The Microbe最新文献

{"title":"Livestock waste: A hidden source of extracellular clinically relevant high-risk antibiotic resistance genes in the environment","authors":"Periyasamy Sivalingam ,&nbsp;Dhanraj Ganapathy ,&nbsp;John Poté","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2026.100664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2026.100664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to last-resort antibiotics endangering the ability to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, identifying every source of resistance is essential. One such source is livestock waste. Since livestock are heavily treated with antibiotics, they provide an ideal environment for the enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Livestock wastes are considered one of the primary reservoirs of ARGs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in the environment. Research into livestock waste antibiotic resistance has generally focused on intracellular ARGs (iARGs), which are located inside cells. ARGs can, however, also be found in extracellular DNA (eDNA), the outer cell DNA. The extent to which eDNA encodes extracellular ARGs (eARGs) and extracellular mobile genetic elements (eMGEs) in livestock wastes and mobilizes them in the environment remains unclear. Nevertheless, recent research has revealed that eDNA from livestock wastes can also play a vital role in disseminating antibiotic resistance in the environment. Therefore, addressing the role of eDNA from livestock waste in ARG dissemination is crucial for developing comprehensive strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. Taken together, this review provides comprehensive information on eDNA antibiotic resistance from the perspective of livestock wastes as sources of eARGs and the efficacy of different existing treatment processes that affect ARG abundances (both iARGs and eARGs), microbial communities, and the removal of eARGs. In addition, the review proposes future research directions to curb antibiotic resistance by understanding the fate of eARGs in livestock waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of salt-tolerant Staphylococcus spp. as plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhancing rice seedling growth under salinity stress","authors":"Mahmuda Begum,&nbsp;Ronjon Chandra Paul,&nbsp;Papon Chandra Paul,&nbsp;Kazi MD. Shihabul Islam,&nbsp;Ajit Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2026.100675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2026.100675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits crop productivity worldwide, especially in coastal areas where climate change and seawater intrusion are worsening soil salinization. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offer an eco-friendly solution to reduce salinity effects by improving nutrient uptake, osmotic balance, and antioxidant defenses in plants. This study aimed to isolate and characterize salt-tolerant PGPR from soils in Sylhet, Bangladesh, and assess their ability to improve rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> cv. BRRI Dhan-29) growth under salt stress. Fifty-five bacterial isolates were collected; 11 of these tolerated salinity levels up to 20 % NaCl and displayed multiple PGP traits. Four strains, such as AT-2, AW-2, M-15, and F-6, showed superior performance in forming biofilm (up to 2 M NaCl) and producing indole-3-acetic acid (up to 8.94 mg/mL), ammonia (up to 5.88 mg/mL), and exopolysaccharides (0.40 mg at 2 M NaCl). Inoculating rice seedlings with these strains improved growth under both normal and saline (200 mM NaCl) conditions, increasing root length by up to 68 %, shoot length by 37 %, and total chlorophyll content by approximately 50 %, while decreasing hydrogen peroxide accumulation by up to 34 %. Molecular identification by 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed these isolates as <em>Staphylococcus</em> species, revealing their new role as PGPR capable of enhancing salt-stress tolerance in rice. These results highlight the potential of native, salt-tolerant bacterial strains as sustainable bioinoculants to boost crop resilience in saline-affected areas. Although this strain is known as a human and animal pathogen, we identified it as a PGPR that can improve salt-stress resilience in rice plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico analysis of entomopathogenic fungal (Metarhizium spp. and Beauveria bassiana) metabolites for Coptotermes spp. (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) control","authors":"Harsh Pratap Singh Kushwah ,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar Mahanta ,&nbsp;Charishma Krishnappa ,&nbsp;Arun Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Sumit Jangra","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Termites play a crucial role in decomposition and nitrogen cycling within tropical forests. Nonetheless, termite infestations significantly damage natural and man-made structures. This study emphasizes the development of biological techniques to reduce termite prevalence. Many dependable and effective biological methods have focused on employing fungi, bacteria, and viruses. This study evaluated the efficacy of two entomopathogenic fungi, <em>Metarhizium</em> spp. and <em>Beauveria bassiana</em>, against <em>Coptotermes</em> spp., aiming to identify metabolites with the strongest anti-termite activity. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations were employed to understand the binding mechanism of fungal metabolites with termite proteins. Secondary metabolites, including Bassianin and Tenellin, exhibited the highest affinity for the termite protein Cytochrome P450, with binding scores between −8.3 and −5.8 kcal/mol. The high deformity index, validated through molecular dynamics modeling, confirmed the structural stability and strong binding interaction between the ligands and the target protein. Ecological and environmental toxicity predictions using ProTox-3.0 and the ChemFREE web server classified these secondary metabolites as least toxic to humans (Class IV and V). Furthermore, ecological risk assessment indicated that they are non-toxic to non-target organisms, such as bees and mammals. This study demonstrates the potential of in silico screening for identifying bioactive metabolites from entomopathogenic fungi. These findings provide a molecular basis for developing eco-friendly biopesticides for sustainable termite management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100628"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological activity and preliminary safety assessment of the nitrobenzoate derivative methyl 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2,6-dinitrobenzoate (MMDB): Antimicrobial, redox and developmental toxicity profiles in vitro and in zebrafish","authors":"Gagandeep Singh ,&nbsp;Pragati Vishwakarma ,&nbsp;Aditya Raj ,&nbsp;Soni Rani ,&nbsp;Soma M. Ghorai ,&nbsp;Padmshree Mudgal ,&nbsp;Gururaj M. Shivashimpi ,&nbsp;Smriti Tandon ,&nbsp;Hemant Soni ,&nbsp;Vandana Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2026.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2026.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methyl 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2,6-dinitrobenzoate (MMDB), a derivative of Methyl 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate, was synthesized to assess its antimicrobial potential and preliminary safety profile against clinically relevant pathogens and human cell systems. The study systematically evaluated MMDB’s antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal), antioxidant (DPPH RSA), and anti-inflammatory (BSA denaturation assay) activity, as well as the toxicological properties in three human cell lines and the zebrafish model. MMDB showed remarkable antibacterial activity against multiple Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, including multi-drug-resistant strains with MIC as low as 50 µg/mL and antifungal activity against <em>Candida albicans</em>, <em>Penicillium notatum</em> and <em>Aspergillus niger</em> at the concentrations ranging from 1000 to 1500 µg/mL. It also showed moderately antioxidant activity (59.74%) and weak anti-inflammatory activity (31.3%). Cytotoxicity investigations across multiple cell lines (HEK293T, 4T1, and MDA-MB-231) and zebrafish toxicity evaluations revealed a favorable safety profile, with minimal adverse effects observed at therapeutic concentrations while dose-dependent toxicity at higher concentrations, providing crucial insights into the MMDB's developmental and systemic toxicity safety profiling, supporting its potential for future clinical applications through careful lead optimization by SAR and subsequent dose optimization. These comprehensive findings position MMDB as a promising lead compound with potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity, which can be further optimized to reduce the toxicity at higher doses. Future studies should focus on the lead optimization of MMDB, its mechanistic studies and advanced pre-clinical and clinical studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio spp. in the shrimp retail trade in Northwest Mexico","authors":"Joe Luis Arias-Moscoso ,&nbsp;Francisco Cadena-Cadena ,&nbsp;Alba Rocio Ochoa-Meza ,&nbsp;Leandris Argentel-Martinez ,&nbsp;Ofelda Peñuelas-Rubio ,&nbsp;Dulce Alondra Cuevas-Acuña ,&nbsp;Frank Denis Torres-Huaco ,&nbsp;Maritza Noemi Valdenebro-Gonzalez","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2026.100674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2026.100674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Northwest Mexico represents one of the leading production regions for white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), making it an important activity for the regional economy and national food security. Although much of the shrimp is exported, it is also sold in local markets. In these markets, there are often problems with how the shrimp is handled and stored, causing harmful bacteria, like <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em>, <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>, and <em>Vibrio alginolyticus</em>, to grow quickly. Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (<em>AMR</em>) is a serious problem in Mexico and worldwide. It affects public health, aquaculture production, and food safety. Ninety-four different types of Vibrio bacteria were tested against 16 different antibiotics. <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> was highly resistant to chloramphenicol (81.25 %) and tetracycline (56.25 %), while <em>V. cholerae</em> was resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and ampicillin (76.47 %). <em>V. alginolyticus</em> showed lower levels of resistance. In addition, genes that cause disease, such as <em>pirA/B, tdh, trh,</em> and <em>VpadF</em>, which are linked to intensive aquaculture in northwestern Mexico, and genes that resist antibiotics, such as <em>qnrVC457, strA, blaCARB</em>, <em>cat</em>, and <em>tetA</em>, were identified, especially in <em>V. cholerae</em> and <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>. These findings show that we must take more decisive action to control and monitor antimicrobial use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative and quantitative estimation of beta-glucan (β-1,3-glucan) extracted from keratitis causing Fusarium spp.","authors":"Swati Madhu ,&nbsp;Pinal Trivedi ,&nbsp;Suraj Shukla ,&nbsp;Ratika Srivastava ,&nbsp;Devarshi Gajjar","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2026.100678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2026.100678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Keratitis is a corneal inflammation caused by invasion of the epithelium, stroma, and endothelium. <em>Fusarium</em> is the predominant fungal pathogen associated with keratitis, with β-1,3-glucan may contribute to species-complex specific inflammatory responses in fungal keratitis. This study aimed to quantify, characterize, and evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of β-1,3-glucan in various clinical isolates. The study involved 15 isolates for β-1,3-glucan quantification using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Congo red assays, followed by characterization using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Quantitative expression of genes contributing to β-glucan synthesis was done for <em>Fusarium solani</em> species complex (FSSC) isolates and immunomodulatory effects of mycelia and extracted β-glucan were studied. Among the 2 major groups FSSC and <em>Fusarium dimerum</em> species complex (FDSC) studied, the β-glucan concentration lies in a narrow range in FSSC but in the case of FDSC, the β-glucan concentration varies highly among the studied isolates. Also, this study reported the expression of glucanases and glucan synthase genes in two FSSC isolates with the highest and lowest β-glucan content. Lastly, it was shown that FDSC (CSH-4) beta- glucan &amp; mycelia induced more TNF alpha production compared to FSSC (CSH5). This work investigates the biochemical and genetic landscape of beta-1,3-glucan in Fusarium genus, revealing species-complex-specific glucan profiles and immunogenicity. Our research indicates that the varying cell wall compositions of FDSC and FSSC species complexes significantly impact host inflammatory intensity, with beta-1,3-glucan being a key modulator of clinical severity in fungal keratitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm forming and swarming activities of Bacillus cereus modulated by multiclass compounds","authors":"Abdul Rafay Rafiq ,&nbsp;Mohsin Tariq ,&nbsp;Syeda Tahseen Zahra ,&nbsp;Temoor Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bacillus cereus,</em> a prominent biofilm-former associated with agriculture, biofouling, and infections, is profoundly influenced by environmental chemicals. However, a systematic assessment of the impact of multiclass compounds on its biofilm-forming capacity has been lacking. This study evaluated the effects of nineteen environmentally relevant compounds on biofilm development and swarming motility in two environmental <em>B. cereus</em> isolates. These effects were quantified via parameters such as crystal violet absorbance (OD₅₇₀), biofilm volume, wet weight, EPS-encased bacterial abundance, and swarming diameters, followed by qualitative assessment of biofilm morphotypes and swarming patterns. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc test and Pearson correlation. Results ranged from complete inhibition to strong enhancement. Citric acid, copper sulfate, iron(III) chloride, and malic acid completely inhibited all parameters in both strains. In contrast, several compounds increased these parameters (46–1136 %). WGT2 was notably more responsive to treatments and formed submerged biofilms with eight compounds versus five for WGT1 revealing strain-specific differences. Quantitative biofilm parameters were strongly and positively intercorrelated, and all parameters correlated with swarming (r = 0.66–0.92, p &lt; 0.05), indicating a close association between motility and biofilm development. These findings show that common environmental chemicals can profoundly—and strain-dependently—modulate <em>B. cereus</em> biofilms. The identified inhibitors and inducers provide a basis for targeted biofilm control and optimization in research, industrial, and clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100644"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichoderma species and their consortia vary in their ability to regulate tomato growth and restore bacterial richness in severely disturbed soil","authors":"Ananda Y. Bandara,&nbsp;Seogchan Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2026.100685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2026.100685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Certain <em>Trichoderma</em> species are known for their biocontrol and plant growth-promoting properties. However, their inconsistent performance across production systems remains a major barrier to widespread adoption, highlighting the need to understand the factors that influence their efficacy. Here, we examined how <em>T. harzianum</em> (<em>Th</em>) and <em>T. virens</em> (<em>Tv</em>), and their equal mix (<em>Tvh</em>) affect tomato growth and rhizosphere bacterial communities. We also assessed whether volatile compounds (VCs) emitted by altered bacterial communities influence the growth of <em>Trichoderma</em> and <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, a soilborne fungal pathogen of diverse crop species. Additionally, tomato plants grown in autoclaved soil (AS) were treated with <em>Th</em>, <em>Tv</em>, and <em>Tvh</em> to evaluate their effects in a soil with severely disrupted microbial communities. Amplicon metagenomics and culturing revealed that <em>Tv</em> and <em>Tvh</em> competitively excluded rhizosphere bacteria in non-autoclaved soil (NAS) but partially restored bacterial richness in AS. The <em>Tv</em> and <em>Tvh</em> treatments significantly enhanced tomato growth in both AS and NAS. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed bacterial taxa that potentially interact positively or negatively with <em>Tv</em> and <em>Th</em>, suggesting that rhizosphere bacteria may influence the plant growth-promoting ability of these <em>Trichoderma</em> spp. by affecting their abundance and persistence. VCs emitted by the culturable bacterial fractions following different <em>Trichoderma</em> treatments did not significantly impact the <em>in vitro</em> growth of <em>Trichoderma</em> or <em>F. oxysporum</em>. Overall, our findings suggested that certain <em>Trichoderma</em> species can engineer rhizosphere bacterial communities to support tomato growth and restore microbial richness in severely disturbed soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100685"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on enhancing crop resilience in adverse environmental conditions: Unveiling the action between plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and crops","authors":"Nishtha R. Vaghela,&nbsp;Vivek B. Jotaniya,&nbsp;Sangeeta D. Gohel","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many unfavourable environmental factors such as drought, excessive salt, heat, acidity, cold, and biotic stresses, hinder plant development and agricultural productivity. One of the complex networks of microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere is plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which alleviates these stress-induced limitations. To boost plant resilience, PGPR employ a variety of adaptation strategies, including enhanced water uptake, nutrient mobilization, modulation of phytohormones such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA), and cytokinins, and activation of stress resistance mechanisms through enzymes like 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and antioxidant enzymes. This review highlights the positive effects of PGPR on plant growth and development under various stress conditions. Rhizobacteria significantly enhance photosynthesis by preserving chlorophyll content, improving stomatal regulation, and maintaining photosystem efficiency under abiotic stress. Moreover, PGPR promote sustainable farming practices by reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide dependence through biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and natural biocontrol of phytopathogens. Additionally, this review identifies major research gaps, challenges in field application, and commercialization hurdles that limit the large-scale implementation of PGPR-based technologies. Future research should emphasize strain optimization, bioformulation improvement, and long-term field validation to translate laboratory findings into effective, scalable solutions for climate-resilient and sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Lassa fever through a one health lens: How climate, land use, and poverty shape transmission in Nigeria","authors":"Polycarp Dauda Madaki ,&nbsp;Chiara Frazzoli ,&nbsp;Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha ,&nbsp;Danladi Chiroma Husaini ,&nbsp;Orish Ebere Orisakwe","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2025.100649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lassa fever (LF) is a zoonotic viral hemorrhagic disease endemic in West Africa, whose outbreaks are increasingly shaped by environmental and socio-ecological changes. Understanding these drivers within a One Health framework is critical for predictive control. This study has systematically identified and synthesized evidence on climatic, ecological, and socio-environmental determinants of Lassa fever transmission in Nigeria. Following PRISMA 2020 standards and a PROSPERO-registered protocol (CRD420251139166), we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and AJOL for studies published between 2000 and 2025. Eligible studies examined climatic, ecological, or socio-environmental determinants of LF in humans or rodent reservoirs. Quality appraisal used JBI, NOS, and PROBAST tools. Due to methodological heterogeneity, results were narratively synthesized. Of 445 records screened, 57 studies were included. Our synthesis identified three key findings. Socio-environmental factors particularly poor housing (aOR = 1.94) and unsafe food storage were the most consistent and proximal drivers of human risk. Climatic drivers, especially lagged rainfall (e.g., +0.62 % increase in the reproduction number <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> per 1 mm rainfall at 7-month lag), robustly predicted seasonal outbreaks. Ecological changes like agricultural expansion and urbanization (OR = 23.3) increased spillover risk, whereas greater rodent biodiversity was associated with lower risk (OR = 0.85), suggesting a potential 'dilution effect' that requires further validation. Lassa fever transmission in Nigeria arises from interacting climatic, ecological, and socio-economic conditions. Integrated One Health surveillance combining environmental data, rodent ecology, and social determinants is essential for early warning and sustainable outbreak control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}