Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Bio-fabricated CuO nanoparticles using Rhinacanthus nasutus leaf extract for antimicrobial and photocatalytic facets","authors":"M. Aswin ,&nbsp;Prammitha Rajaram ,&nbsp;Ambrose Rejo Jeice","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing contamination of water sources poses a serious threat to clean water availability. Photocatalytic degradation offers a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment by utilizing light energy to break down pollutants without generating secondary waste. In this study, <em>Rhinacanthus nasutus</em> leaf extract serves as a green reducing and stabilizing agent for the eco-friendly synthesis of CuO bio-nanoparticles (BNPs). The bioactive compounds in the extract facilitate NPs formation while enhancing stability and functional properties. Various characterization techniques, including XRD, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM-EDX, micro-Raman, and HRTEM analysis, were employed. The bio-fabricated CuO BNPs as monoclinic in crystalline structure with 19 nm size, and 1.61 eV band gap energy of CuO BNPs via UV–vis spectra and irregular spherical shape in morphology were found. The findings of the antimicrobial investigation demonstrated that the CuO BNPs caused the zones that were inhibitors to microorganisms as <em>S. aureus, E. coli</em> and <em>A. flavus</em>. Against three cationic dyes, Methylene Blue, Brilliant Green, and Rhodamine B, CuO NPs demonstrated photocatalytic activity, reaching degradation efficiencies of 92.86 %, 92.83 %, and 93.44 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and valorization of acetic acid from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis: Influence of operational conditions and membrane separation processes","authors":"Adama Ndao,&nbsp;Ghita Bennani,&nbsp;Delon Konan,&nbsp;Amadou Diop,&nbsp;Kokou Adjallé","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is a thermochemical route for transforming forest and agricultural residues into valuable products. Among these, acetic acid is particularly important given its broad industrial applications in vinyl polymers, agrochemicals, and food additives. However, effectively recovering acetic acid from the aqueous fraction (fast pyrolysis) or wood vinegar (slow pyrolysis) of pyrolytic oils remains a challenge. This review summarizes the principal factors affecting acetic acid yield during fast pyrolysis, including feedstock composition (cellulose and hemicellulose), moisture content, temperature, particle size, reactor type, and residence time. Approaches such as mild pretreatments and optimized catalytic conditions can further enhance the release of acetyl groups from hemicellulose, thus raising acetic acid production. Recent advances in separation methods emphasize membrane technologies like nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO). These processes provide high selectivity, energy efficiency, and a reduced environmental footprint compared to traditional techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction and vacuum evaporation. Operational parameters—such as transmembrane pressure, pH, and feed composition—influence both membrane flux and retention of acetic acid. Interactions among solutes, membrane materials, and process conditions can either facilitate or hamper selective acetic acid recovery. This review highlights the potential to integrate optimized pyrolysis parameters with robust membrane systems to achieve sustainable acetic acid production. Ongoing research focuses on improving the acid resistance of membrane materials and elucidating mass transport mechanisms for scale-up. Successful implementation of these technologies will help establish a circular bioeconomy by converting lignocellulosic residues into high-value chemicals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes using Achyranthes aspera-mediated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: A green synthesis approach","authors":"Falguni Deshmukh ,&nbsp;Khushi Kiran ,&nbsp;Sarika Vishnu Pawar ,&nbsp;Neelu Nawani ,&nbsp;Patrycja Golińska ,&nbsp;Aniket Gade ,&nbsp;Pramod Ingle ,&nbsp;Swapnil Chandrakant Gaikwad","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental pollution, particularly from industrial effluents, has become a warning to human well-being owing to its hazardous effects. The discharge of harmful organic dyes, chlorinated organic pollutants, and toxic heavy metals into water bodies demands efficient and sustainable remediation solutions. In this context, one promising solution is to explore biologically synthesized magnetic nanoparticles, which provide an eco-friendly, cost-economical, and ease of significant production alternative for wastewater treatment. In the current study, iron nanoparticles oxide (AaIONPs) with remarkable magnetic properties were successfully produced by exploring a bio-reduction technique, utilizing an aqueous leaf extract of <em>Achyranthes aspera</em> (Apamarg) serving as a natural reducing and capping agent. The phytosynthesized AaIONPs were characterized through X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Zeta analysis, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) to observe various properties of nanoparticles. The average diameter varied from 5 nm and 60 nm. The photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency was assessed using UV Vis absorption spectroscopy. For five retrieval cycles, the magnetic AaIONPs showed 90 % and 95 % decolorization efficiency against Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV). Altogether, these findings highlight that green synthesized AaIONPs using <em>A. aspera</em> leaf extract are not only effective in the degradation of toxic organic pollutants but also reusable, making these nanoparticles a sustainable candidate for wastewater treatment, which in turn controls environmental pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and theoretical investigations of the corrosion protection of mild steel by methanolic Triumfetta rhomboidea J. leaf extract","authors":"Bamidele E. Agbaffa ,&nbsp;Emmanuel F. Olasehinde ,&nbsp;Matthew A. Adebayo ,&nbsp;Ebun-Oluwa P. Oladele ,&nbsp;Adebola I. Akinjokun ,&nbsp;Idowu J. Esho","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Triumfetta rhomboidea</em> leaf extract (TRLE) was used as a natural and benign corrosion inhibitor of mild steel (MS) in HCl (1 mol/L) by gravimetric, electrochemical and theoretical techniques. Identification of the major compounds in TRLE was conducted on a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS). Theoretical calculations were done and the relationship between the experimental inhibition efficiencies and quantum chemical parameters were obtained. The parameters of thermodynamic equations (<em>K</em>_<em>ads</em>; <em>E</em>_<em>a</em>; <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msubsup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>; <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msubsup><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>; <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><msubsup><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>) were calculated and explained. The potential of inhibition of TRLE increased as the concentration of the TRLE increased but reduced with temperature increase. The adsorption of TRLE on the MS surface followed the Langmuir isotherm model. It was revealed that corrosion inhibition may be due to the spontaneous physical adsorption of the TRLE molecules on the surface of the MS. The respective polarisation and impedance data indicated that TRLE is a mixed-type inhibitor and the inhibition mechanism is due to charge-transfer. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analytical methods confirmed that TRLE protected the surface of MS and reduced the dissolution of the MS in the acidic solution. The GC-MS data revealed that octadecanoic acid and 9-actadecenoic acid were the most abundant compounds in TRLE and thus, were selected for quantum and molecular dynamics simulation. The theoretical predictions were in good agreement with experimental results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dye-laden sludge-derived biochar for wastewater remediation: A review on pyrolytic engineering, adsorptive interactions, and environmental prospects","authors":"Anshuman Gupta ,&nbsp;Sandra Ramachandran ,&nbsp;Neelaambhigai Mayilswamy ,&nbsp;Amrita Nighojkar ,&nbsp;Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The persistent release of synthetic dyes from industrial effluents constitutes a substantial ecological and toxicological hazard owing to their persistent molecular structure and biological recalcitrance. This review presents a focused evaluation of biochar derived from dye-laden sewage sludge (DLSS-B), highlighting its potential as a low-cost, sustainable adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater. DLSS, a byproduct rich in organic matter, inorganic minerals, and residual dyes, is thermochemically converted into biochar through pyrolysis. A critical assessment is conducted on how variations in pyrolysis temperature, thermal ramping rate, and inert gas environment influence the resultant biochar’s specific surface area (reaching up to 405 m²/g), pore architecture, and surface functional chemistry. DLSS-B exhibits high adsorption capacities ranging from 200 to 405 mg/g for dyes such as malachite green and crystal violet, primarily through π–π stacking, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonding. Chemical modifications, including acid/alkali activation and metal doping, further enhance its adsorptive performance. Regeneration studies show that DLSS-B can retain up to 92 % efficiency over five cycles, indicating strong reusability. Beyond dye removal, secondary applications such as soil amendment (non-food use) and energy recovery (∼20 MJ/kg) are discussed. This review emphasizes the integrated role of pyrolysis engineering, surface chemistry, and reuse strategies in developing DLSS-B as a viable material for industrial dye remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental risk assessment of sludge spreading in agriculture using toxicological thresholds representative of soil biological communities","authors":"Fulvio Onorati ,&nbsp;Andrea Tornambé ,&nbsp;Micol Bellucci ,&nbsp;Andrea Paina ,&nbsp;Chiara Maggi","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reuse of sludge for agricultural purposes is one of the strategies used worldwide to reduce landfill disposal whilst restoring the fertility of the soil, in a circular economy approach. This agricultural practice in Italy is regulated by the Italian Legislative Decree (LD) No. 99 of January 27, 1992, which provides chemical limits for some substances and the maximum admissible quantities of sludge that could be spread. In the present work, a synthetic index for estimating the environmental risk associated with sludge spreading is developed and experimentally applied, simulating the spreading of five different sludges. Environmental Risk Index (ERI) was estimated by taking into account the legal limits and the Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs), which were specifically derived to Italian soils in this study, considering toxicological data referred to biotic communities living in Italy. Spreading simulations showed a “possible” hazard with respect to limits under LD No. 99/1992, and a “moderate” hazard level with respect to PNECs, mainly due to Dioxins and Furans, and Ni respectively (within the parameters considered by law). Whereas further studies are needed to estimate PNECs for other substances such as Plant Production Products (PPPs) and pharmaceuticals in order to preserve the structure and the functions of the soil ecosystem, the application of ERI showed a discrepancy between the list of parameters laid down in the regulation and the list of the most important environmental parameters for which soil-specific PNECs were inferred, with respect to the biological communities present in Italy. Given that, the list of substances of interest to be searched for in sludge and soil should be the same, giving priority to those that show the greatest ecotoxicological risks, such as PFAS. The weighted and integrated approach used in this study goes beyond the classic tabular approach of simple legal chemical limits providing with a more realistic framework for an integrated environmental risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in microbial fuel cell technologies for bioremediation and energy recovery from wastewater","authors":"Debajyoti Bose ,&nbsp;Riya Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;M. Gopinath ,&nbsp;Abhijeeta Sarkar ,&nbsp;Ravindra Singh Pandya ,&nbsp;Apurva Jaiswal","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioelectricity generation from degradation of contaminants is the central premise for Microbial fuel cell or MFC operation. There has been a logarithmic increase in the refinement of MFC architecture that can support stable microbial biofilms over the years. In this work the advances with MFCs are covered with their design aspects. An overview is presented of the electrodes used in such systems with the capacity for contamination removal and bioelectricity production. Additionally, the importance of exoelectrogens in facilitating extracellular electron transfer mechanisms is evaluated. Further the factors, such as pH influencing proton transfer with temperature influencing microbial kinetics is also covered. The importance of biofilm formation in both synthetic and real time wastewater is analysed with the help of the MFC reactor design and the capacity of the cathode to act as a terminal electron acceptor. The cost analysis of MFC technologies with anaerobic digesters shows some profitable aspect which can be further improvised through mathematical models. Designing robust MFC systems adaptable to varying wastewater conditions is critical for advancing practical applications and achieving sustainable energy recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green nanomaterial-based sustainable analysis of contaminant-remediation in wastewater: A bird’s-eye view on recent advances and limitations","authors":"Prem Rajak","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wastewater released from domestic and industrial sources contains a variety of contaminants that are of emerging concern. Conventional wastewater treatment methods, such as filtration, heat treatment, and oxidation, are effective in degrading many such contaminants. However, these traditional methods can be expensive, require large land areas, produce significant amounts of sludge, and have limited capacity for handling waste. Additionally, conventional techniques often lead to incomplete mineralization of contaminants, raising concerns about potential environmental contamination with toxic substances and their impacts on ecosystems. Therefore, developing more effective methods for treating wastewater contaminants is essential to address the growing challenges in wastewater management. Green nanotechnology offers several advantages for the detection and degradation of various contaminants, including heavy metals, pesticides, plastics, pharmaceutical residues, and radioactive waste. The fabrication of green nanomaterials are cost-effective, non-toxic, and ecofriendly. They can be employed for the treatment of wastewater. There is increasing evidence that plant extracts, microbial enzymes, and other biogenic products such as algae and fungi can efficiently reduce metal ions to fabricate nanomaterials, which demonstrate improved photocatalytic and adsorption capabilities. Furthermore, nanomaterials offer complete degradation of contaminants under specific environmental conditions and hence have promising scopes for wastewater treatment. However, there are challenges to the widespread application of nanotechnology in wastewater treatment, such as the limited availability of raw materials, difficulties in controlling the shapes and sizes of nanoparticles, and obstacles in large-scale production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial for the Special Issue “Advances in adsorption and surface phenomena towards sustainable development and environmental remediation”","authors":"Nancy Elizabeth Dávila Guzmán,&nbsp;Adrian Bonilla-Petriciolet,&nbsp;Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100245","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversion of wheat straw and food waste employing insect (Hermetia illucens) larvae into biomanure and protein-lipid-rich animal feed","authors":"Anjali Mishra,&nbsp;Surindra Suthar","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural waste disposal has become a global problem, and its perilous discarding causes various issues of environmental pollution and resource inefficiency. Meanwhile, insect larvae have shown a promising ability to convert such waste substances into added-value materials. This study investigated the bioconversion of wheat straw (WS) and food waste (FW) employing black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). The lignocellulosic content in WS makes it unsuitable for larval feeding, therefore, we pre-treated WS with white-rot fungi for 28 days and then utilized it for larval feeding after mixing with FW in different ratios (25, 50, 75 and 100 %). Fungal pre-treatment caused a significant reduction in component loss (lignin, 30.41 %; cellulose, 16.05 %; hemicellulose, 17.86 %), making it suitable for BSFL feeding. BSFL showed a high relative growth rate (0.21 – 1.17 %), bioconversion rate (7.88 – 40.85 %), waste reduction index (7.69 – 13.79 %) and feed conversion ratio (1.33 – 2.72 %) in feed mixtures with 50 – 75 % WS. Harvested BSFL biomass exhibited (dry biomass basis) high protein N (3.6–4.7 %) and lipid (14.13 – 37.2 %) in different feed mixtures, suggesting its suitability as animal feed. The spent waste (larvae frass) exhibited a high content of nitrogen (1.70 – 2.03 %), total phosphorus (5.95 – 9.65 %), and potassium (0.74 – 1.81 %), suggesting its feasibility as manure for crop applications. In conclusion, BSFL could be a valuable tool for the bioconversion of WS and FW into nutrient-rich animal biomass and manure, as well under a waste-to-wealth approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}