Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and banana peel: Optimization of bio-oil production and characterization","authors":"K. Chithra ,&nbsp;N. Balasubramanian ,&nbsp;D. Dharani Dharan","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Harnessing energy from biomass has led to an integrated approach toward enhancing resource efficiency while simultaneously reducing environmental burden. The present work focuses on microwave (MW) assisted co-pyrolysis of SS with banana peel (BP) for bio-oil production. The process parameters, MW power, residence time (T), sewage sludge (SS), and catalyst dosage were optimized in this work using response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum bio-oil yield of 41.1 ± 0.34 % (w/w) was obtained at an optimum power of 590 W, time of 6.4 min, SS of 60 % (w/w), and catalyst dosage of 37.4 % (w/w). An increase in the yield of bio-oil was observed upon adding activated carbon as a catalyst, and the bio-oil obtained was characterized using GC-MS to identify the volatile compounds in it. The GC-MS chromatogram of the bio-oil obtained at optimal pyrolysis conditions revealed that approximately 42.57 % of the components were C₆-C₁₄ hydrocarbons, representing the gasoline fraction, while the remaining C₁₆-C₁₉ hydrocarbons corresponded to the diesel range. These fractions of the bio-oil resemble conventional fuel oil in terms of the carbon chain. The elemental composition of bio-oil showed the presence of 77.434 % carbon, 11.204 % hydrogen, 3.775 % nitrogen, and 7.587 % oxygen in the bio-oil. Hence upgradation of bio-oil may replace the conventional fuel. The bio-oil’s HHV of 40.82 MJ/kg, determined through elemental analysis, makes it a viable candidate for upgrading and blending with diesel as a fuel alternative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vanillin from lignin-chemicals platform: An overview on current chemo- and biocatalytic processes","authors":"Mario De Simone,&nbsp;Lígia O. Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin is a major aromatic biopolymer in plant cell walls and represents a promising renewable carbon source. Upon depolymerization, lignin can yield a variety of aromatic compounds, forming a versatile chemical platform for producing high-value chemicals, among them vanillin, a widely used flavouring agent across multiple industries. However, due to its structural complexity and inherent recalcitrance, efficient lignin depolymerization and conversion remain significant challenges. This review outlines both chemical and enzymatic lignin depolymerization strategies, focusing on recent advances in valorisation into vanillin. Enzymatic approaches are highlighted for their sustainability and potential to achieve high yields. Moreover, techniques such as protein engineering, whole-cell bioconversions, and enzyme immobilization are discussed to overcome current limitations in enzymatic processes. The review concludes with perspectives on future developments in enzyme design, process optimization, and integrated lignin biorefinery strategies, emphasizing the central role of protein engineering in driving the circular bioeconomy forward.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZnO nanoparticles synthesis by sacrificial composite monolith method and enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye","authors":"Rahul Chaudhari ,&nbsp;Madhuri Adhale ,&nbsp;Abhishek Bhapkar ,&nbsp;Mangesh Desai ,&nbsp;Shekhar Bhame ,&nbsp;Shrikrishna Sartale ,&nbsp;Sujata Kasabe ,&nbsp;Chetan Bhongale","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by thermally decomposing composite monolith of Zn and chitosan. XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, and UV-Visible spectroscopy have been used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized material was found to possess the hexagonal wurtzite phase. These ZnO nanoparticles were subjected to photocatalytic investigations through the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye under UV irradiation. The influence of various factors, such as initial concentration of dye, catalyst loading, time of contact, and pH on the photodegradation of methylene blue dye were investigated. Photodegradation experiments showed that the highest degradation of about 94.8 % was achieved within 180 min with catalyst loading 0.4 g/L. Photocatalysis experiments follow a pseudo first-order reaction kinetics. The photodegradation mechanism is also discussed in detail.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized biofuel production from Triplochiton scleroxylon sawdust via microwave-assisted pyrolysis and hydrocracking: Process analysis and production revenue forecasting with Aspen Plus","authors":"Sametah Collins Ghotoneton ,&nbsp;Nouadjep Serge Narcisse ,&nbsp;Kom Regonne Raïssa ,&nbsp;Ze Bilo’o Philemon ,&nbsp;Ngassoum Martin Benoit","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass has historically been a key fuel source for activities like cooking and heating for millennia, yet modern energy demands and environmental challenges necessitate advanced methods to convert lignocellulosic waste into sustainable fuels. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis and hydrocracking show promise for biofuel production; optimizing these for lesser-studied feedstocks like <em>Triplochiton scleroxylon</em> sawdust can improve yield, scalability, and cost-effective biofuel upgrading in biorefineries. After performing a physiochemical analysis of the sawdust, response surface methodology using a centered composite design was applied to examine how various pyrolysis determinants affect bio-oil generation and assist in establishing the best processing settings. The variables studied include microwave power, irradiation time, and the percentage of biochar employed for wave absorption. The findings revealed that <em>Triplochiton scleroxylon</em> sawdust possesses valuable properties for bio-oil formulation, featuring a substantial proportion of volatile components (74.2 ± 2 %) with a reduced ash level (2.9 ± 0.5 %). Enhancement results showed that all pyrolysis factors had significant impacts, with a 5 % level of statistical significance. Peak bio-oil output, 34.6 %, was realized under the following experimental settings: microwave power of 650 W, 20 min. of irradiation, and 20 % absorbent intake. The resulting bio-oil had a pH of 4.8 ± 0.4, a water content of 22 ± 2.3 %, and a heating value of 17.5 ± 0.8 MJ/kg. Considering an optimal desirability rate of 0.708, the hydrocracking plan design perspectives forecasted as production metrics: 183.7 kg/h of gasoline and 35.9 kg/h of biodiesel from 1 ton/h of sawdust with a total production cost of 163,848.183 CFA francs. These observations confirm <em>Triplochiton scleroxylon</em> sawdust as a viable, cost-effective source for scalable biofuel production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of carcinogenic chromium by green synthesized nickel nanoparticles: A sustainable approach for environmental remediation","authors":"Aiman Shaikh,&nbsp;Viquar Shaikh,&nbsp;Yusufi Mujahid,&nbsp;Khursheed Ahmed,&nbsp;Kailas Doke","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) contamination in water sources poses severe environmental and health risks due to its carcinogenic nature. Recent advances in nanotechnology have reported promising solutions for remediating Cr (VI)-contaminated environments. Compared to bulk zero-valent iron, nano-nickel exhibits superior electrical conductivity and facilitates faster electron transfer during redox reactions, thereby enhancing Cr (VI) reduction efficiency. Unlike zero-valent iron, which oxidizes readily, nano-nickel is more resistant to corrosion, offering greater stability in aqueous environments and extending its functional lifespan. This study investigates the efficacy of green-synthesized nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) for reducing Cr (VI) to the less toxic trivalent chromium (Cr (III)). Ni NPs were synthesized using an eco-friendly approach with <em>Ocimum sanctum</em> (Tulsi) seed extracts serving as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The synthesized Ni NPs were characterized using FE-SEM, TEM, EDS with elemental mapping, XRD, XPS, and FTIR techniques. Batch experiments were conducted to assess Cr (VI) reduction under varying conditions, including Ni NP dosage, initial Cr (VI) concentration, pH, and contact time. Results showed efficient Cr (VI) reduction, with a significant decrease in Cr (VI) concentration within 20 min. The effect of pH was also studied, revealing an optimal reduction at pH 2. Kinetic analyses further elucidated the reduction mechanism, showing that the reaction follows first-order kinetics with a high linear regression coefficient (R² = 0.9764–0.9923) across tested concentrations. These findings demonstrate that green-synthesized Ni NPs provide an efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective strategy for Cr(VI) remediation, supporting sustainable approaches for environmental protection and public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles from waste printed circuit boards and its anti-bacterial applications","authors":"Balaji Ravi,&nbsp;J. Karthick,&nbsp;Arun Murugesan","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our ecology is being threatened by electronic garbage. It takes time and effort to handle and recycle electronic trash. Researchers are trying to improve the existing recycling methods for a more effective process which produce fewer by-products. The present study is to develop a simple and practical hydrometallurgical process for producing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) from waste printed circuit board (WPCB). WPCBs are selectively leached using aqueous ammonium salt, ammonia buffer which undergo precipitation at 2 N sodium hydroxide solution at 80 °C for 1 h. The precipitates undergo repeated centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 5 min to remove the impurities. To eliminate residual moisture, they were initially dried in a hot air oven at 100 °C and subsequently calcined in a muffle furnace at 500 °C for 3 h. XRD, HRTEM, FESEM-EDS, and FTIR are used to analyze synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles, which have applications in inhibiting the bacterial growth. The synthesized particles exist as nanospheres with an average diameter of 50 nm and possess a monoclinic crystal structure. The anti-bacterial activities of copper oxide nanoparticles were evaluated by varying their concentrations from 25 mg/mL to 100 mg/mL. The results showed significant inhibition against <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> with inhibition zone of 25 mm at 100 mg/mL CuO concentration, using the disc diffusion method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent perspectives of microplastic analysis from sampling to characterization","authors":"Foysal Mahmud ,&nbsp;Hridoy Roy ,&nbsp;Mustafa Md Wasif ,&nbsp;Abir Mahmud ,&nbsp;Md. Nymuzzaman Saikat ,&nbsp;Addrita Haque ,&nbsp;Eduardo Alberto Lopez-Maldonado ,&nbsp;Abul Basar Baki ,&nbsp;Md. Shahinoor Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastic (MP) pollution has been an emerging global concern due to its persistent nature and the requirement for sophisticated detection techniques. However, MP research has always been complexified due to the unavailability of structured methodology and the ambiguity of process selection. This review has critically analyzed different aspects of MP abundance in water, sediments, biota and wastewater and MP analyzing techniques. MP analysis results are solely dependent on its processing stages, such as oven drying and sieving, chemical digestion, and alkaline treatment, which are the crucial parts of MP sample preparation and processing. To identify the specified polymer in MP samples, analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectra (RS), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Pyr GC-MS) are widely used. Among the applied techniques, FTIR is the cheapest, whereas µ-RS is the most accurate. MP matrix specifications and concentrations vary for water, sediments, biota, and wastewater sources. The highest concentration of 152,688 ± 92,384 particles/m³ MP was observed for the Sea Surface Microlayer of 1000 µm. The MPs concentration in river water reached 718 ± 244 MPs/m³. River sediments of developing countries like Bangladesh, Indonesia and Taiwan have very high concentrations of MPs, which is a great concern for river biota. Various types of plastics, including PP, PE, PE-PP, PE-PDM, PET, nylon, T-elastomer, CP, wool, and cotton, were identified in reported studies. The study discloses recent perspectives on MP research and appropriate sampling and analysis techniques are crucial for reporting MPs in environmental samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of C3-substituted Indoles in water and their anti-bacterial activities","authors":"Thangjam Linda Devi ,&nbsp;Mayanglambam Maneeta Devi ,&nbsp;Kistu Singh Nongthombam ,&nbsp;Thokchom Prasanta Singh ,&nbsp;Okram Mukherjee Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of novel C3-substituted indole derivatives containing a pyridine moiety (<strong>5a–i</strong>) were successfully synthesized through multi-component reactions. The synthesis involved 3-acetylindole, various aldehydes, ethyl cyanoacetate, and ammonium acetate, with water as the solvent and NaOH as the catalyst. This method proved advantageous, offering a straightforward experimental procedure, reduced reaction times, and favorable yields, all while maintaining substrate diversity and operational simplicity under metal-free conditions for forming C–C/C–N bonds. The agar-well diffusion method's anti-bacterial activities were carried out for the synthesized compounds. It was found that <strong>5a</strong> ha<strong>s</strong> shown the highest anti-bacterial activity with the lowest MIC value of 12.50 µg/mL against <em>Escherichia coli</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-printed chitosan/polylactic acid-based antimicrobial cups for toxic metal adsorption from water","authors":"Achintha Wijenayake ,&nbsp;Gayan A. Appuhamillage ,&nbsp;Dulanjaya Mapage ,&nbsp;Kaushani K.G. ,&nbsp;Gayan I. Priyadarshana ,&nbsp;Rajitha Gunaratne ,&nbsp;Sankalya S. Ambagaspitiya ,&nbsp;Bandara T.A.R.W.M.M.C.G.","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents fabrication of eco-friendly, 3D printable, antimicrobial composites that capture toxic heavy metal ions from contaminated water bodies. Chitosan, a biopolymer having heavy metal chelating sites was incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA), a 3D printable, biodegradable thermoplastic matrix. Using the heat-press method, a series of composites was prepared by altering the wt% of chitosan. Using moderately polluted water, the composites were subjected to Pb^2 + , Cu²⁺, and Cd²⁺ adsorption at ambient temperature and neutral pH. The 30 and 60 wt% chitosan (C) loaded composites (30 C/PLA and 60 C/PLA) reduced Pb²⁺ below the environmental protection agency (EPA) recommended action level (AL) before 5 min. The 60 C/PLA reduced Cu²⁺ below EPA-AL within 30 min. All the composites adsorbed the metal ions significantly higher than neat PLA, the control. Reusability studies for Pb²⁺ removal with the 30 C/PLA indicated that <em>ca</em> 96 % of the original Pb²⁺ adsorption efficiency could be achieved even after the fifth regeneration cycle. Moreover, 30 C/PLA and 60 C/PLA indicated inhibition zones for <em>Escherichia coli</em>, a bacterium that could live in water. No inhibition zone was detected with the control. In addition, the 10, 20, and 30 C/PLA were successfully 3D printed into cup-like shapes. Ultimate compressive strength, toughness, and Young’s modulus of the 3D printed 30 C/PLA cups were significantly higher than that of the control. An object with complex geometry was also successfully 3D printed using the 30 C/PLA composite. As per the overall results, this is the first work to report a 3D printable eco-friendly antimicrobial material (30 C/PLA) that reduces toxic Pb²⁺ below EPA-AL before 5 min while retaining <em>ca</em> 96 % of the original Pb²⁺ adsorption efficiency even after the fifth cycle. The approach lays a foundation for future development of cost-effective, eco-friendly water filtration devices with free-standing complex geometries via 3D printing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single and binary adsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid on chitosan-carbon nanotubes hydrogel beads: Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic parameters","authors":"Siphesihle Mangena Khumalo,&nbsp;Babatunde Femi Bakare,&nbsp;Sudesh Rathilal","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in bodies of water that receive contaminants has presented substantial health hazards for humans and aquatic organisms. Herein, the adsorption of PFOA (1.208E-05 mol/L to 1.208E-04 mol/L) and PFOS (9.997E-06 mol/L to 9.997E-05 mol/L) on chitosan-carbon nanotube (CCNT) hydrogel beads from aqueous solutions was studied. Findings on the adsorption kinetics studies suggest that the nonlinear pseudo-first-order kinetic model fits experimental data well at a contact duration of 48 h and an adsorbent load of 1.5 g/L for both PFOA and PFOS. Single adsorption isotherm data were accurately modeled by the nonlinear Freundlich model, with R² =0.991 for PFOA and R² =0.997 for PFOS, suggesting that the adsorption of PFOA and PFOS on the adsorbent was not restricted to the monolayer adsorption process. Binary adsorption isotherm data were well fitted by the extended-Langmuir isotherm model (R²=0.996 for PFOA and R²=0.995 for PFOS) and extended-Sips isotherm model (R²=0.996 for PFOA and R²=0.997 for PFOS). As such, it was inferred that the uptake of one adsorbate in the presence of the other resulted in antagonistic effects, which reduced the overall efficacy of the adsorbent. Thermodynamic studies explicitly indicated that the adsorption of PFOA and PFOS on CCNT was an endothermic process that can be characterized as a physicochemical adsorption process. The presence of sodium chloride as a competing ion synergized the uptake of adsorbates from an aqueous solution. It was concluded that hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic attraction were the predominant mechanisms in the sorption of PFOA and PFOS on CCNT hydrogel beads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}