{"title":"Synthesis of C3-substituted Indoles in water and their anti-bacterial activities","authors":"Thangjam Linda Devi , Mayanglambam Maneeta Devi , Kistu Singh Nongthombam , Thokchom Prasanta Singh , Okram Mukherjee Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100291","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of novel C3-substituted indole derivatives containing a pyridine moiety (<strong>5a–i</strong>) were successfully synthesized through multi-component reactions. The synthesis involved 3-acetylindole, various aldehydes, ethyl cyanoacetate, and ammonium acetate, with water as the solvent and NaOH as the catalyst. This method proved advantageous, offering a straightforward experimental procedure, reduced reaction times, and favorable yields, all while maintaining substrate diversity and operational simplicity under metal-free conditions for forming C–C/C–N bonds. The agar-well diffusion method's anti-bacterial activities were carried out for the synthesized compounds. It was found that <strong>5a</strong> ha<strong>s</strong> shown the highest anti-bacterial activity with the lowest MIC value of 12.50 µg/mL against <em>Escherichia coli</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949839225000860","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
A series of novel C3-substituted indole derivatives containing a pyridine moiety (5a–i) were successfully synthesized through multi-component reactions. The synthesis involved 3-acetylindole, various aldehydes, ethyl cyanoacetate, and ammonium acetate, with water as the solvent and NaOH as the catalyst. This method proved advantageous, offering a straightforward experimental procedure, reduced reaction times, and favorable yields, all while maintaining substrate diversity and operational simplicity under metal-free conditions for forming C–C/C–N bonds. The agar-well diffusion method's anti-bacterial activities were carried out for the synthesized compounds. It was found that 5a has shown the highest anti-bacterial activity with the lowest MIC value of 12.50 µg/mL against Escherichia coli.