Tetrahedron Green Chem最新文献

{"title":"A green method for the direct precipitation of 3-methylpyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-2(1H)-one and 2-methylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-3(4H)-one from ethyl lactate solutions","authors":"Nicolas Elia,&nbsp;Eric D. Helms","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green methods for synthesizing pyridopyrazinones were developed due to their usefulness as scaffolds in the design of therapeutic compounds. Reaction conditions using aqueous ethyl lactate solutions were optimized to maximize yields through direct product precipitation. Two key scaffolds, 3-methylpyrido[2,3-<em>b</em>]pyrazin-2(1<em>H</em>)-one and 2-methylpyrido[3,4-<em>b</em>]pyrazin-3(4<em>H</em>)-one, were obtained in yields of 88 % and 85 %, respectively. The highest yields were achieved using 92:8 and 99:1 ethyl lactate:water mixtures, with the latter including 1.5 mol% lactic acid at 35 °C. These results are comparable to traditional syntheses using anhydrous chloroform but offer a more sustainable alternative by avoiding hazardous solvents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep eutectic solvent mediated synthesis of β-carbolines and related natural products via Pictet–Spengler reaction and aerobic oxidation","authors":"Bhuvana Narasimman","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An eco-friendly, one-pot synthesis of <em>β</em>-carboline derivatives using deep eutectic solvent is reported. This protocol utilizes commercially available aldehydes and tryptamine, involving Pictet–Spengler cyclization followed by aerobic oxidation. This environmentally friendly methodology offers access to various <em>β</em>-carboline alkaloids Nitramarine, Nitraridine, Eudistomin U, Norharmane, Harmane, and their analogues in a single step with 30–68% yields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and synthesis of bifunctional dual activation thiourea organocatalysts for Michael addition of pyrazole","authors":"Savita Sharma ,&nbsp;Vandana Sharma ,&nbsp;Sanjay Mandal ,&nbsp;Raj K. Bansal","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modeling of Michael addition of pyrazole to cinnamaldehyde in the presence of six thiourea catalysts has been done at the DFT (B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)) level. Four catalysts incorporating 2-pyridyl moiety are found to exhibit bifunctional dual activation by encapsulating pyrazole molecule in the cavity of cinnamaldehyde-catalyst complex thereby mimicking biosystem to bring the two reactants closer and also narrowing down the HOMO-LUMO gap. Guided by the theoretical results, four new N-bis(3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N′-2-pyridylthiourea catalysts were synthesized and well characterized on the basis of IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR and HRMS studies. X-ray crystal structure of one catalyst could also be done. On determining comparative catalytic efficacies of these catalysts experimentally for the model reaction of pyrazole with cinnamaldehyde, the catalyst N-bis(3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N′-2-(5-chloropyridyl)thiourea was found to be most effective, which is in accordance with the theoretical modeling results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ultrasound based greener approach to 1-chloropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines as potential anti-tubercular agents","authors":"Jyothi Shivanoori ,&nbsp;Mallesham Baldha ,&nbsp;Sunder Kumar Kolli ,&nbsp;Ravikumar Kapavarapu ,&nbsp;Manojit Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compounds containing the 1-chloropyrrolo[1,2-<em>a</em>]quinoxaline framework were assessed against <em>Mtb</em>CM (chorismate mutase) for the identification of possible anti-tubercular entities. These compounds were synthesized <em>via</em> the sonochemical chlorination of pyrrolo[1,2-<em>a</em>]quinoxalines using <em>N</em>-chlorosaccharin. The regioselective C-1 chlorination, mild and eco-friendly conditions, and decreased reaction time are the key aspects of the present ultrasound-assisted method, an application of which is also demonstrated. The molecular docking of synthesized compounds into the target protein <em>MtbCM</em> revealed that they were oriented in the loop region of <em>Mtb</em>CM and mostly interacted with the residues in the periphery of the loop <em>via</em> hydrophobic interactions e.g. (i) pi-sigma with LEU130 and LEU65, (ii) pi-anion with ASP69 and (iii) pi-cation with ARG134. Furthermore, similar molecular alignment of -Cl group displaying a hydrophobic interaction with PRO66 was noted in case of majority of these compounds. The compound <strong>3b</strong>, <strong>3f</strong>, <strong>3g</strong> and <strong>3k</strong> showed better binding affinities with the order <strong>3b &gt; 3f &gt; 3g</strong> &gt; <strong>3k</strong> indicating <strong>3b</strong> as the best among them. This observation correlated the outcome of <em>in vitro</em> assay using <em>Mtb</em>CM when <strong>3b</strong>, <strong>3f</strong> and <strong>3g</strong> showed &gt;50 % inhibition at 30 μM. The Structure-Activity-Relationship (SAR) suggested that the C-4 aryl/heteroaryl group seemed to be vital for the activity. Indeed, a <em>p</em>-substituent on the C-4 phenyl ring was found to be favorable for activities. The role of Cl group was also assessed <em>via in vitro</em> testing of compounds with and without –Cl group. With the IC₅₀ value 12.34 ± 0.76 μM for <em>Mtb</em>CM, the compound <strong>3b</strong> was also expected to exhibit acceptable pharmacokinetic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible light photoredox catalyzed controlled oxidative desulfurization of thioureas using CBr4: A new route for the synthesis of thioamidoguanidine","authors":"Babita Yadav ,&nbsp;Arvind Kumar Yadav ,&nbsp;Garima ,&nbsp;Atul Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Vishnu Prabhakar Srivastava ,&nbsp;Santosh K. Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An efficient, photo-catalytic synthesis of thioamidoguanidine was developed through oxidative sulfurization of thioureas. The protocol involves the use of Ru(bpy)₃Cl₂ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine)as a photo-catalyst, carbon tetrabromide (CBr₄) as the oxidizing reagent, and visible light as the source of energy at room temperature. Present reaction offers a practical, base-free, economically cheap reagent, an environmentally benign and safer approach for a variety of anti-Hugelchoff products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling of bio-inspired synthesis, characterization, DFT calculations, molecular modeling of silver (Ag/Ag2O) nanocomposite: A promising sustainable material against human breast cancer","authors":"R. Kavitha ,&nbsp;M. Srinivas ,&nbsp;Prashantha Karunakar ,&nbsp;G.R. Rekhashree ,&nbsp;R. Priyanka ,&nbsp;K.G. Shilpashree ,&nbsp;M.S. Kavya ,&nbsp;S.M. Basavarajaiah","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive use of nanocomposites in the field of medicine and pharmaceuticals stems from their physicochemical properties and due to their potential therapeutic application. Further, nanopharmaceutics take a significant role in designing smart drug-release and controlled drug delivery, where the drug is efficiently reached towards the target sites within a predictable and limited timescale. The scope of present research work is to synthesis an ecofriendly silver nanocomposite (Ag/Ag₂O) by using alcoholic fruit extract of <em>Pheonix slyvestris</em> and its efficiency was evaluated for anticancer activity. PXRD results and HRTEM images confirmed that Ag/Ag₂O was crystalline in nature with diverse morphology and possessed an average particle size of 23–50 nm. Surface plasmon resonance of Ag/Ag₂O was observed at 465–500 nm in UV-DRS. The PL spectrum of Ag/Ag₂O NPs shows two asymmetric peaks confirming the formation of Ag/Ag₂O heterocomposite. The cytotoxicity study Ag/Ag₂Osynthesized via green chemistry was performed using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay against breast cancer cell line (MCF7) with an IC₅₀21.61 μg/mL. The results of the cytotoxicity tests showed a concentration dependent outcome against tumor cells and a correlation between dosage and effectiveness against tested cancer cell line. DFT studies revealed the sensing response of Ag/Ag₂O composite towards doxorubicin drug confirmed by relative work function changes. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation resulted that the Ag/Ag₂O illustrates to be an excellent lead molecule. In conclusion, the present research work demonstrated that Ag/Ag₂O synthesized from alcoholic fruit extract of <em>Pheonix slyvestris</em> may be an impending remedial drug for breast cancer management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical, dye degradation, and electrochemical sensor studies of CeO2 and CuO nanoparticles by pomegranate peel","authors":"A. Harshavardhan ,&nbsp;V.B. Nagaveni ,&nbsp;H. Madhu","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comparative investigation of cerium oxide (CeO₂) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles synthesized via the solution combustion method (SCM) using pomegranate peel as a green fuel. The synthesized materials were systematically characterized for their structural, morphological, optical, and electrochemical properties using XRD, SEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and CV techniques. Optical studies were analyzed to understand their functional behaviour, including transmittance, refractive index, dielectric constant, optical conductivity, and absorption coefficient.</div><div>The photocatalytic potential of CeO₂ and CuO was evaluated for the degradation of malachite green under UV light, achieving degradation efficiencies of 97.4 % and 91.56 %, respectively, following first-order kinetics. Additional photocatalytic performance parameters such as half-life (T₁/₂), total organic carbon (TOC) removal, pH dependence, scavenger effects, and recyclability were systematically studied. Electrochemical investigations were conducted using a nickel mesh electrode, revealing redox behaviour in 1 M NaOH through cyclic voltammetry (CV) with specific capacitances of 95 F/g (CeO₂) and 64 F/g (CuO). Diffusion coefficients were determined as 4.365 × 10⁻⁵ cm²/s for CeO₂ and 3.137 × 10⁻⁵ cm²/s for CuO. Furthermore, via CV analysis, CeO₂ and CuO were explored as electrochemical sensors for heavy metal detection, demonstrating sensitivity towards mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) in the 1–5 mM range.</div><div>This work highlights the dual functionality of CeO₂ and CuO nanoparticles as effective photocatalysts and electrochemical sensors, offering promising applications in environmental remediation and heavy metal detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoinduced oxidative cyclization of dithienylarenes","authors":"Barnabás Zsignár-Nagy ,&nbsp;Viktória Kümmel ,&nbsp;Tamás Gazdag ,&nbsp;Péter J. Mayer ,&nbsp;Zsófia Bokor ,&nbsp;Tamás Holczbauer ,&nbsp;Gábor London","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A photoinduced electrocyclization followed by aerobic oxidation of 1,2-dithienylarene derivatives is described as a greener alternative to direct aryl-aryl couplings. The formation of the naphthodithiophene type products was monitored by UV–vis spectroscopy. Naphthodithiophenes with different structural features and electronic characters were accessed. Oxidative cyclization using the combination of BF₃·Et₂O and DDQ was a complementary approach to confirm the formation of the desired products. The method was also applicable to 2,3-dithienylbiphenylene having a backbone with antiaromatic character.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acidic eco-catalysts derived from coffee husks in the acetylation of glycerol","authors":"Luisa Damaris Ramos ,&nbsp;Alfonso Enrique Ramírez,&nbsp;Cristian David Miranda","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transformation of coffee husks into solid acid catalysts (eco-catalysts) was studied. The synthesis of the materials consisted of the elaboration of carbonaceous supports by thermal means [graphitic carbon (Cp) and biochar (<em>Cc</em>)], followed by functionalization with sulfonic groups, by means of two techniques: i) in situ diazotization with sulfanilic acid (S_D) or ii) direct sulfonation with sulfuric acid (S_A). The density of acid sites (-SO₃H) present in the materials was determined by elemental analysis and additionally characterizations such as TGA, XRD, TEM and FTIR spectroscopy were performed. The catalytic properties of eco-catalysts in the glycerol acetylation reaction were studied and compared with a commercial sulfonic resin, i.e. Amberlyst® 15. It was found that all of them were more active compared to Amberlyst ® 15. CpS_A showed the highest conversion and selectivity towards triacetin, the product of interest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of biodiesel and prepared its blend: An ecofriendly, clean, alternative, and sustainable energy source","authors":"Madhuri A. Balpande ,&nbsp;Manish M. Katiya ,&nbsp;Madhukar G. Dhonde ,&nbsp;Jayant M. Gajbhiye","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A base catalyzed the transesterification reaction, resulting in a 98 % yield during biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester - FAME) synthesis. The optimization reaction protocol requires maximum agitation of 600 rpm at room temperature for 20min with a 10mol% KOH as a base catalyst and 1:8 ratios of sunflower oil and methanol to complete the reaction. This study examines the viability of using vegetable oil through transesterification to produce biodiesel on a commercial scale, with the goal of serving as a fuel substitute for diesel engines. We explored well-established spectroscopic techniques, including Infra-Red, ¹H, ¹³C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectra, and High-Resolution Mass Spectra, to investigate the synthesized FAME in accordance with the ASTM specification. The novelty of the current study outlines the significance of synthesizing FAME through catalytic transesterification, examines its physicochemical parameters, and green chemistry matrices have shown that biodiesel is a beneficial fuel, which led to less reaction waste, better environmental compatibility, and long-term use of the current protocol. In addition to exploring biodiesel's fuel applications; we are also looking into its possible uses as a biodetergent for other purposes and a biolubricant for diesel engines. The study highlights the simple, efficient development of current biodiesel, with its sustainability, and its potential contribution to renewable energy goals. It also explores the environmental impact of transitioning to biobased alternatives and its potential applications in industries like cosmetics and automobiles. Therefore, this investigation aims to explore and combine the unique advantages associated with varying ratios of additives in FAME, with the goal of replacing as much diesel as possible. We created and experimented with blends including 10, 20, and 30 % ethanol or iso-octane in FAME; nevertheless, the blend containing 30 % ethanol works better as a diesel substitute.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}