Tetrahedron Green ChemPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100077
A. Harshavardhan , V.B. Nagaveni , H. Madhu
{"title":"Optical, dye degradation, and electrochemical sensor studies of CeO2 and CuO nanoparticles by pomegranate peel","authors":"A. Harshavardhan , V.B. Nagaveni , H. Madhu","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comparative investigation of cerium oxide (CeO<sub>2</sub>) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles synthesized via the solution combustion method (SCM) using pomegranate peel as a green fuel. The synthesized materials were systematically characterized for their structural, morphological, optical, and electrochemical properties using XRD, SEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and CV techniques. Optical studies were analyzed to understand their functional behaviour, including transmittance, refractive index, dielectric constant, optical conductivity, and absorption coefficient.</div><div>The photocatalytic potential of CeO<sub>2</sub> and CuO was evaluated for the degradation of malachite green under UV light, achieving degradation efficiencies of 97.4 % and 91.56 %, respectively, following first-order kinetics. Additional photocatalytic performance parameters such as half-life (T<sub>1</sub>/<sub>2</sub>), total organic carbon (TOC) removal, pH dependence, scavenger effects, and recyclability were systematically studied. Electrochemical investigations were conducted using a nickel mesh electrode, revealing redox behaviour in 1 M NaOH through cyclic voltammetry (CV) with specific capacitances of 95 F/g (CeO<sub>2</sub>) and 64 F/g (CuO). Diffusion coefficients were determined as 4.365 × 10<sup>−5</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/s for CeO<sub>2</sub> and 3.137 × 10<sup>−5</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/s for CuO. Furthermore, via CV analysis, CeO<sub>2</sub> and CuO were explored as electrochemical sensors for heavy metal detection, demonstrating sensitivity towards mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) in the 1–5 mM range.</div><div>This work highlights the dual functionality of CeO<sub>2</sub> and CuO nanoparticles as effective photocatalysts and electrochemical sensors, offering promising applications in environmental remediation and heavy metal detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visible light photoredox catalyzed controlled oxidative desulfurization of thioureas using CBr4: A new route for the synthesis of thioamidoguanidine","authors":"Babita Yadav , Arvind Kumar Yadav , Garima , Atul Kumar Singh , Vishnu Prabhakar Srivastava , Santosh K. Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An efficient, photo-catalytic synthesis of thioamidoguanidine was developed through oxidative sulfurization of thioureas. The protocol involves the use of Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine)as a photo-catalyst, carbon tetrabromide (CBr<sub>4</sub>) as the oxidizing reagent, and visible light as the source of energy at room temperature. Present reaction offers a practical, base-free, economically cheap reagent, an environmentally benign and safer approach for a variety of anti-Hugelchoff products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron Green ChemPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100067
Sumanjali Kota , Akshay Shivashankar , Tushvitha Dhayakaran , Uthkruthi Munegowda , Bharath K. Devendra
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of SnS2 nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic and electrochemical sensing applications","authors":"Sumanjali Kota , Akshay Shivashankar , Tushvitha Dhayakaran , Uthkruthi Munegowda , Bharath K. Devendra","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a straightforward, cost-effective method for synthesizing Tin Sulfide (SnS<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles using magnetic stirring. The prepared SnS<sub>2</sub> was analyzed using XRD, FESEM, EDAX, UV–Vis, FTIR, XPS, HRTEM, and SAED analysis. The photodegradation of Methyl Violet (MV) dye achieved a 93.8 % decolourization rate within 120 min, following first-order kinetic reaction rates. The half-life (t1/2) was determined to be 31.18 min, and the stability of the photocatalyst was evaluated under different pH conditions. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) studies were performed using a carbon paste electrode in 2 M KOH, revealing a low electrochemical value and proton diffusion coefficient for SnS<sub>2</sub>, indicating good redox behaviour with a C<sub>sp</sub> of approximately 158 F/g. The electrochemical sensing of urea demonstrated excellent performance with the SnS<sub>2</sub> electrode. Additionally, the sensor's pH response was investigated under three different pH conditions, showing remarkable urea sensing capabilities influenced by pH and electrolyte environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron Green ChemPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2024-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100060
Luiz H. Dapper , Viviane T. Mena , Márcio S. Silva , Filipe Penteado , Eder J. Lenardão
{"title":"ANO-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of 3-nitroalkyl-N-substituted pyrroles","authors":"Luiz H. Dapper , Viviane T. Mena , Márcio S. Silva , Filipe Penteado , Eder J. Lenardão","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A sustainable and atom-economic method was developed to prepare functionalized nitroalkyl pyrroles through a multicomponent reaction involving anilines, hexane-2,5-dione, and <em>β</em>-nitrostyrene derivatives. Ammonium niobium oxalate (ANO) was used as a cheap and reusable catalyst with ethanol as an eco-friendly solvent. A total of twenty-five <em>N</em>-substituted nitroalkyl-functionalized pyrroles were prepared in moderate to excellent yields (up to 93%). The method was successfully applied to electron-rich and electron-poor anilines, as well as to butylamine, simply by using a telescoping procedure (one-pot). Besides, the easy transformation of the obtained product in a primary amine was demonstrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron Green ChemPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-02-22DOI: 10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100070
Miguel A. Bárbara , Nuno R. Candeias , Luis F. Veiros , Filipe Menezes , Andrea Gualandi , Pier G. Cozzi , Carlos A.M. Afonso
{"title":"Protecting group-free photocatalyzed O-arylation of quinic acid","authors":"Miguel A. Bárbara , Nuno R. Candeias , Luis F. Veiros , Filipe Menezes , Andrea Gualandi , Pier G. Cozzi , Carlos A.M. Afonso","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel and environmentally friendly approach to the preparation of quinic acid-derived esters from photocatalyzed <em>O</em>-arylation with haloarenes. This study expands the quinic acid-derived chemical space from renewable biomass by harnessing the power of visible-light-driven photocatalysis under mild conditions without the need for protecting groups. A thorough screening of reaction conditions, including the choice of photocatalyst, solvent, base, nickel source, and ligand, led to the identification of the most effective conditions, these being 5CzBN as the optimal photocatalyst, and glyme-based nickel complexes as the preferred nickel source. These conditions enabled the formation of <em>O</em>-arylated products with good yields without noticeable formation of decarboxylated products. Computational calculations support the proposed mechanism for the <em>O</em>-arylation process, based on oxidative addition, anion exchange, and reductive elimination upon energy transfer from the photocatalyst to the Ni(II) species. Computational considerations for a nickel-catalyzed photodecarboxylative arylation mechanism suggest that the oxidation of quinate by the excited photocatalyst or other species derived thereof is considerably less favorable than a pathway only involving energy transfer to a nickel species. The research provides valuable insights into the mechanism of this environmentally conscious transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron Green ChemPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-06-28DOI: 10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100049
Atif Mustafa, Nazia Zameer, Nida Khan, Zeba N. Siddiqui
{"title":"Mesoporous MPC@TMG, a basic heterogeneous organocatalyst in C–C/C–N bond forming reactions: Tandem multicomponent synthesis of 5-amino-pyrazole-4-carbonitriles and 1H-Pyrazolo [1,2-b] phthalazine-5, 10-dione derivatives under sustainable reaction conditions","authors":"Atif Mustafa, Nazia Zameer, Nida Khan, Zeba N. Siddiqui","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A metal-free, effective, and sustainable protocol has been developed to carry out C–N and C–C bond-forming reactions leading to the formation of 5-amino-pyrazole-4-carbonitriles and 1H-pyrazolo [1,2-b] phthalazine-5, 10-dione derivatives via a tandem multicomponent reaction using mesoporous MPC@TMG as a basic heterogeneous organocatalyst. The reactions were performed in aqueous medium at room temperature. The synthesized organocatalyst MPC@TMG was characterized by numerous spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), elemental mapping, and Thermal Gravimetric (TG) analyses. MPC@TMG displayed excellent catalytic potential, high thermochemical stability, and reusability for up to eight catalytic runs and offered the title compounds in excellent yields (>90 %) in a short reaction time (6–15 min). The synthesized compounds were characterized through FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H, and <sup>13</sup>C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The use of water as a green solvent, the generality of the method, easy catalyst recovery, a simple work-up procedure, and zero involvement of any metal are the key features of the present protocol making it green and sustainable for the synthesis of the desired heterocycles and is supported by the calculations for green metrics parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773223124000141/pdfft?md5=767c7d9bf3bd3a1538fa3ab55658a738&pid=1-s2.0-S2773223124000141-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141483668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron Green ChemPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100057
Fawaz Al Hussein , Andreas Hartwig , Henning Großekappenberg
{"title":"Synergistic effects of hydroxyl and tertiary amine in the catalytic carbonatization of epoxides with CO2 at atmospheric pressure","authors":"Fawaz Al Hussein , Andreas Hartwig , Henning Großekappenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fixation of carbon dioxide is a key issue for the sustainable synthesis of chemical compounds. A catalyst system for the preparation of cyclic carbonates by the fixation of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) onto epoxides is presented. This system is designed for easy application due to the availability of the compounds on an industrial scale as well as moderate reaction conditions. Notably, it avoids the use of metal-halogen catalysts and instead employs a tertiary amine as the catalytic center, in conjunction with an alcohol acting as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD). The kinetics of the cycloaddition reaction between epoxides and CO<sub>2</sub> were thoroughly investigated using IR spectroscopy. Remarkably, optimization of the amino-to-alcohol group ratio and the amine structure was carried out to enhance the overall performance of the catalyst system showing a synergistic effect between the tertiary amine and the hydroxyl. Most notably, this entire process is conducted without the use of solvents and operates at ambient pressure, underscoring its significant ecological advantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetrahedron Green ChemPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100052
Bubwoong Kang , Tatsuro Imamura , Tetsuya Satoh
{"title":"Sodium dispersion-mediated reductive dimerization of benzylic halides for symmetrical bibenzyls: Column-free applications to natural products","authors":"Bubwoong Kang , Tatsuro Imamura , Tetsuya Satoh","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report a method for the synthesis of symmetrical bibenzyls by the reductive dimerization of benzylic halides using sodium dispersion (SD). SD, a reagent consisting of sodium particles dispersed in mineral oil, has recently attracted attention as a safer but more reactive source of sodium than sodium lump. We have found that the reductive dimerization of benzylic halides proceeds within 1 h at room temperature in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent using SD as a reducing agent. This method is highly sustainable for the synthesis of symmetrical bibenzyls since it uses sodium, which is abundant on earth. As the SD-derived mineral oil in the crude product can be readily removed, three natural products were synthesized on a gram scale without the need for column chromatography. The utility of this reaction was also exemplified by a decagram-scale reaction using 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, known as a green alternative solvent to THF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773223124000177/pdfft?md5=974f8d91370aea55b9080da717002992&pid=1-s2.0-S2773223124000177-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142136573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Egg shell powder mediated Cu catalyst: A biowaste based catalytic approach for the synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones and propargyl amines","authors":"Nilakshi Dutta , Kaberi Hazarika , Roktopol Hazarika , Bulan B. Boruah , Surajit Konwer , Bipul Sarma , Diganta Sarma","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel and efficient approach for a tandem oxidative synthesis of quinazolin-4(<em>3H</em>)-one from 2-aminobenzonitrile and benzyl alcohol has been unveiled via Cu<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)(OH)<sub>2</sub>. Herein CuSO<sub>4.</sub>5H<sub>2</sub>O accompanied by egg shell powder is used for the easy preparation of Cu<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)(OH)<sub>2</sub>. The reported method portrays a wide range of substrate scope with good to excellent yield and the given reaction proceed at room temperature within 12 h. Single crystal of one of the synthesized quinazolin-4(<em>3H</em>)-ones was analysed through single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Some of the compounds reported here are also known to possess various pharmaceutical activities. Eventually the newly prepared catalyst was applied for propargylamine synthesis via a multi component reaction. Perceiving all the advantages, present protocol is conceivably considered as clean, cost-effective and sustainable over reported procedures used for synthesis of quinazolin-4(<em>3H</em>)-ones and propargyl amines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773223124000207/pdfft?md5=c9c788110c513235d50753ee01d75177&pid=1-s2.0-S2773223124000207-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three-component carbonylative Michael addition of aryl bromides using abundant metal-carbonyl under light","authors":"Shiqian Zhang , Quansheng Mou , Bowen Cao, Tongyu Han, Mingxin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonyl compounds are widely found in various chemical reactions and natural products. Herein, a light-driven carbonylative cross-coupling reaction of bromobenzene was reported. Co<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>8</sub> was used as an abundant solid carbonyl source to synthesize various Michael addition products with high yields. This reaction has broad substrates scope with good functional group tolerance. The mechanism study indicated that the reaction is achieved by the formation of benzoyl radical from homolytic C–Co cleavage under irradiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}