The Microbe最新文献

{"title":"Combating vibriosis in Penaeus monodon culture system by administration of endophytic Penicillium citrinum SW171 extract that confers better growth and protection","authors":"Manomi Sarasan ,&nbsp;Divya T. Babu ,&nbsp;M.V. Anju ,&nbsp;Bhavya Kachiprath ,&nbsp;Jayesh Puthumana ,&nbsp;Neema Job ,&nbsp;Swapna P. Antony ,&nbsp;Rosamma Philip","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The black tiger shrimp, <em>Penaeus monodon,</em> has been a key species in the development and expansion of intensive shrimp aquaculture worldwide. The problem of disease susceptibility in <em>P. monodon,</em> particularly vibriosis caused by <em>Vibrio harveyi</em>, poses a significant threat and leads to substantial economic losses. To combat bacterial infections, researchers are exploring the antimicrobial potential of microbes from unique environments, like algicolous endophytes. In this study, we investigated the <em>in vivo</em> exclusion of <em>Vibrio</em> in <em>P. monodon</em> post-larvae using an extract from the endophytic fungus <em>Penicillium citrinum</em> SW171 (PCE), evaluating its impact on disease resistance, growth, and survival. Crude endophytic extract was administered both via feed and rearing water for 28 days before the challenge with <em>V. harveyi</em>. Treatment with PCE improved the water quality of rearing water by significantly reducing ammonia and nitrate levels compared to the control. This treatment notably decreased <em>Vibrio</em> colonies without substantial alteration in the overall microbial load of the rearing water. Moreover, the endophytic extract not only inhibited pathogens but also enhanced productivity, as evidenced by improved growth rates (1272 ± 20.8 and 1109.02 ± 28.4 mg) compared to the control (1026.02 ± 33.8 mg). Transcript levels of the immune-related genes i.e., <em>anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF), crustin, penaeidin, prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme (PPA), phagocytosis-activating protein (PAP), lysozyme-like, ferritin, haemocyanin, lectin,</em> and <em>survivin</em>, were assessed in post-larvae using qRT-PCR. Extract treatment led to significant up-regulation of all genes except <em>PPA, survivin</em> and <em>ALF</em>. The cumulative survival rate of the group orally treated with PCE was 66.9 %, while that of water treatment was 64.5 %, significantly higher than that of the control group. The higher growth rate and post-challenge survival of <em>P. monodon</em> larvae point towards the immunostimulatory and antibacterial properties of endophytic <em>P. citrinum</em> extract which can be exploited in aquaculture for better production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection and characterization of Rift Valley fever virus in arthropod vectors in Nigeria","authors":"Arthur O. Oragwa ,&nbsp;Emmanuel T. Obishakin ,&nbsp;Daniel O. Oluwayelu","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arthropod-borne virus infecting mostly livestock, and sometimes, humans across Africa. It is transmitted primarily by mosquitoes, and occasionally, other arthropod vectors. In this study, arthropod vectors were trapped in Anambra, Benue, Borno and Sokoto States of Nigeria, sorted and pooled according to genera. These vector pools (n = 32), including mosquito (<em>Culex</em> = 17, <em>Aedes</em> = 2, <em>Anopheles</em> = 3 and <em>Mansonia</em> = 3), <em>Culicoides</em> (n = 4) and <em>Phlebotomus</em> (n = 3), were analysed for RVFV using Reverse Transcriptase-nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-nPCR). The RVFV-positive samples were Sanger-sequenced, and the sequence data subjected to nBLAST search, phylogenetic analysis and genotyping. Overall, RVFV was identified in four pools, including one each of <em>Culex, Mansonia, Culicoides</em> and <em>Phlebotomus</em> species. The identified RVFV sequences were closely related, with nucleotide sequence identity of 98.5–99.8 %. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis showed that they clustered with other Nigerian sequences obtained from humans and domestic ruminants, and with the Ugandan Smithburn strain, but differed from other West African reference strains. Genotyping analysis classified them into Lineage-K. This first molecular detection and characterization of RVFV in arthropod vectors in Nigeria confirms its presence in these insects, highlighting the need for effective vector control to avoid RVFV transmission to humans and susceptible animals in the country.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-biofilm potential of red pitahaya betacyanins against Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans","authors":"Allimalar Sathiaseelan,&nbsp;Keang Peng Song,&nbsp;Hock Siew Tan,&nbsp;Wee Sim Choo","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the antibiofilm effects of betacyanin fraction (BF) from red pitahaya against <em>Streptococcus mutans</em>, <em>Actinomyces viscosus</em>, and <em>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</em>, key pathogens in oral biofilm formation. Betacyanin purification employed column chromatography, and characterization was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated significant inhibition of early biofilm formation and disruption of preformed biofilms using BF (0.94–15 mg/mL). Anti-adhesion assays on artificial teeth indicated potent betacyanin-mediated inhibition of both sucrose-dependent and -independent bacterial attachment. Notably, growth curve and pH drop assays revealed that BF hindered pH reduction for all tested bacteria without suppressing their growth. Tetrazolium-based cytotoxicity assays showed minimal toxicity towards normal human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) at 0.78–12.5 mg/mL. These findings demonstrate the potential of red pitahaya betacyanins as promising antibiofilm agents for oral health, targeting both initial and mature stages of biofilm development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the molecular landscape of dengue infection: Insights from gene expression profiling and Protein Interactions","authors":"Afaf S. Alwabli","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dengue fever (DF) is a viral infection recognized as one of the most rapidly spreading vector-borne diseases among humans. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying disease aetiology and potential therapeutic targets remain unclear. This study presents a thorough examination of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) throughout the spectrum of Dengue infection stages, offering insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Through meticulous analysis of DEGs within each infection stage, key genes pertinent to disease progression are identified, highlighting their roles in host-virus interactions. Noteworthy discoveries include the upregulation of IFI27 and USP18 in mild infection, suggesting involvement in viral replication inhibition and host defence, alongside the downregulation of CMTM2, indicating alterations in immune-related functions. Similarly, in severe infection, upregulated genes like IGHV1–69 are linked to illness severity, while downregulated IL-13RA1 signifies disruptions in cytokine signaling. Overlapping DEGs between infection groups unveil shared biological processes, further elucidated through functional enrichment analysis, showcasing coordinated regulation of cellular processes and pathways. Integration of Dengue virus and human interaction network analysis reveals crucial insights into the mechanisms by which the virus mediates the disease progression and offers potential therapeutic opportunities for disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B viral infection and its common genotype circulation: A molecular approach","authors":"Asad Ullah Khan ,&nbsp;Mujaddad Ur Rehman ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ikram ,&nbsp;Muhammad Zahoor ,&nbsp;Azam Hayat ,&nbsp;Renald Blundell","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the causes of liver infection and associated with cirrhosis, carcinoma, and fibrosis of liver. In this research study, we conducted an observational study to evaluate the distribution of HBV infection and its genotypes in selected cities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 426 samples were collected from selected cities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Mardan (n = 163), Dir (Lower) (n = 116), Malakand (n = 53), Miran Shah (n = 29), Dera Ismail Khan (n = 28), Swat (n = 22), and Hangu (n = 15). For molecular identification of hepatitis B virus infection, the ICT (Immunochromatographic techniques) kits were used for the Screening of Hepatitis B virus infection among general population. The positive samples of ICT test were further subjected to Real-time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), of which 282 (66.2 %) were males, and 144 (33.8 %) were females. Out of 426 ICT kit positive samples, 218 (51.18 %) were found PCR positive. The maximum number of positive cases, 157 (36.86 %), was found between 15 and 34 years. Sixty samples were further processed for HBV genotyping. A mixed genotype was detected in 29 (48.3 %) individuals, followed by genotype D in 23 (38.3 %) and untypable in 8 (13.3 %). The positivity rate of HBV was recorded high among males compared to females. Most patients who reported positive for HBV were co-infected with two genotypes. This research will help to provide background information to government and health authorities to raise public awareness and improve the capacity of the healthcare delivery system for hepatitis B virus infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From formulation to function: A detailed review of microbial biofilms and their polymer-based extracellular substances","authors":"Baljeet Singh Saharan ,&nbsp;Nisha Beniwal ,&nbsp;Joginder Singh Duhan","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial biofilms are organized bacterial populations that stick to surfaces and are encased in an extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biofilms can form on both animate and inanimate surfaces and are acknowledged for their resilience against environmental stresses and antimicrobial agents. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are responsible for establishing the structural and functional integrity of microbial biofilms. The primary constituents of EPS discharged into the environment by microorganisms consist of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and extracellular DNA (eDNA). Mature biofilms have viscoelastic properties as a result of the presence of exopolysaccharides and eDNA. This characteristic makes it difficult to detach the biofilm from the underlying surface, even under intense mechanical pressure or continuous fluid shear stress. Factors including species, substrate type, light intensity, temperature, pH, and nutrition availability might influence the composition of EPS. Several researchers have examined the structure and interrelationships of the EPS matrix derived from bacterial biofilms of <em>A. baumannii, E. faecalis, Entercoccus.</em> spp<em>, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae,</em> and <em>S. aureus.</em> The most common carbohydrates are mannose, galactose, and glucose, with N-acetyl-glucosamine, galacturonic acid, arabinose, fucose, rhamnose, and xylose being present in large quantities. In addition to this, biofilms have several applications across various disciplines of biology. So, this review emphasize on the formation and function of bioflim.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucormycosis in the nasal cavity of a canary (Serinus canaria) caused by Lichtheimia corymbifera","authors":"S.I. Garijo ,&nbsp;M.A. Tizzano ,&nbsp;J.A. Origlia ,&nbsp;F.J. Reynaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A canary (<em>Serinus canaria</em>) that was presented for consultation due to alterations in its beak and slight deterioration in its general condition, revealed during clinical examination the presence of a large rhinolith in the left nasal opening, which also had its margins markedly distended due to chronic lysis of its edges. The rhinolith was extracted but the bird died days later. Cytological evaluations and isolation in pure culture were carried out from the extracted rhinolith, all of whom supported the diagnosis of mucormycosis, which was later confirmed by molecular techniques. The product obtained by PCR was subsequently sequenced, resulting in a 98 % homology with <em>Lichteimia corymbifera.</em> Although mucormycosis affecting the nasal cavity has been diagnosed with some frequency in humans, it is reported for the first time in birds in the present work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological assessment of bioaerosols in the residential areas of Dhaka City, Bangladesh","authors":"Irana Mahjabeen ,&nbsp;Sharmin Zaman Emon ,&nbsp;Nishat Tasnim ,&nbsp;Shahid Akhtar Hossain ,&nbsp;Md.Anowar Hosen ,&nbsp;Md.Mominul Islam ,&nbsp;Muhammad Nurul Huda ,&nbsp;Md. Tanvir Ahmed Chowdhury","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study looked at particulate matter (PM10) in terms of its microbiological features and how bacterial populations are related to PM10. It also tested the antibiotic resistance of different types of microbes that live in PM10. We conducted the study in six different locations (Badda, Chittagong Road, Basabo, Jurain, Mirpur, and Gulshan) of Dhaka city, taking into account residential and commercially important areas, traffic congestion, and infrastructure development. The microbiological study revealed that Bacillus spp. and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. were primarily present in PM10. The study also revealed that the total bacterial count (46585±1226.8 CFU/m³) of the Badda zone is higher than in another area. Similar findings were also observed in the case of Bacillus spp. (15625±5729 CFU/m³), <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. (18518±5730 CFU/m³), and total fungal count (726852± 98209 CFU/m³). Moreover, a positive correlation was observed among Bacillus spp. and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. vs. mean PM10 concentration, which implies that airborne microbes in Dhaka city are likely to propagate with the increase of dust concentration. The antibiotic sensitivity assay of Bacillus spp. and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. revealed that all the <em>Bacillus</em> spp. (n=16) and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. (n=3) were resistant to Ceftazidime (30 µg), Oxacillin (1 µg) and Cefixime (5 µg). So, the research findings highlighted the increased levels of Bacillus spp. and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. than the international standard in PM10 of Dhaka city, suggesting potential health risks and indicating antibiotic resistance among these bacterial strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaultheria procumbens essential oil longevity and oxidant/antioxidant status of silver catfish Rhamdia quelen experimentally infected by Aeromonas caviae","authors":"Camila Marina Verdi ,&nbsp;Matheus Dellaméa Baldissera ,&nbsp;Vanessa Schopf Machado ,&nbsp;Carine Freitas Milarch ,&nbsp;Eduardo Nascimento Correa de Andrade ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Aguiar Dantas ,&nbsp;Bernardo Baldisseroto ,&nbsp;Roberto Christ Vianna Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increase in bacterial resistance in animals and the buildup of antimicrobials in animal meat pose significant nutritional and economic challenges. Given this context, this study explored the potential of <em>Gaultheria procumbens</em> essential oil (GPEO) as a sustainable alternative for aquaculture, focusing on its effects against <em>Rhamdia quelen</em> infected with <em>Aeromonas caviae</em>. Longevity tests revealed that <em>R. quelen</em>, when treated with 5 and 10 µL/L of GPEO, displayed significantly improved survival rates compared to both the untreated infected control group and those treated with ethanol. To understand the mechanisms behind the increased survival, a subsequent experiment with a 10 µL/L GPEO treatment aimed to investigate the oxidative stress pathway. This involved measuring levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), alongside enzyme activities for superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase. Our findings showed elevated TBARS and ROS levels in the non-infected control group treated with GPEO, suggesting an increase in these enzymes as a response to ROS balance. Therefore, our data indicate that the mechanism leading to enhanced longevity in <em>R. quelen</em> infected and treated with GPEO does not involve the oxidative stress pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus fermentum SNR1: Probiotic efficiency and characterization of the antimicrobial peptide against dental caries and foodborne pathogens","authors":"Ayyanna Repally ,&nbsp;Esakkiraj Palanichamy ,&nbsp;Natwar Jha ,&nbsp;Arul Venkatesan ,&nbsp;Ankaiah Dasari","doi":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.microb.2024.100190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, fermented rice gruel, a traditional food in South Telangana, India, was used as a source for the isolation of biologically significant probiotics. A total of 56 morphologically diverse strains were isolated and screened for their ability to inhibit dental biofilms as well as foodborne and aquaculture bacterial pathogens. Among these, isolate SNR1 was selected for further characterization due to its potential antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens such as <em>Streptococcus mutans, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> and <em>Salmonella typhi.</em> The results of 16S rDNA sequencing showed that isolate SNR1 was closely related to <em>Lactobacillus fermentum</em> strains from different sources. The bacteriocin peptide with potential activity was extracted and purified from the cell-free supernatant using ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel permeation chromatography and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and was named peptide SNR1. Tricine SDS-PAGE followed by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis revealed that the purified peptide had a molecular mass of 4.33 kDa, with the N-terminal sequence identified as MPTTSHFHLSPQGK. The purified peptide SNR1 showed good stability with various physiological enzymes, temperatures and pH conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101246,"journal":{"name":"The Microbe","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}