Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine最新文献_第5页

The main novelties of the R.D. 888/2022, procedure for the recognition, declaration and qualification of the disability degree R.D.888/2022号法律的主要创新之处，残疾程度的承认、申报和资格认定程序

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2024.02.001

Andrés S. Santiago-Sáez

引用次数: 0

Histopathological findings in dissection and rupture of the thoracic aorta. Study of 54 autopsy cases 胸主动脉夹层和破裂的组织病理学发现。对 54 例尸检病例的研究

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.002

Juan L. García-Pérez, Marta Martín-Gómez, M. Paz Suárez-Mier

{"title":"Histopathological findings in dissection and rupture of the thoracic aorta. Study of 54 autopsy cases","authors":"Juan L. García-Pérez, Marta Martín-Gómez, M. Paz Suárez-Mier","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Thoracic aortic dissection/rupture has a high mortality, constituting 3.9%–5.4% of sudden deaths (SD) in forensic series. Medial histopathological findings associated with these entities have received multiple terms and definitions. In 2016, the European Association for Cardiovascular Pathology and the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology published a consensus document, applied to surgical specimens, to unify criteria. The aim of this work is to assess its application in forensic autopsies. A secondary objective is to study inflammatory changes useful for dating.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Aortic histological preparations of the 54 cases of SD due to aortic rupture/dissection studied between 2019 and 2022 were reviewed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Medial degeneration was observed in 49 cases (90.8%) (severe in 42.9%). By lesions, the order of frequency was: fragmentation and/or loss of elastic fibres (74.1%), accumulation of extracellular mucoid matrix (61.1%), loss of </span>smooth muscle cell<span> nuclei (48.1%), and collapse of the media (44.4%). Some lesions of the consensus paper could not be assessed. No significant differences were found by age; presence or not of collagenopathies; or bi/tricuspid aortic valves. Granulation tissue or neutrophilic infiltrate was observed in those deceased with pain several days or <24 h before death, respectively.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>With the application of the document, lesions in the media are found in >90% of cases and fundamental lesions can be studied. The inflammatory response to rupture/dissection appears to correlate with the timing of dissection/rupture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 3-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139636874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Homicide by combination of methods of asphyxiation 使用多种窒息方法杀人

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.004

Gustavo A. Breglia , Marcelo H. Uzal , Francisco J. Díaz

引用次数: 0

Forensic population study of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy in children and young people during the period 1991–2021 1991-2021年期间儿童和青少年癫痫不明原因猝死的法医人口研究

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.003

Klaudia I. Bidaurrazaga , Joaquín Lucena , Benito Morentin

{"title":"Forensic population study of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy in children and young people during the period 1991–2021","authors":"Klaudia I. Bidaurrazaga , Joaquín Lucena , Benito Morentin","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major cause of mortality in young epileptic patients. The objective of the work is to analyse its frequency and clinical–pathological characteristics as a cause of sudden death in epileptics under 35 years of age.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Retrospective population study of all SUDEP in people aged 1–35 years in Bizkaia (period 1991–2021) and Seville (2004–2021) investigated in the Forensic Pathology Services (FPS). In each case, a complete autopsy was carried out with histopathological and toxicological studies, and review of clinical and circumstantial data. Data from the Mortality Registry for deaths by epilepsy were examined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>101 deaths due to epilepsy were registered in the Mortality Registries and 46 SUDEP cases in the FPS, representing 6% of forensic sudden deaths in this age population. A high frequency of post-traumatic epilepsy cases (<em>n</em>  <span>5), brain abnormalities (</span><em>n</em>  =4) or mental retardation (<em>n</em>  <span>3) was observed. The toxicological analysis was positive in 75%, highlighting the presence of antiepileptic drugs (</span><em>n</em>  <span>26). Illegal drugs were detected in 5 young people, mainly cocaine (</span><em>n</em>  =63%) while sleeping.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>SUDEP in children and young people is infrequent, however, it is an important cause of mortality in epileptics. Although the mechanisms are not well understood, it is recommended to strengthen the medical control of epilepsy in youth, mainly in patients with post-traumatic or post-surgical epilepsy or in those who have associated developmental disorders or mental retardation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139538413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Consummated suicide in Gran Canaria in the period 2017–2022, and its relationship with a history of mental disorder 2017-2022 年期间大加那利岛的自杀事件及其与精神障碍病史的关系

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2023.08.004

Mercedes López de Lamela Suárez , Sara María Rivero Hernández , José Luis Hernández Fleta , Pedro Saavedra Santana , Enrique Zaragoza Pérez

{"title":"Consummated suicide in Gran Canaria in the period 2017–2022, and its relationship with a history of mental disorder","authors":"Mercedes López de Lamela Suárez , Sara María Rivero Hernández , José Luis Hernández Fleta , Pedro Saavedra Santana , Enrique Zaragoza Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Suicide remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Due to the relationship between suicidal behaviour and mental disorder, our aim is to determine the number of people who received care by the Mental Health Network among the total number of suicides consummated between 2017 and 2022 in Gran Canaria, as well as the characteristics of that population and the care received.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Longitudinal observational retrospective study in which the study population was extracted from the total number of suicides in the database of the Legal Medicine<span> Institute. Subsequently, the data were cross-checked by the Mental Health Network databases. Finally, a univariate statistical analysis was carried out and the results were compared according to sex and care in the Community Mental Health Unit.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Only 39.4% had received care at the Mental Health Unit, the majority being women (55.3% vs. 34.6%), with a mean age of 50.9 years for both sexes. History of previous attempts was much more frequent in the population receiving care (45.4% vs. 7%), as well as emergency care (42% vs. 5.7%) and hospital admissions (25.3% vs. 0.7%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Less than half of the deceased persons had contact with a Community Mental Health Unit. In addition, care by this unit was higher among those with previous attempts and among the female sex, with the most frequent diagnosis being monopolar affective disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139635292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of 27 STR markers of the chromosome Y in the population of the jungle from Peru 秘鲁丛林种群Y染色体27个STR标记分析

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2023.06.001

Carlos David Neyra-Rivera , Cristian Saul Robles Mamani , Edgardo Delgado Ramos , Margarita Rosa Eugenia Velasquez Reinoso , Bruce Budowle

{"title":"Analysis of 27 STR markers of the chromosome Y in the population of the jungle from Peru","authors":"Carlos David Neyra-Rivera , Cristian Saul Robles Mamani , Edgardo Delgado Ramos , Margarita Rosa Eugenia Velasquez Reinoso , Bruce Budowle","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Y-chromosome-specific short tandem repeat<span> (Y-STR) markers reside on the non-recombinant portion of the Y chromosome, their inheritance is paternal, they are not detectable in female DNA. These properties make Y-STRs a useful tool in forensic investigations such as sexual assault, parenting, and other violent crimes; likewise they are also useful in genealogical and evolutionary studies. The objective of the research is to expand the scientific evidence of the distribution by region or country of the Y </span></span>sex chromosome haplotypes. Similar studies in Peruvian populations are scarce due to the smaller number of Y-STR polymorphisms frequently used in Forensic and Population Genetics.</p><p><em>Material and method:</em><span> In the investigation, 141 DNA samples from the jungle of Peru were analyzed, of which comprised of 104 samples from Iquitos region (Loreto), 29 samples from Awajun (Amazonas) and 8 samples from Tambopata (Madre de Dios). The samples were processed using direct PCR with the Yfiler™ Plus PCR Amplification kit for 27 STRs, the amplified products were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis on the Applied Biosystem™ 3500XL Genetic Analyzer, and the data obtained was imported into the GeneMapper® ID-X v1.5 software to generate the genetic profiles. With the results obtained, the statistical analysis and the population structure were carried out.</span></p><p><em>Results:</em> Of the 141 samples, 106 unique haplotypes were observed. Gene diversities for each Y-STR marker ranged from .317 to .919. The haplotype diversity for the total sample was .9906. This study supports that the Y-STR haplotypes in this population are highly polymorphic in the analyzed population and, therefore, are very useful in forensic studies of human identification, as well as in population genetics when investigating groups or individuals from Latin America.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75050576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Human trafficking victims: An emerging reality in forensic medicine 人口贩运受害者:法医领域的新现实

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2023.10.005

Elena Cano , Anna Mateu , Antonia Bertomeu , Alexandre Xifró

引用次数: 0

Death due to umbilical discharge in an adult 成人因脐带放电死亡

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2023.11.003

Mercè Subirana-Domènech, Helena Martínez-Alcázar

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Epidemiological profile of involuntary admission in the Psychiatry Service of the University Hospital of Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín 大加纳利大学医院精神病科医生Negrín非自愿住院的流行病学概况

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2023.04.002

Naomi Fernández Hernández, Marina Martínez Grimal, Martínez Grimal, Claudio Cabrera Velázquez, Raquel Rodríguez Medina, María Rodríguez, Almudena Sánchez Villegas, José Luís Hernández Fleta, Hernández Fleta

{"title":"Epidemiological profile of involuntary admission in the Psychiatry Service of the University Hospital of Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín","authors":"Naomi Fernández Hernández, Marina Martínez Grimal, Martínez Grimal, Claudio Cabrera Velázquez, Raquel Rodríguez Medina, María Rodríguez, Almudena Sánchez Villegas, José Luís Hernández Fleta, Hernández Fleta","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p><span>Involuntary admissions due to </span>mental disorders occur with relative regularity in hospital admission units in our country. This work will study the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics found in relation to these type of patients, in order to have more information, both clinical and legal, with which to work and perform a better function, administration of resources, and development of necessary skills in these situations.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Retrospective descriptive observational study, in which different variables will be analyzed, previously selected, present in the population of psychiatric patients involuntarily admitted to the Doctor Negrín Hospital in a period of 2 years, 2019 and 2020, thus determining, the degree of prevalence of each of them.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the variables most associated with involuntary admission are, being a man, in the fourth decade of life, single, without children, or employment, with a diagnosis of major psychotic or affective disorder who has most likely abandoned treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>It would be advisable to carry out a special follow-up of patients who meet the profile described above in order to minimize involuntary occurrence. It is necessary to develop educational, follow-up, and adherence programs within the reach of the population of psychiatric patients in order to minimize the need for involuntary admissions in our environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138484894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metric evaluation of permanent canines for sexual estimation in the Collection “Prof. Dr. Romulo Lambre”, Buenos Aires, Argentina 永久犬性估计的度量评估，收录于“Prof. Dr. Romulo Lambre”，布宜诺斯艾利斯，阿根廷

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2023.11.002

Gonzalo Garizoain , Claudia Aranda , Leandro Luna

{"title":"Metric evaluation of permanent canines for sexual estimation in the Collection “Prof. Dr. Romulo Lambre”, Buenos Aires, Argentina","authors":"Gonzalo Garizoain , Claudia Aranda , Leandro Luna","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Sex estimation is a fundamental aspect of forensic work as a mandatory step for the identification of human remains of unknown origin. The methodological analysis of the dentition as a sexual estimator is important due to its high degree of preservation. Considering the need for specific information regarding the potential of dentition for sex estimation in forensic cases from Argentina, the aim of this study is to evaluate the proposal previously developed by Luna (2019) in a local sample of human skeletal remains.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p><span>A sample of 152 permanent canines belonging to 98 individuals of both sexes was selected. The individuals belong to the Prof. Dr. Rómulo Lambre osteological collection (La Plata, Argentina). Luna's proposal (2019) was applied to estimate sex from canine crown and neck metrics, which considers direct measurements and different types of discriminant functions and </span>logistic regressions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Only the cervical mesiodistal diameter showed acceptable results (>75%) for sex estimation. Moreover, discriminant function 1 showed a posteriori probabilities of correct classifications greater than 0.75 and logistic regressions 1 and 3 offered acceptable overall results.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This proposal based on the metric recording of permanent canines constitutes an adequate methodological alternative in situations in which the diagnostic bone elements of sex are deteriorated or absent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 143-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138484897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0