Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine最新文献_第4页

Violence against people with disabilities: Profile in the northwestern region of Colombia, 2021–2023 针对残疾人的暴力：哥伦比亚西北地区概况，2021-2023

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500476

Maritza García-Toro , Carlos Andrés Vargas-Alzate

{"title":"Violence against people with disabilities: Profile in the northwestern region of Colombia, 2021–2023","authors":"Maritza García-Toro , Carlos Andrés Vargas-Alzate","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe the profile of people with disabilities who have experienced some form of violence in the northwestern region of Colombia between 2021 and 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study based on records from the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences (INMLCF). All reports of violence against people with disabilities in the departments of Antioquia, Córdoba, and Chocó from 2021 to 2023 were included. Sociodemographic, temporal, spatial, and event-specific variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests in SPSS software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 503 cases of violence against people with disabilities were identified, with a regional incidence of 1.9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Women were affected in 56.7% of cases. Women with mental, multiple, and hearing disabilities were the most impacted, while among men, violence was more prevalent in those with visual and physical disabilities. The home was the most common setting for the incidents, and the primary suspected aggressor was a family member.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the vulnerability factors of people with disabilities to various forms of violence and underscores the need for differentiated public policies that address the specificities of this phenomenon. Violence in this group is not only mediated by gender but also by the type of disability and social structure. Greater awareness, preventive strategies, and a comprehensive approach are required to ensure protection and access to justice for these individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 500476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic characterization of injuries caused by less-than-lethal weapons in Colombia (2017–2021) 哥伦比亚非致命武器造成伤害的法医鉴定（2017-2021年）

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500455

Juan Camilo Castrillón Parada, Daniela Jurado Portilla, César Andrés Cortés Castro, Fideligno Pardo Sierra

{"title":"Forensic characterization of injuries caused by less-than-lethal weapons in Colombia (2017–2021)","authors":"Juan Camilo Castrillón Parada, Daniela Jurado Portilla, César Andrés Cortés Castro, Fideligno Pardo Sierra","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Less than lethal weapons (LLW) are devices used to produce pain or inability with less risk of death. This study focuses on lesions caused by less than lethal weapons in Colombia between 2017 and 2021, by using data from Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses (INMLCF).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out based on the review of clinical records and medical-legal autopsies of the INMLCF.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Were found 4,900 cases, revealing that the majority of victims were young men, mainly affected by police batons and kinetic impact projectiles. The most common injuries were ecchymosis and wounds on the extremities and face, and five deaths related to the use of less lethal weapons were documented.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings highlight the need for greater regulation and training in the use of LLW due to its potential to cause serious and fatal injuries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 500455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interobserver agreement in the interpretation of radiological tests for age estimation in migrant minors without family references 观察员间对无家庭参考资料的移民未成年人年龄估计放射检测解释的一致意见

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500456

Fernando Rodes Lloret , Gloria Isabel Pérez Campello , Pedro Galiana Vila , Andrea Alegre Requena , Mar Pastor Bravo , Elisa Gavilán Turiño

{"title":"Interobserver agreement in the interpretation of radiological tests for age estimation in migrant minors without family references","authors":"Fernando Rodes Lloret , Gloria Isabel Pérez Campello , Pedro Galiana Vila , Andrea Alegre Requena , Mar Pastor Bravo , Elisa Gavilán Turiño","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aims to study the degree of interobserver agreement in the interpretation of radiological tests used for forensic age estimation in migrant minors without family references between the radiologist and the forensic doctor and between the two forensic doctors who evaluated each case.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This is a prospective study of the 69 cases studied at the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Alicante during 2023 and 2024. Each observer assessed and assigned a stage, following the Greulich and Pyle atlas for hand and wrist radiographs, the Demirjian stages for panoramic radiographs, and the Schmeling and Kellinghaus classifications for computed tomography scans of the proximal clavicle.</div><div>The IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0 statistical package was used; obtaining both the percentage of observed agreement and the Kappa index, which corrects for chance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The degree of agreement between the two forensic physicians was very good for the hand and wrist radiograph (<em>k</em> = 0.931), very good for the panoramic radiograph (<em>k</em> = 0.828), and substantial for the computed tomography (<em>k</em> = 0.671). However, the degree of agreement between the radiologist and the forensic physician was lower for all three tests: substantial for the hand and wrist radiograph (<em>k</em> = 0.748), moderate for the panoramic radiograph (<em>k</em> = 0.434), and modest for the computed tomography (<em>k</em> = 0.285).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results highlight the importance of training and instruction in the forensic medical evaluation of these radiological tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 500456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Group sexual violence in Spain. Characterization of a complex phenomenon 西班牙的集体性暴力。对复杂现象的描述

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500461

Juan José López-Ossorio , Jorge Santos-Hermoso , Alicia Sánchez Camañ

引用次数: 0

Sudden juvenile death: Simultaneous spontaneous dissection of the left extracranial internal carotid artery and the left common iliac artery 青少年猝死：左侧颅外颈内动脉和左侧髂总动脉同时自发剥离

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500460

Cecilia Salzillo , Andrea Marzullo , Stefania Galizia , Domenico Angiletta , Antonio De Donno

引用次数: 0

Sexually inappropriate behavior in professional practice: Complaints to the Medical Ethics Tribunal (Uruguay, 2012–2024) 专业实践中的性不当行为：对医学道德法庭的投诉（乌拉圭，2012-2024）

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500434

Evangelina Pérez Real, Jessica Filosi Piedrahíta, Natalia Bazán Hernández, Hugo Rodríguez Almada

{"title":"Sexually inappropriate behavior in professional practice: Complaints to the Medical Ethics Tribunal (Uruguay, 2012–2024)","authors":"Evangelina Pérez Real, Jessica Filosi Piedrahíta, Natalia Bazán Hernández, Hugo Rodríguez Almada","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Sexual violence is a globally prevalent phenomenon that impacts all sectors, including the medical profession. Several publications have raised concerns about inappropriate sexual behavior in professional practice. This is the first Uruguayan report, aimed at systematically organizing the complaints submitted regarding these sexual transgressions to the official tribunal responsible for the ethical oversight of the profession.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This is a retrospective, observational study examining the judgments issued since 2012.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Complaints related to this issue constituted 11.77 % of the total. All physicians reported were male. Psychiatrists and gynecologists were the most frequently cited specialists and received the most severe sanctions. Nearly all complainants were women. Many complaints involved physical contact and verbal abuse and almost all complaints resulted in sanctions against the physicians, including professional suspensions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The limited number of cases requires caution in conclusions. From the data we report, based on all reported cases, the following emerges: 1) Inappropriate sexual behaviors in professional settings are not exceptional. 2) They are underrepresented within the realm of complaints related to breaches of medical ethics. 3) These behaviors reflect gender inequality and are exacerbated by other asymmetries inherent in the clinical relationship and hierarchical structures. 4) Users of mental health and gynecological services are particularly vulnerable. 5) Despite evidentiary challenges, legal proceedings succeed in overcoming the presumption of innocence and sanctioning offenders. 6) A lack of national regulations with greater specificity for such transgressions was observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 500434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of alleged sexual misconduct by physicians in the practice of medicine 医生在医学实践中涉嫌性行为不端的分析

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500452

Maria Espín-Sans , Carles Martin-Fumadó , Josep Arimany-Manso

{"title":"Analysis of alleged sexual misconduct by physicians in the practice of medicine","authors":"Maria Espín-Sans , Carles Martin-Fumadó , Josep Arimany-Manso","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Some physicians are singled out for sexual misconduct in a professional practice. Knowledge of the characteristics of such cases may allow their prevention and the development of recommendations regarding this.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Review of the files for alleged offences against sexual freedom among the 11,273 complaints of the Council of Medical Associations of Catalonia (CMAC) and the judicial database ‘vLex’ (1985-August 2024).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>76 cases were obtained, studying the present elements and comparing them according to resolution (conviction or acquittal).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The sample size conditions the analysis. However, the difficult access to these cases and their relevance gives great value to the study. The elements presented should be evaluated in each specific case and their judicial treatment is subject to interpretation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Better information is recommended regarding about the need for a physical exam, its consent, the need to remove clothing, the use of gloves, inappropriate comments and the presence of a witness is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 500452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Legal aspects of the presence of minors in social networks and the promotion of cosmetic products in Spain 未成年人在社交网络上的存在和在西班牙推广化妆品的法律方面

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500454

Miguel Antonio Lasheras-Pérez , Begoña Martínez-Jarreta , Begoña Escutia-Muñoz , Rafael Botella-Estrada

引用次数: 0

Medical forensic response during the flood in Valencia (Spain), October 29th, 2024 2024年10月29日，西班牙瓦伦西亚洪水期间的法医反应

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500459

Alfonso Colorado Casado de Amezúa, Elvira Garrido-Lestache López-Belmonte, Juan Giner Blasco

{"title":"Medical forensic response during the flood in Valencia (Spain), October 29th, 2024","authors":"Alfonso Colorado Casado de Amezúa, Elvira Garrido-Lestache López-Belmonte, Juan Giner Blasco","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flood in Valencia (Spain) has so far caused 224 casualties, making it the catastrophic event with the highest number of fatalities in Spain's recent history. This catastrophe involving a high number of victims, a large geographical extension and the destruction of infrastructures posed a major challenge to the forensic response. This article presents the work carried out during an open disaster, following the adhesion of the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science of Valencia to the application of ‘Real Decreto 32/2009 approving the National Protocol for Forensic and Scientific Police intervention in multiple casualties events’ in Spain. The excellent performance of the members of the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science of Valencia and the rest of Institutes of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science of Spain, together with the specialists of the Civil Guard and National Police corps, allowed the fast and efficient location, transfer, autopsy, identification and delivery of all the victims to their relatives. Likewise, some recommendations for action are suggested as a result of the experience acquired to face future events of similar characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 500459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maxillofacial injury in gender violence: Descriptive study of cases from Valparaíso, Chile 性别暴力中的颌面损伤：来自Valparaíso，智利病例的描述性研究

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500458

Denisse Lagos Tissie , Marcos Faúndes Pinto , Jesús Silva Melo , Alejandra Montoya Barrena , Camila Contreras Vicencio

{"title":"Maxillofacial injury in gender violence: Descriptive study of cases from Valparaíso, Chile","authors":"Denisse Lagos Tissie , Marcos Faúndes Pinto , Jesús Silva Melo , Alejandra Montoya Barrena , Camila Contreras Vicencio","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Violence against women is one of the most widespread violations of human rights globally. In these cases, it is common to find injuries in the maxillofacial area, which can leave various types of sequelae.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To characterize maxillofacial injuries from the examinations carried out under the Gender Protocol at the Valparaíso Legal Medical Service, Chile.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A qualitative retrospective study was conducted using data collected from maxillofacial injury reports conducted between 2020 and 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 51 examinations were analyzed: the age of the victims ranged from 21–73 years, with the majority being homemakers and unmarried. In most cases, the aggressions were perpetrated by the women's current partners at their shared residence. In nearly a third of the cases, the aggression occurred in the presence of minors. The most commonly used injurious mechanisms were blunt and asphyxiation. There were injuries to soft tissues and hard tissues. The medicolegal prognosis in the majority of cases was less severe.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The evaluation of maxillofacial injuries by a dentist is fundamental, especially to assess intraoral injuries. Dentists should be familiar with forensic dentistry in these contexts, in order to accurately document injuries and contribute to the administration of justice. Professionals who tend to these victims should do so in an environment that provides support and comfort to the female victims, as the verification of injuries is often their first interaction with institutional authorities and can be decisive in their decision to proceed with legal action.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 500458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0