Fukuta Yasunori, Murata Kiyoshi, A. Adams Andrew, Orito Yohko, Lara Palma Ana María
{"title":"Personal Data Sensitivity in Japan","authors":"Fukuta Yasunori, Murata Kiyoshi, A. Adams Andrew, Orito Yohko, Lara Palma Ana María","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v1i2.40","DOIUrl":"10.29297/orbit.v1i2.40","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate how ordinary Japanese people perceive and understand data sensitivity and sensitive data. Although the concept of sensitive data is described in an article of Japan’s revised personal data act, following the EU Data Protection Directive and the new data protection rule, there has been little research on whether this legally defined concept conforms to the general public’s perception of sensitive data in Japan and, if not, what differences exist between them. Using empirical data acquired through a questionnaire survey and appropriate statistical methods, we sought to clarify empirically the features of data sensitivity as perceived by ordinary Japanese people. This exploratory research revealed that ordinary Japanese tended to feel relatively low sensitivity to personal data related to their civic activities, which are typically mentioned in the official explanation of sensitive data, but they tended to feel a higher degree of sensitivity regarding financial-related personal data, which were not ordinarily considered sensitive data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2515856220300432/pdf?md5=1cfe3d158cb25a6584f7f80fd2f37841&pid=1-s2.0-S2515856220300432-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69883309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"By Design","authors":"Jensen Thessa","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v1i2.47","DOIUrl":"10.29297/orbit.v1i2.47","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In lieu of an abstract a few words of warning.</p><p>This story was originally written as a fanfiction. It has been cleared from explicit sex scenes, but might still challenge both the reader’s expectations for a fictional story and the very idea of a story exploring ethical design issues.</p><p>The following tags and trigger warnings would be applied for this story on a fanfiction site:</p><p>Suicidal Thoughts; Apparent Suicide; No Character Death; Artificial Intelligence; Angst; Hurt/Comfort.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2515856220300481/pdf?md5=3f513dd5198e18924f91d407840017c5&pid=1-s2.0-S2515856220300481-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"102415661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From a Science Fiction to the Reality","authors":"Murata Kiyoshi, A. Adams Andrew, Fukuta Yasunori, Orito Yohko, Arias-Oliva Mario, Pelegrin-Borondo Jorge","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v1i2.42","DOIUrl":"10.29297/orbit.v1i2.42","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study deals with young people’s attitudes towards and social acceptance of “cyborg technology” including wearables and insideables (or implantable devices) to enhance human ability in Japan as part of the international research project on cyborg ethics, taking Japanese socio-cultural characteristics surrounding cyborg technology into consideration. Those subjects were investigated through questionnaire surveys of Japanese university students, which was conducted in November and December 2016. The survey results demonstrated respondents’ relatively low resistance to using wearables and insideables to improve human physical ability and intellectual power. On the other hand, the morality of insideables were questioned by respondents. In various aspects, statistically significant differences in attitudes towards the technologies between genders were detected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.29297/orbit.v1i2.42","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43824082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Smart City Transcendent","authors":"Dainow Brandt","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v1i1.27","DOIUrl":"10.29297/orbit.v1i1.27","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper provides a conception of the smart city which takes into account what the smart city brings into the world which is new and original. This approach provides a means of dealing with the complex influences humans and digital systems will have on each other in the mature smart cities of the future. I will first review traditional accounts of the smart city and derive from them the essential characteristics common to these visions. I will then show how these characteristics can be best understood through Actor-network theory and construct an account of the smart city as an autopoietic system in which humans and devices are co- constituting actants. Finally, I shall develop this into an original conception of the smart city as a new type of thing - an “integrated domain.”</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.29297/orbit.v1i1.27","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69883302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Callisto As a Value Agent","authors":"Stephen Lilley, Amanda Moras","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v1i2.41","DOIUrl":"10.29297/orbit.v1i2.41","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we offer a case study of Callisto, an online site for sexual assault reporting, to highlight innovations in value design. We compare Callisto first to ordinary reporting systems, second to value design projects in computer/information system engineering, and third to large scale social movements and social media enterprises. Callisto stands out from other systems based on its exceptional value agency- a measure of a system’s societal reach, resource commitment, and value design engineering. As such, it provides a model for human rights and social justice campaigns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2515856220300444/pdf?md5=f78c24305ae0a857034d9ef98ed59340&pid=1-s2.0-S2515856220300444-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69883543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Incorporating a Critical Reasoning Component into the ICT–Ethics Methodological Framework","authors":"Herman T. Tavani","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v1i2.55","DOIUrl":"10.29297/orbit.v1i2.55","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Is the standard/classic applied–ethics model used by philosophers adequate for analyzing issues in information and communication technology (ICT) ethics? A number of critics have argued that it is not, claiming instead that we need to revise and possibly also expand upon that model. In the various proposals advanced so far, however, no one has questioned whether we need to include an explicit critical reasoning (CR) component as part of an adequate ICT–ethics methodological framework. The purpose of the present study is to show why having such a component is not only useful but perhaps critical to ICT–ethics analysis. After defining what I mean by CR, and describing how it differs significantly from both formal logic and critical thinking, I show why incorporating a CR component can help us to achieve four of our key objectives as ICT–ethics professionals/instructors. First, CR provides us with a clear and systematic method for spotting logical fallacies, some of which might not initially seem either obvious or intuitive, in the various arguments that have been advanced to influence social policies affecting ICT. Second, CR provides us with techniques for testing our own arguments to ensure that they do not contain any logical fallacies. Third, CR provides us with a clear and fairly rigorous methodology for not only avoiding fallacies but also for constructing strong arguments to defend the views we advance. Finally, infusing a CR component into ICT–ethics courses will aid instructors in teaching their students how to detect and avoid logical fallacies, as well as teaching them how to construct strong arguments to defend their own positions on issues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2515856220300523/pdf?md5=427ad8c87a415048381ac9667118a5ee&pid=1-s2.0-S2515856220300523-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69883618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The ORBIT Journal- An Online Journal for Responsible Research and Innovation in ICT","authors":"Stahl Bernd, Jirotka Marina","doi":"10.29297/orbit.v1i1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29297/orbit.v1i1.29","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101247,"journal":{"name":"The ORBIT Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2515856220300717/pdfft?md5=4b71dc19664257748955c1c53d490ad8&pid=1-s2.0-S2515856220300717-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137063233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}