Tetrahedron Green Chem最新文献

{"title":"Selective oxidative cleavage of lignin through tailored reactive oxygen species","authors":"Ying He,&nbsp;Rongji Li,&nbsp;Mingyang Hu,&nbsp;Yun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transforming lignin into valuable aromatic compounds is a critical objective for sustainable biorefining. While oxidative depolymerization has been proven effective in breaks down lignin's macromolecule, its practical application has been limited by low selectivity. This review presents a paradigm shift in the field, moving from broad, non-selective oxidative degradation methods to highly targeted catalytic processes driven by controlled reactive oxygen species (ROS). It offers a comprehensive analysis of how various catalytic systems—utilizing O₂, H₂O₂, metals oxides, electricity, light, and organic oxidants—generate distinct ROS profiles, ranging from non-specific hydroxyl radicals to more selective superoxide anions or high-valent metal-oxo complexes. These ROS serve as \"molecular scissors\", directly influencing the efficiency of C–O and C–C bond cleavage, thereby determining the yields of key products such as aldehydes, ketones, and acids. This review also explores emerging strategies, including single-atom catalysis and external field activation, which provide unparalleled precision in managing these reactive intermediates. Finally, it addresses ongoing challenges related to catalyst stability and the heterogeneity of lignin, while outlining promising future research directions focused on tandem processes and real-time mechanistic studies, to further unlock lignin's potential as a renewable source of aromatic feedstocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural acids as catalysts for the continuous flow production of the green solvent 2,2,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran","authors":"Bernice M. Currie ,&nbsp;Estefan van Vuuren ,&nbsp;Jaimee Jugmohan ,&nbsp;Jenny-Lee Panayides ,&nbsp;Darren L. Riley","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the demand for chemists to adhere to green chemistry principles increases, so does the demand for green solvents. Unfortunately, many green solvents, such as 2,2,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran (TMTHF), are costly and difficult to source. Traditional synthesis of TMTHF from 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol has been reported to be catalysed by acids such as phosphoric and sulfuric acid, or, more recently, by H-beta zeolite. Although H-beta zeolite catalysts are high-yielding and selective, the energy required for their regeneration is high, and their production has questionable environmental impacts. A new approach was developed using flow technologies and naturally occurring acids as catalysts for TMTHF synthesis. Flow technologies are scalable, safe, efficient, and reproducible for daily chemical reactions, aligning with principles of green chemistry. This study observed several key improvements, including i) the use of a natural acid as a catalyst, ii) the use of water as a solvent, and iii) a continuous process for multigram-scale synthesis of TMTHF using citric acid monohydrate, with a yield of 72 %, resulting in a throughput of 8.24 g h⁻¹ (9.43 kg L ⁻¹ h⁻¹ space-time yield).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Bi2O3/MWCNT@TiO2 nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of Brilliant blue dye under visible light and ozonation","authors":"Pushpavati Pilla ,&nbsp;Alice Rinky Robert ,&nbsp;Himavathi Ganja ,&nbsp;Suresh Maddila","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to develop an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of Brilliant Blue G (BBG) dye in aqueous solutions under visible light and ozonation. The research focused on synthesising and characterising a novel Bi₂O₃/MWCNT@TiO₂ nanocomposite (BMT) to enhance photocatalytic performance through synergistic effects. The Bi₂O₃/MWCNT@TiO₂ nanocomposite was prepared using a wet impregnation method. Techniques such as PXRD, UV–visible DRS, BET surface area analysis, SEM-EDX, and TEM were employed to evaluate structural and morphological properties. Variants, <strong>BMT-1</strong> to <strong>BMT-5</strong>, were synthesised with varying compositions and extensively characterised. The results revealed that <strong>BMT-1</strong> and <strong>BMT-5</strong> exhibited particle sizes in the range of 20–45 nm and band gaps of 2.76 eV and 3.0 eV, respectively, indicating their suitability for visible-light-driven photocatalysis. The nanocomposites demonstrated exceptional efficiency in degrading BBG dye under solar irradiation and ozonation. At an optimal catalyst dose of 0.025 g/L and an initial dye concentration of 20 ppm, a maximum degradation efficiency of 98.3 % was achieved. The influence of pH was investigated at acidic (pH 3), natural, and alkaline (pH 11) conditions. <strong>BMT-5</strong> exhibited superior performance at the dye's natural pH, while <strong>BMT-1</strong> showed high degradation of 97 % and 93 % at pH 3 and 11, respectively. Additionally, the catalysts displayed excellent reusability, confirming their stability and potential application for practical wastewater treatment applications. This work highlights the usefulness of Bi₂O₃/MWCNT@TiO₂ as a robust photocatalyst for pollutant degradation under environmentally relevant conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacing DMF by Cyrene™ drives the syntheses of pentathiepines towards sustainability, conveniency, and/or higher yields","authors":"Lukas Manuel Jacobsen,&nbsp;Roberto Tallarita,&nbsp;Johannes Fimmen,&nbsp;Siva S.M. Bandaru,&nbsp;Christian Fischer,&nbsp;Carola Schulzke","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2026.100092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2026.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building on previous efforts in optimizing the synthesis of 1,2,3,4,5-pentathiepino[6,7-<em>a</em>]indolizines mediated by the molybdenum oxo bistetrasulfido complex, this study advances the respective preparation procedures by introducing an environmentally friendly approach with a concomitant focus on increasing yields and efficiency, and generally improved reaction conditions. Incorporating the sustainable solvent Cyrene™ into the established protocol enables the synthesis of various substituted 1,2,3,4,5-pentathiepino[6,7-<em>a</em>]indolizines in a more environmentally friendly manner, complemented by a new purification approach. Derivatives studied include substituents CF₃, CN, CHO, COOMe, and a urea group at C-9. Realized modifications with a COOMe group at positions C-8, C-10, and C-11 are reported for the first time. Testing three different sets of conditions confirmed that the green Cyrene™ is a valid practical alternative to dimethylformamide (DMF). Although yields and reaction times did not improve in each and every case, the research demonstrates a method utilizing a non-toxic, biodegradable solvent to comprise a significant advancement over traditional, more toxic, and harsh methods for this compound class. Sublimation as a new purification technique was also explored in order to minimize the generation of organic solvent waste. Notably, the CN-substituted compound showed unusual behaviour during synthesis, with no product formation under N₂ conditions, and unexpected tetrasulfide side products could be identified for two COOMe derivatives. To understand the observed differences in reactivity and the chemical/molecular and electronic structures of these compounds, comprehensive analytical characterization was performed on all derivatives supported by computational analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reusable copper iron oxide for heterogeneously oxidative cyclization of (hetero)aryl methyl ketones and 2-phenylglycines","authors":"Hao T. Tran ,&nbsp;Duyen K. Nguyen ,&nbsp;Phuong T. Dinh ,&nbsp;Ngoc D.Q. Chau ,&nbsp;Tung T. Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Annulation of methyl C–H bonds in acetophenone derivatives with 2-phenylglycines to furnish 2,5-diphenyloxazoles under the assistance of heterogeneous catalyst is firstly reported. Successes are attributed to the use of commercially available copper iron oxide, in combination with molecular iodine, <em>p</em>-toluenesulfonic acid, and DMSO. The efficiency of our method is somewhat proven as 19 examples were isolated with yields varied from 32 % to 84 %. The copper iron oxide could be recovered and reused up to 4 times with nearly identical catalytic activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A green method for the direct precipitation of 3-methylpyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-2(1H)-one and 2-methylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-3(4H)-one from ethyl lactate solutions","authors":"Nicolas Elia,&nbsp;Eric D. Helms","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green methods for synthesizing pyridopyrazinones were developed due to their usefulness as scaffolds in the design of therapeutic compounds. Reaction conditions using aqueous ethyl lactate solutions were optimized to maximize yields through direct product precipitation. Two key scaffolds, 3-methylpyrido[2,3-<em>b</em>]pyrazin-2(1<em>H</em>)-one and 2-methylpyrido[3,4-<em>b</em>]pyrazin-3(4<em>H</em>)-one, were obtained in yields of 88 % and 85 %, respectively. The highest yields were achieved using 92:8 and 99:1 ethyl lactate:water mixtures, with the latter including 1.5 mol% lactic acid at 35 °C. These results are comparable to traditional syntheses using anhydrous chloroform but offer a more sustainable alternative by avoiding hazardous solvents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering TiO2 photocatalysts for enhanced visible-light activity in wastewater treatment applications","authors":"Mariam El Mchaouri ,&nbsp;Safiya Mallah ,&nbsp;Dikra Abouhajjoub ,&nbsp;Wafaa Boumya ,&nbsp;Rachid Elmoubarki ,&nbsp;Abdelhafid Essadki ,&nbsp;Noureddine Barka ,&nbsp;Alaâeddine Elhalil","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wastewater treatment is an environmental imperative due to increasing water stress and ecological crises particularly in view of the inherent limitations of conventional treatment methods, which frequently demonstrate suboptimal efficiency and tend to produce undesirable secondary by-products. In this context, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), especially heterogeneous photocatalysis, have demonstrated significant potential as ecologically and economically viable solutions for the complete degradation of pollutants into CO₂ and H₂O under ambient conditions. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is the most widely used photocatalyst owing to its non-toxicity, photochemical stability, and high reactivity. However, its practical application is hindered by several limitations, including activation restricted to UV light (due to a wide bandgap), rapid recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, and relatively low surface area. To overcome these challenges, this review discusses recent strategies for modifying the properties and structure of TiO₂ to enhance its photocatalytic performance under visible light. These strategies include metal or non-metal doping, the formation of heterostructures, and dye sensitization, all aimed at extending light absorption into the visible range and improving charge separation and transport. Furthermore, the integration of TiO₂ with bismuth-based photocatalysts, such as BiVO₄, Bi₂WO₆, and Bi₂MoO₆, is explored. These materials exhibit efficient visible-light absorption and favorable electronic properties, significantly boosting the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂. By implementing these modifications, TiO₂-based photocatalysts are expected to play a key role in environmental remediation and contribute to the development of sustainable water treatment technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and synthesis of bifunctional dual activation thiourea organocatalysts for Michael addition of pyrazole","authors":"Savita Sharma ,&nbsp;Vandana Sharma ,&nbsp;Sanjay Mandal ,&nbsp;Raj K. Bansal","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modeling of Michael addition of pyrazole to cinnamaldehyde in the presence of six thiourea catalysts has been done at the DFT (B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)) level. Four catalysts incorporating 2-pyridyl moiety are found to exhibit bifunctional dual activation by encapsulating pyrazole molecule in the cavity of cinnamaldehyde-catalyst complex thereby mimicking biosystem to bring the two reactants closer and also narrowing down the HOMO-LUMO gap. Guided by the theoretical results, four new N-bis(3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N′-2-pyridylthiourea catalysts were synthesized and well characterized on the basis of IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR and HRMS studies. X-ray crystal structure of one catalyst could also be done. On determining comparative catalytic efficacies of these catalysts experimentally for the model reaction of pyrazole with cinnamaldehyde, the catalyst N-bis(3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N′-2-(5-chloropyridyl)thiourea was found to be most effective, which is in accordance with the theoretical modeling results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amphiphilic bile acid-amino acid conjugates as sustainable organocatalysts for aqueous asymmetric aldol reactions: From molecular design to aggregation-controlled selectivity","authors":"Venanzio Raglione ,&nbsp;Federica Palmeri ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Vetica ,&nbsp;Andrea D'Annibale","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The amine-catalyzed aldol reaction has become a stable of organic synthesis with numerous applications affording predominantly the <em>anti</em> aldol product. Using our synthesized and characterized bile acid-amino acid conjugates with <span>l</span>-proline and <span>l</span>-phenylalanine, and bile acids amino derivatives we successfully performed regioselective aldol reactions in aqueous media controllably giving either the anti or syn diastereomer. These novel derivatives exhibited high catalytic activity, with the <span>l</span>-proline-based organocatalyst showing the highest efficiency, achieving yields up to 99 %, high diastereoselectivity for the <em>anti</em> product and moderate enantioselectivity. The <span>l</span>-phenylalanine-based one demonstrated good catalytic performance, achieving yields up to 99 % and good diastereoselectivity for the <em>syn</em> product. The environmental sustainability of these catalytic systems was further enhanced in the use of bio-based surfactants-amino acids conjugates utilizing water as the reaction medium, without the addition of any cosolvent, while aligning with the modern ethics of environmentally friendly practices. These findings reveal the potential application of natural bile acids scaffolds as versatile and eco-friendly conjugates to afford highly efficiency in sustainable organocatalysis for successfully achieving organic transformations in aqueous environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green chemistry methods: Synthesis of bioactive molecules-based quinazoline, quinoline, quinoxaline, benzimidazole and imidazole","authors":"Ibrahim A. Bala ,&nbsp;Abdullah M. Asiri ,&nbsp;Maha M. Alotaibi ,&nbsp;Reda M. El-Shishtawy","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The destruction of the ecosystem caused by chemicals such as pesticides, fertilizers, plastics, and greenhouse gases has provoked the conscience of the public and regulators to control the use of chemicals. There is a growing concern and awareness about preserving the environment against the danger of toxic substances. Sustainable industrial development as a means of cutting pollution from industry and developing renewable raw materials for industry has been a challenge in the twenty-first century. This review outlines the basics and ideas of green chemistry with examples and emphasis on the synthesis of bioactive molecules—based quinazoline, quinoline, quinoxaline, benzimidazole and imidazole from 2012 to 2025 to illustrate different fronts for developmental improvement in achieving sustainable procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}