Spill Science & Technology Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Automatic Validation of the Offshore Operators Committee Discharge Model and Application to Predicting Drilling Solids Accumulation on the Sea Floor","authors":"Maynard G. Brandsma","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00131-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00131-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Discharge models must be validated by comparing their predictions with experimental data. Such comparisons improve user confidence in model predictions. The validation process involves significant work for each case tested and requires tedious labor. This paper describes an automated validation system and its use in validating the offshore operators committee (OOC) Mud and Produced Water Discharge Model. Once the validation system is set up, very little additional work is needed for repeated validations to test the model after changes related to maintenance and development. The validation system provides a complete record of all validation methods, data, and results.</p><p>The principle benefits of the automated validation system are: the combined validation tests are completely documented with an HTML report, the tests are easily repeated, the system quickly reveals flaws arising from model maintenance and development activities, the system can be adapted to other numerical models containing standalone executable modules that read and write text files.</p><p>The automatic validation system consists of several parts: (1) a hierarchical arrangement of data to segregate individual experiments in separate file system directories; (2) command scripts to run validation tests in each directory (model runs, statistical comparisons of predictions and observations, plots of predictions compared with observations); (3) a top-level script to summarize overall comparison statistics and scatter plots; (4) a report generator to assemble validation results in a linked set of HTML pages with plots; and (5) a tool to compare validations run at different times (e.g., to compare predictions of different versions of the model).</p><p>Experiments included in the validation system are summarized briefly. One laboratory and one field experiment concerned with particle deposition on the sea floor were added during the development of the validation system. These cases are described in more detail.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 549-559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00131-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137442362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exfoliated Graphite as a New Sorbent for Removal of Engine Oils from Wastewater","authors":"Beata Tryba ,&nbsp;Antoni W Morawski ,&nbsp;Ryszard J Kaleńczuk ,&nbsp;Michio Inagaki","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00070-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00070-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>A commercial exfoliated graphite was used for checking its sorption capabilities for removing engine oil and dyes from wastewater. Slight oxidation of exfoliated graphite in the air at 400 °C was found to be effective to improve adsorption capacity for dyes, </span>methylene blue and methyl orange. However, its treatment in HNO</span>₃ reduced all capacities for engine oil and dyes. A possibility for simultaneous removal of oil and dyes dispersed in wasted water was revealed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 569-571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00070-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76956356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of the USEPA National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, Subpart J Product Schedule (40 CFR 300.900)","authors":"William J Nichols","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00058-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00058-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The United States Environmental Protection Agency manages the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, Subpart J Product Schedule (40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 300.900) which list dispersants, surface washing agents (SWAs), bioremediation agents, surface collecting agents, and miscellaneous oil spill control agents (MOSCA) that may be used in response to oil spills on land and on or near waters of the US, depending on the product and its proper application. Over the last few years, alternative oil spill response methods have been gaining in acceptance and use in the field among first responders, industry, state and federal agencies, Congress, and the entire oil spill response community. EPA sets policy and guidance for the proper use and authority to use these products within its jurisdiction. Manufacturers and vendors of these products have become more aware of this acceptance evidenced by the frequency that EPA is contacted to provide information on the listing process and EPA policy regarding their use. The number of applications to add new products to the Subpart J Product Schedule has increased over the last few year. Subpart J is very prescriptive and specific in directing manufacturers to perform the proper tests using the proper protocols, yet many applications are rejected or need modification due to errors in testing procedures or data reporting. This paper will address the data needed to list a product under each category and will clarify issues related to the Product Schedule. It will also address the policies that EPA uses to enforce the Subpart J regulation. The author has managed the Product Schedule for over </span><em>five</em><span> years and his experience and expertise regarding the issues surrounding alternative countermeasures will be covered briefly.</span></p><p>Dispersants, SWAs, chemical sorbents, and other technologies have sparked controversy and confusion in all regions and areas of the US, and in some cases internationally. Many research efforts have added to the baseline knowledge we have about dispersants and bioremediation agents’ toxicity, efficacy, and proper use, but conflicts still arise as that data is interpreted and applied in the field. The reader will have a better understanding of why and how alternative countermeasures are required to be listed and describe the authority to use them based on EPA policy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 521-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00058-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83325953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup. Fingas, Merv. 2001. Edited by Jennifer Charles. Second Edition. ISBN 1-56670-537-1. Lewis Publishers. CRC Press, LLC. 233p","authors":"John J Gallagher","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00045-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00045-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 315-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00045-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73971020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Baffled Flask Test for Dispersant Effectiveness: A Round Robin Evaluation of Reproducibility and Repeatability","authors":"Albert D Venosa ,&nbsp;Dennis W King ,&nbsp;George A Sorial","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00072-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00072-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After two previous investigations demonstrated that the baffled flask test was an effective and reproducible method for screening the effectiveness of dispersant products in the laboratory, the US Environmental Protection Agency decided that before the new protocol could be considered for replacement of the swirling flask test, it would have to be subjected to an interlaboratory round robin investigation. This paper describes how the round robin evaluation was carried out and presents repeatability and reproducibility calculations that demonstrate the superiority of the new method over previous methods. Probabilities for passing various threshold levels of effectiveness values were computed, and the results will be used by the Agency to develop final pass–fail decision rules for dispersant manufacturers wishing to have their products listed on the national contingency plan product schedule.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 299-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00072-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84135239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contents and Author Index for Vol 7","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00104-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00104-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages I-VI"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00104-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137284775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of the Private Sector in Homeland Defense","authors":"David Usher","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00065-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00065-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 183-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00065-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76322432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil Spill Training in the United Arab Emirates","authors":"Tayeb Kamali ,&nbsp;Steven Barnes ,&nbsp;Senthil Nathan ,&nbsp;Roy Coons","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00077-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00077-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 323-325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00077-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82744469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of the Performance of Weir Type Oil Skimmers","authors":"D.R. Topham","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00044-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00044-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A model of two-layer flow over a broad crested weir is used as the basis for comparing the performance of weir type skimmers. It is shown that the oil concentration of the mixture flowing over the weir can be described in terms of a single densimetric Froude number based on the weir flow and width, the slick thickness, and the density difference between the oil and the underlying water. Although all the data sets exhibit a large scatter, they broadly follow the trend of the model, and the analysis clearly demonstrates the superiority of the hydro-adjustable designs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 289-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00044-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79565005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grounded Ship Leaves TBT-based Antifoulant on the Great Barrier Reef: An Overview of the Environmental Response","authors":"Paul Marshall ,&nbsp;Caroline Christie ,&nbsp;Kirstin Dobbs ,&nbsp;Alison Green ,&nbsp;David Haynes ,&nbsp;Jon Brodie ,&nbsp;Kirsten Michalek-Wagner ,&nbsp;Adam Smith ,&nbsp;Jamie Storrie ,&nbsp;Emre Turak","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00040-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00040-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 215-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00040-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85115211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}