) and <em>Acetobacter</em> (58) strains tested were found to cause a type cf rot and browing in apples and pears not accompanied by a softening of the tissue. The rot inducing capacity is not restricted to acetic acid bacteria or to any of its taxonomic subdivisions. All the apple and pear varieties were susceptible, Golden delicious being the most resistant apple variety. It is suggested that the role of acetic acid bacteria in the post-harvest rotting and browning processes of apples and pears has been underestimated up to now.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101290,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene: I. Abt. Originale C: Allgemeine, angewandte und ?kologische Mikrobiologie","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 197-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0721-9571(81)80040-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127913352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}