Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of three methods of extracting DNA from skeletal remains obtained from three taphonomic contexts","authors":"Lucero I. Portuguéz Ramírez ,&nbsp;Dan E. Vivas-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Roberto C. Parra Chinchilla ,&nbsp;Nelson O. Rivera Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The extraction techniques of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from old bone samples are based on the use of complex methodologies, which deal with the degradation of the sample, the low amount of DNA, and the presence of inhibitors that can be extracted simultaneously.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To compare the efficiency in obtaining DNA from the methods: organic extraction, commercial kit, and previous total demineralization<span>, to obtain STR profiles of old bone samples from 3 taphonomic processes (alkaline, acid, and moist mitotic).</span></p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>29 skeletal remains from 3 different taphonomic contexts were processed: acidic, alkaline, and wet-fungal. The amount of DNA obtained from 3 methodologies was evaluated in a comparative manner: organic extraction method (phenol–chloroform–isoamyl alcohol) (SO), extraction by silica column KIT QIAamp® DNA Investigator of QIAgen® (KC), and the methodology of extraction by previous total demineralization (DP). Finally, the obtaining of the STR profiles from the methodology of greater performance was tested.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The following quantification values were obtained: (i) alkaline medium: 0.068<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.07 ng/μL (SO), 0.021<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.01 ng/μL (KC), and 0.073<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.052 ng/μL (DP); (ii) acidic medium: 0.098<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.064 ng/μL (SO), 0.041<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.029 ng/μL (KC), and 0.068<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.042 ng/μL; (iii) wet-mitotic medium: 0.25<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.061 ng/μL (SO), 0.04<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.027 ng/μL (KC), and 0.15<!--> <!-->±<!--> <span>0.072 ng/μL (DP). Likewise, using the DNA samples obtained by the SO method, complete profiles were obtained for the wet taphonomic context while the alkaline taphonomic process proved to be the most drastic for DNA degradation, presenting a greater number of incomplete profiles.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The methodology of organic extraction was optimal in obtaining DNA from the 3 taphonomic processes evaluated. On the other hand, the wet-fungal taphonomic process is the one that produces the least negative impact on the preservation of DNA from skeletal remains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91639291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurosurgery and litigation: An observational study of liability for damages in public neurosurgical practice in Spain","authors":"Mónica Hernández-Herrero,&nbsp;Joaquin Cayón de las Cuevas","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><p>Neurosurgery has been internationally considered a “high risk” specialty for lawsuits. The aim of this observational study was to analyse the characteristics of medical liability judgements in Spain for damages caused by the practice of neurosurgery in Spanish public healthcare.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Cross-sectional observational study analysing the rulings handed down in the contentious-administrative jurisdiction by the High Courts of Justice in the period 2008–2020, in the specialty of neurosurgery. The variables were administrative, clinical, judicial, and compensatory.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 1015 rullings were analysed, of which 38 (3.74%) were related to neurosurgery. A total of 51.85% of the judgements were dismissed at first instance and 88.88% at second instance. The most frequent reason in the judgements upholding the compensation requested by the patients was lack of information: 8 (53.33%). The most frequently claimed damage was sequelae: 31 (81.57%). The medical activity most related to the claims was spinal surgery: 23 (60.52%). The median award was 40 000 euros, with a range of 5000–78 285 euros.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In the Spanish public health system, the specialty of neurosurgery is not among the most demanded. Most of the rullings (60%) reject the compensation requested and, therefore, are favourable to the health services. In the case of an upheld decision, lack of information is the most frequent reason for breach of the lex artis. These data contribute to improving the knowledge of professionals in the medical-legal aspects of healthcare and invite the formulation of further studies contrasting the Spanish data with those of other countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 101-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92140497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The improvements in forensic toxicology and its role in the forensic process (I)","authors":"Maria Luisa Soria","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2022.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2022.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The scope of forensic toxicology<span> services has currently become technically and intellectually so demanding. As our society progresses, it becomes more complex, and crime takes place in different ways. The development of highly sensitive detection techniques and appropriate data processing has enabled the analysis of a wide range of compounds, now in a wider range of matrices. Multiple associated technological innovations such as artificial intelligence or </span></span>chemometric techniques, provide forensic toxicologists with different tools to facilitate the management of a multitude of generated data, or to devise a more effective analytical strategy.</p><p>The role of forensic toxicology in the forensic process is reliable and relevant for the resolution of criminal cases but it is still in development to minimize or overcome its deficiencies. In this context, it is necessary to work with a qualified system able to ensure the reliability of the results and that guarantees security to the judicial system and therefore to the citizen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 107-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91639288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of injuries in 702 cases of sexual assault in Alicante (Spain) during the years (2016–2020)","authors":"Clara Vega-Vega ,&nbsp;Esperanza Navarro-Escayola ,&nbsp;Rafael Bañón-González","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The aim of this paper is to analyse the characteristics of the victims and the circumstances of sexual violence related with the risk of physical lesions, as well as to determine the frequency and severity of the injuries.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Descriptive study of 702 cases of sexual assault attended at the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Alicante between the years 2016 and 2020. A comparative study was carried out between victims with and without injuries, to identify the variables associated to their presentation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>314 victims attended showed physical injuries (44.8%). Profile of the victims with injuries were women (95.5%), aged 18–27 years (31.3%), and previous alcohol consumption (50%). Injuries physical were mainly extragenital (38.6%), anogenital (15%), or both, and most cases were mild in severity (97.5%). Recovery was less to 1 week (83.4%) and without aftermath (97.1%). When the victim showed aftermath (9 cases), the most frequent were psychological type (1.6%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Physical injuries in sexual violence is related with circumstances of victim vulnerability: women, age between 18 and 27 years, and previous alcohol consumption.</p><p>Our study shows that anogenital lesions are absent in a significative number of victims of sexual assault, so this absence cannot exclude sexual violence. The lesions found are mild in severity, and the absence of physical aftermath in most of the victims may be conditioned by the scarce follow-up of them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 82-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91639289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anastomotical pseudoaneurysm rupture as a late complication of thoracic aortoplasty with patch. About a case","authors":"Manuel Alfonso Aparcero Fernández del Campo ,&nbsp;Valeriano Muñoz Hernández ,&nbsp;Carolina Arroyo García ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Bohórquez Sierra","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 120-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89989019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine: An online-only journal","authors":"Eneko Barbería ,&nbsp;Carles Martin-Fumadó ,&nbsp;Alexandre Xifró ,&nbsp;Esperanza Luisa Gómez-Durán ,&nbsp;Josep Arimany-Manso ,&nbsp;Amadeo Pujol-Robinat","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 79-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91639290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The improvements in forensic toxicology and its role in the forensic process (I)","authors":"M. L. Soria","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2022.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2022.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90348900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased post-hospital mortality of polypathological patients during COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"F. Martos-Pérez, M. Martín-Escalante, M. Corrales-González, F. Rivas-Ruíz, A. Jiménez-Puente, M. Noureddine-López, J. Olalla-Sierra, J. García-Alegría","doi":"10.24875/sjmed.23000002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/sjmed.23000002","url":null,"abstract":"Background : The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on post-hospital mortality of polypathological patients is unknown. Methods : We compared two cohorts of polypathological patients: patients discharged during the first quarter of the years 2017-2019 (pre-pan-demic cohort), and patients discharged in the first quarter of 2020 (pandemic cohort). Demographic characteristics, prognostic PROFUND score, use of hospital services after discharge, and vital status at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were compared. The influence of the pandemic on 3, 6, and 12-month mortality was analyzed with a multivariant model, including gender, age, and prognostic PROFUND score. Results : The pre-pandemic (512 patients) and pandemic (132 patients) cohorts were similar in age (mean 78.8 vs. 79.1-year-old, respectively) and PROFUND prognostic index > 10 (31.9% vs. 37.4%, respectively). There were more men in the prepandemic cohort (59% vs. 49.6%, respectively, p = 0.06). The accumulated 6-month mortality was higher in the pandemic cohort (39.4% vs. 28.7%; p = 0.02), but not at 1, 3, and 12 months. A significant higher risk of accumulated mortality at 6 months in the pandemic cohort remained in multivariant analysis (Odds ratios: 1.63; IC95%: 1.07-2.48). Significant reduction in specialized healthcare utilization during the 12-month period after discharge was found in the pandemic cohort: 42% less emergency visits (p = 0.001), 30% less external office visits (p = 0.023), and 58% less hospitalizations (p = 0.001). Conclusions : Risk of 6-month accumulated mortality of polypathological patients discharged around the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was 63% higher than historic controls. These differences disappeared 12 months after discharge.","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73523708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antagonistas de los receptores de la endotelina","authors":"A. Recio-Mayoral","doi":"10.24875/sjmed.m22000012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/sjmed.m22000012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88369764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hipertensión pulmonar en conectivopatías","authors":"Clara I. Soto-Abánades","doi":"10.24875/sjmed.m22000014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/sjmed.m22000014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82073068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}