Spill Science & Technology Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"DeepSpill––Field Study of a Simulated Oil and Gas Blowout in Deep Water","authors":"Øistein Johansen ,&nbsp;Henrik Rye ,&nbsp;Cortis Cooper","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00123-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00123-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the world’s increasing demand for oil and gas and dwindling onshore reserves, the need to exploit oil and gas has moved into deep water. This move brings with it the potential of accidental releases from well blowouts and pipeline or riser ruptures. While there is a low risk of such accident thanks to today’s technology, the oil industry has to be prepared. To better understand how oil and gas would behave during a deep water release, the DeepSpill experiment was conducted in the Norwegian Sea at the Helland Hansen site (65°00^′N, 04°50^′E) in 844 m of water roughly 125 km off the coast of central Norway. Four controlled discharges of oil and gas were made during late June 2000 amounting to a total of 120 m³ of oil and 10,000 standard m³ of natural gas. The main objectives of the experiments were to calibrate numerical models and to test methods of subsurface surveillance.</p><p>Extensive observations were made of wind, currents, water density, surface and subsurface oil concentrations, and chemical and biologic samples in the water column. Results showed that the oil started reaching the surface about an hour after the release began and within a few hundred meters of the release site. Oil continued to surface for several hours after the release stopped. No gas hydrates were formed even though thermodynamic equilibrium<span> suggested they should have. No gas bubbles reached the surface indicating that gas dissolution was complete but not as quickly as predicted by standard algorithms. The echo sounders on-board the research vessels were able to track the oil/gas plume as it rose through the water column. In general the surface slick was much thinner than a slick initially released at the surface would have been. Emulsified oil was observed at the surface after the crude oil discharge, with water content increasing with time after the oil came to the surface. An integral plume model [Spill Science and Technology Bulletin 6 (2000) 103] did a reasonable job of predicting the time to surface and the location of the slick though some tuning of the bubble/droplet sizes, gas dissolution rate, and hydrate formation were needed. Finally, the results showed that all gas was dissolved well beneath the surface suggesting that today’s safety restrictions governing surface vessel activity could possibly be revised.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 433-443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00123-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74258656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lignite Based Oil Binder Mats: A New Absorbent Strategy and Technology","authors":"Jörg Rethmeier,&nbsp;Andreas Jonas","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00055-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00055-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The eco.carbon GmbH has tested and developed a new technology (absorbent mat) and strategy for absorbing spilled oil. Lignite based oil binder mats have been found to be highly effective in absorbing spilled oil in inland waters<span> as well as in maritime environment and on shore lines even in the presence of strong currents or heavy waves. The high efficiency of the mat and its durability greatly increase oil clean up, recovery and handling, and further contamination of shorelines, beaches or the environment is avoided.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 565-567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00055-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75833361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rate of Turnover and Attenuation of Crude Oil Added to a Louisiana Sagittaria lancifolia Freshwater Marsh Soil","authors":"C.W Lindau,&nbsp;R.D Delaune,&nbsp;I Devai","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00120-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00120-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and plants on attenuation of applied South Louisiana Crude (SLC) to a <em>Sagittaria lancifolia</em><span> freshwater marsh were investigated under field conditions. Sixteen plots were established in the substrate and treatments were: (1) oil, no plants, no N and P; (2) oil, plants, no N and P; (3) oil, no plants, N and P and (4) oil, plants, N and P. SLC, N and P were applied, 2 l</span> <!-->m⁻², 10 g<!--> <!-->m⁻² and 4 g<!--> <!-->m⁻²<span>, respectively. Sediment cores were collected 2, 15 and 53 weeks after oil application and extracts were analyzed by GC/MS for target </span><em>n</em>-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Results demonstrate N, P and <em>S. lancifolia</em> accelerated turnover or attenuation of SLC at 2 and 15 weeks. However only trace hydrocarbon concentrations were detected in the marsh soil after 1 year regardless of treatment, demonstrating relative rapid turnover at the oil rate used in this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 445-449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(02)00120-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83450011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stewart Ellis","authors":"M.A. Champ","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00095-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00095-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"8 5","pages":"Page 419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00095-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83472066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Editorial Board Member","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00078-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00078-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 411-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00078-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137442086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Founding Editorial Board Member","authors":"Ron Goodman","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00096-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00096-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 415-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00096-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74856934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Microscopic View of Oil Slick Break-up and Emulsion Formation in Breaking Waves","authors":"John M. Shaw","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00061-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00061-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The maximum stable drop size for dispersions arising from oil slicks and water in oil emulsions are shown to be controlled by Raleigh–Taylor instability or the prevalent local shear stress in breaking waves, which ever is more restrictive. Data from five experimental studies, including oils and oil in water emulsions with densities less than that of water and viscosities ranging from 0.001 to 1000 Pa<!--> <!-->s were fitted quantitatively by the model. Low viscosity oils tend to break into drops with a sauter equivalent diameter less than 0.005 m, while oils with a high viscosity and a density approaching that of water remain as large slicks. Water in oil emulsions can be formed by dispersion inversion i.e., water drops can become trapped among oil drops coalescing at the water–air surface and by water drop entrainment i.e., water entrained by gas bubbles escaping from the collapsing vortices of breaking waves, can be released in the form of fine drops as the bubbles pass through large oil slicks. Both mechanisms are shown to be active over a broad range of oil physical properties. Viscous oils with a low oil–water interfacial tension yield the most stable water in oil emulsions in breaking waves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 491-501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00061-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75915799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Founding Editorial Board Member","authors":"James P Ray","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00072-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00072-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 409-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00072-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87878086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Emulsifiers on Hydrocarbon Biodegradation by Pseudomonadacea and Bacillacea Strains","authors":"Zefiryn Cybulski ,&nbsp;Ewa Dziurla ,&nbsp;Ewa Kaczorek ,&nbsp;Andrzej Olszanowski","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00068-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00068-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The microorganisms </span><span><em>Pseudomonas</em><em> aeruginosa</em></span>, <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> and <em>Bacillus laterospor</em> strains are used as biological agents in the biodegradation process of a model mixture of hydrocarbons, as well as in a mixture of emulsifiers. These consist of AT 7, Tween-80, L-10 or Lutensol GD 70. The examination of hydrocarbon biodegradation was carried out using aseptic solutions and water samples from the River Warta in Poland. Significant effectiveness of hydrocarbon biodegradation of the examined bacterial strains and their mixtures in both was observed after seven days of biodegradation. The effectiveness of biodegradation depends on the type of emulsifier used. Results of the biodegradation experiments indicate the important role of the natural emulsifiers which are produced by the <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> strains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 503-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00068-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79701586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Recovery of the Chemical Cargo from The M.T. “Ievoli Sun” in a Full Remote and Diverless Operation by Means of The POLREC System","authors":"G Koffeman","doi":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00054-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00054-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101181,"journal":{"name":"Spill Science & Technology Bulletin","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 535-541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00054-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80765060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}