Eco-efficient synthesis of cinnamic-compounds as antifouling additives for marine coatings

Marine pollution in ports caused by biocides-based antifouling paints is a growing problem worldwide. In this paper we present a new sustainable alternative to reduce the use of copper and booster biocides in marine antifouling paints. In this way, five cinnamic acids and four alkyl-cinnamates were synthesized using eco-efficient procedures within the guidelines of sustainable chemistry. Experimental marine paints were formulated with these compounds and their antifouling performance was evaluated after 90 days of immersion in Mar del Plata harbor. Ecotoxicity-test on Artemia salina nauplii was also performed. Field and laboratory results indicate that 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid and isobutyl-cinnamate are promising additives for marine paints.