Environmentally benign synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles: Recent advances and future prospectives

Abstract

The utilization of non-renewable sources, toxic reagents and organic solvents in organic synthesis over past few decades resulted into a variety of environmental and health related issues which possess serious threat to humanity and environment. Green reaction methodologies have been evolved as alternative environment benign protocols as they utilize non-conventional sources and recyclable solvents in academic and industrial research laboratories. The current review outlines the practice of green reaction methodologies for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles using non-hazardous solvents, recyclable catalysts and eliminating deleterious side products. These more sustainable approaches compared to traditional synthetic strategies have been discussed in the present review and systematically categorized into conventional and non-conventional methodologies including microwave, ultrasonic and photochemical. A diverse range of sustainable and environmentally benign synthetic protocols including one-pot cascade synthesis, MCRs and continuous processing may be a valuable addition to the current methodologies for triazole synthesis.