The ORBIT Journal最新文献

{"title":"Tackling global health challenges with telemedicine","authors":"Bolz Karsten","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v1i3.65","DOIUrl":"10.29297/orbit.v1i3.65","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This case study showcases the development of the telemedical diabetes monitoring system GlucoTel™ as a learning case for RRI in ICT. It therefore links the activities along the development process with RRI aspects, such as stakeholder engagement or open access. By taking a business perspective, the study shows that the integration of RRI principles into company processes not only benefits patients, caregivers and other users but can also have benefits for the company, such as competitive advantage. In addition, the case study takes a global perspective and outlines the potential of telemedicine for coping with the global societal challenge of diabetes and secondary diseases which are a major health care problem worldwide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.29297/orbit.v1i3.65","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"93994987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Creating Smart Cities","authors":"Bolz Karsten","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v1i3.66","DOIUrl":"10.29297/orbit.v1i3.66","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This case study describes the T-City initiative and uses it as a best practice example of how to include Responsible Research and Innovation into the transformation process connected with making cities ‘smart’. The initiative aimed to showcase how modern information and communication technology can sustainably improve the quality of life and community living in the city of Friedrichshafen. Starting with a general description of the initiative the case study then focuses on the project area ‘Health and Support’ and examines two specific projects to illustrate best practice for Responsible Research and Innovation. It shows that the goals and perspectives of different stakeholders can be united and that win-win-situations can be generated. The T-City initiative was an inclusive approach in which societal actors worked together during innovation processes and became mutually responsive to each other to co-create the smart city of Friedrichshafen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.29297/orbit.v1i3.66","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"112971439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Ethical Analysis of Personal Health Monitoring in the UK","authors":"Mittelstadt Brent","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v1i3.69","DOIUrl":"10.29297/orbit.v1i3.69","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recent years have seen an influx of medical technologies capable of remotely monitoring the health and behaviours of individuals to detect, manage and prevent health problems. Known collectively as ‘Personal Health Monitoring’ (PHM), these systems are intended to supplement medical care with health monitoring outside traditional care environments such as hospitals. In the face of ageing demographics across the EU, such technologies are seen as a promising way to close the predicted gap between healthcare demand and resources. Medical care and monitoring currently provided by humans may be supplemented by technological monitoring, creating new ways of delivering healthcare to the elderly, homebound, chronically ill and healthy alike. However, the implications of introducing technological monitoring into healthcare need to be considered in greater detail before the technologies are widely used. PHM allows for greater collection of personal health data about users, which may raise ethical concerns. As an emerging technology with the potential for widespread usage across Europe and beyond, the opportunity remains for PHM to be developed and deployed responsibly by adhering to the principles of Responsible Research &amp; Innovation (RRI). To contribute to this process an interview study with potential users and healthcare professionals was carried out in the UK. Twenty-one stakeholders were interviewed from patient groups and healthcare professionals representing medical conditions targeted by PHM: diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dementia. A series of recommendations on how to address the ethical implications and concerns of stakeholders are provided for members of industry responsible for developing PHM devices and services. Nine recommendations were identified:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p&gt;Offer devices and services with user feedback and recommendations for better health&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p&gt;Limit user access to raw monitoring data&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p&gt;Offer multiple levels of summarised feedback to users&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p&gt;Create open channels of communication with users&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p&gt;Do not view monitors as a replacement for staff&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p&gt;Give users control over their devices&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p&gt;Capture contextual information to support monitoring data&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p&gt;Take a minimal approach to contextual data&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p&gt;Discuss the extent and implications of monitoring with users&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;The work described here is a first broad step in the RRI process which can contribute to the development and deployment of any PHM devices and services. The study can be understood as a broad ethical foresight study achieved through engagement with PHM stakeholders, including patients, doctors and healthcare organisations. Each ","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.29297/orbit.v1i3.69","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"100179672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issues of Implied Trust in Ethical Hacking","authors":"Thomas Georg,&nbsp;Burmeister Oliver,&nbsp;Low Gregory","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v2i1.77","DOIUrl":"10.29297/orbit.v2i1.77","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper discusses the issues of implied trust in ethical hacking. Unlike many other long-established professions, such as lawyers, doctors, and accountants; ethical hacking is a relatively new profession. As a result, this profession does not currently have a uniformed or mandated code, nor does it require any form of licensing. Because ethical hackers could gain access to highly sensitive and confidential information and there is potential for misuse of such information, the need to ensure professionalism is maintained through ensuring competence and ethical behavior is critical.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.29297/orbit.v2i1.77","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114267930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RRI in Industry","authors":"Stahl Bernd","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v1i3.64","DOIUrl":"10.29297/orbit.v1i3.64","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The concept of responsible research and innovation has its origin in publicly funded research. Much of the research activities and even more innovation activities which bring products and services happen in private companies. This editorial therefore aims to outline what RRI can mean in industrial complexes and describes the role that ORBIT can play in them. It draws on the work undertaken in the European project ‘Responsible-Industry’ and highlights the question of how the RRI discourse can be translated into a vocabulary familiar to companies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"1 3","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2515856220300304/pdfft?md5=87893a166e2b86820fe0e36f20ea06ca&pid=1-s2.0-S2515856220300304-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"110164644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practicing responsible research and innovation in a crowdsourcing project in Norway","authors":"Fossum Selamawit Molla,&nbsp;Barkved Line,&nbsp;Throne-Holst Harald","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v2i1.82","DOIUrl":"10.29297/orbit.v2i1.82","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper discusses the operationalization of responsible research and innovation (RRI), drawing on empirical materials from a research project that explored ICT-enabled tools and methods for crowdsourcing in urban environmental research and decision- making. An integrated model for RRI is developed from prior studies, in which socially responsible crowdsourcing is described as an iterative and recursive process of inclusion, anticipation, reflexivity and responsiveness on the purpose, process, product and people components of the crowdsourcing project. The paper outlines four important aspects that influence the practice of RRI: time, interdisciplinary skills and capacities, design flexibility of ICT tools and strategic alliances between researchers and public officials. Theoretically, the paper contributes with an integrated conceptual model that further extends the already existing RRI framework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2515856220300225/pdf?md5=daf89b934f16b3b94a74e721d63421c6&pid=1-s2.0-S2515856220300225-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"95117002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Difficult Task of Teaching Computer Ethics to Engineers","authors":"Patrignani Norberto,&nbsp;Kavathatzopoulos Iordanis","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v1i1.20","DOIUrl":"10.29297/orbit.v1i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper addresses the challenges of teaching computer ethics to engineers. The computer professionals are identified as the starting point of the stakeholder's network of ICT and as a consequence it is underlined the importance of computer ethics courses for engineers. To this purpose, a simple four-steps methodology is proposed for teaching computer ethics. The importance of applying the paradigm of complex systems is then described and the three dimensions of Slow Tech (good, clean, and fair ICT) are proposed as a compass for designing complex socio-technical systems. Finally some preliminary results coming from the feedback of about some hundreds students in several years are illustrated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.29297/orbit.v1i1.20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42793831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is professional practice at risk following the Volkswagen and Tesla motors revelations?","authors":"Simon Rogerson","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v1i1.34","DOIUrl":"10.29297/orbit.v1i1.34","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the world in economic crisis the headlong drive for efficiency and effectiveness together with resulting profit is the watchword. Such pressure might have resulted in real gains but has also led to unscrupulous or reckless actions. The tempering of such drive with ethical consideration is often neglected until there is a detrimental event causing public outcry which in turn places pressure on the actors to account for the reasons the event had occurred. This cause and effect map is commonplace. The Volkswagen emissions scandal and Tesla Motors public beta testing of the Autopilot software in their cars illustrate the drive for efficiency and effectiveness without proper ethical consideration. This paper focuses on the role of software engineers in such situations. An ethical analysis of the two cases is presented using the Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice. The findings, together with previously published analyses, are used to draw general conclusions and recommendations about the efficacy of the software engineering profession.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.29297/orbit.v1i1.34","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49552851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ORBIT Self-Assessment Tool","authors":"Bernd Carsten Stahl","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v1i2.59","DOIUrl":"10.29297/orbit.v1i2.59","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The self-assessment tool is one of the services provided by the ORBIT project. This editorial explains the background and principles of implementation and discusses the current state of development. It reviews possible strengths and weaknesses and charts the course of further development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.29297/orbit.v1i2.59","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49536647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More rational discourse for designing information systems","authors":"Tuikka Anne-Marie,&nbsp;Koskinen Jani","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v1i1.15","DOIUrl":"10.29297/orbit.v1i1.15","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article analyses the possibilities of using Habermasian rational discourse for designing information systems. We start by conceptualizing, how Habermasian rational discourse and participatory action research could be used for designing information systems. Then we question our initial concept based on our experiences and reflections from ongoing research project which aims to design new governmental information systems for parents of disabled children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2515856220300602/pdf?md5=fb9f2c2d899c10ec1922a09d5e9ed170&pid=1-s2.0-S2515856220300602-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42513298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}