{"title":"Desalination technologies and their environmental impacts: A review","authors":"Saleh Almasoudi, Bassem Jamoussi","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2024.100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scowo.2024.100002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid increase in population growth and subsequent urbanization and industrialization has led to a global water demand. Hence, due to the challenges associated with accessing fresh water, desalination is increasingly being adopted to meet the global water demand. About 61% of the world's desalination capacity is made up of seawater desalination, whilst 30% is made up of brackish water desalination. Half of the world's desalination capacity is accounted for by membrane desalination, which mostly uses reverse osmosis desalination. The remaining half is primarily utilized for thermal desalination, which uses multi-stage flash distillation and multi-effect distillation. Although desalination plays an indisputable role in providing a steady supply of water in regions where freshwater resources are limited, it has diverse effects on the environment. Depending on the type of feed-water used, the desalination method employed, and how waste brine is managed, the desalination process has distinct and variable environmental consequences. The aim of this review was to provide comprehensive information on desalination technologies and their environmental impacts. To achieve this, the current global water demand and desalination production capacity were analyzed. This review contains important information for understanding and choosing environmentally friendly desalination technologies for the provision of a sustainable and environmentally friendly water supply.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950357424000027/pdfft?md5=8812c23df4894ccd70ceefad8047c6ad&pid=1-s2.0-S2950357424000027-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139749293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zaharaddeen N. Garba, Madina Imam, Haruna Adamu, Edith B. Agbaji
{"title":"Optimization of adsorption conditions for Acid Chrome Blue K removal from aqueous solution using sugar-based activated carbon: Equilibrium isotherms and kinetics modeling","authors":"Zaharaddeen N. Garba, Madina Imam, Haruna Adamu, Edith B. Agbaji","doi":"10.1016/j.scowo.2024.100001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scowo.2024.100001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, white sugar was dehydrated and then activated, producing extremely porous carbon as a result. The activated sugar-based carbon (ASC) was prepared by first dehydrating white sugar to produce dehydrated sugar carbon (DSC) which was then chemically activated in a nitrogen atmosphere using NaOH as activating agent. With the aid of central composite design (CCD), a component of response surface methodology (RSM), the ideal circumstances for the removal of Acid Chrome Blue K (ACBK) dye onto the ASC adsorbent from aqueous solution were investigated. Adsorbent dosage of 0.60 g, initial concentration of 79 mg/L and shaking speed of 258 rpm were the ideal adsorption conditions attained. The obtained experimental and predicted values were 94.89% and 94.22%, respectively, demonstrating good agreement between the experimental and predicted values from the model with only a modest error of 0.71. The linearized Langmuir equations in five different versions, as well as the Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms, were used to simulate the adsorption data. Chi square (χ<sup>2</sup>) and the correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) were taken into consideration while assessing the validity of each isotherm model to support the selection of the best adsorption model. The equilibrium adsorption data were best represented by the order Langmuir-2 > Freundlich > Temkin isotherms. The outcomes showed that the best model for describing the kinetics data was pseudo-second-order.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101197,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry One World","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950357424000015/pdfft?md5=676d2277b3a6fc8070fc2b9aae456190&pid=1-s2.0-S2950357424000015-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139639620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}