Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of alleged sexual misconduct by physicians in the practice of medicine","authors":"Maria Espín-Sans ,&nbsp;Carles Martin-Fumadó ,&nbsp;Josep Arimany-Manso","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Some physicians are singled out for sexual misconduct in a professional practice. Knowledge of the characteristics of such cases may allow their prevention and the development of recommendations regarding this.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Review of the files for alleged offences against sexual freedom among the 11,273 complaints of the Council of Medical Associations of Catalonia (CMAC) and the judicial database ‘vLex’ (1985-August 2024).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>76 cases were obtained, studying the present elements and comparing them according to resolution (conviction or acquittal).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The sample size conditions the analysis. However, the difficult access to these cases and their relevance gives great value to the study. The elements presented should be evaluated in each specific case and their judicial treatment is subject to interpretation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Better information is recommended regarding about the need for a physical exam, its consent, the need to remove clothing, the use of gloves, inappropriate comments and the presence of a witness is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 500452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexually inappropriate behavior in professional practice: Complaints to the Medical Ethics Tribunal (Uruguay, 2012–2024)","authors":"Evangelina Pérez Real,&nbsp;Jessica Filosi Piedrahíta,&nbsp;Natalia Bazán Hernández,&nbsp;Hugo Rodríguez Almada","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Sexual violence is a globally prevalent phenomenon that impacts all sectors, including the medical profession. Several publications have raised concerns about inappropriate sexual behavior in professional practice. This is the first Uruguayan report, aimed at systematically organizing the complaints submitted regarding these sexual transgressions to the official tribunal responsible for the ethical oversight of the profession.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This is a retrospective, observational study examining the judgments issued since 2012.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Complaints related to this issue constituted 11.77 % of the total. All physicians reported were male. Psychiatrists and gynecologists were the most frequently cited specialists and received the most severe sanctions. Nearly all complainants were women. Many complaints involved physical contact and verbal abuse and almost all complaints resulted in sanctions against the physicians, including professional suspensions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The limited number of cases requires caution in conclusions. From the data we report, based on all reported cases, the following emerges: 1) Inappropriate sexual behaviors in professional settings are not exceptional. 2) They are underrepresented within the realm of complaints related to breaches of medical ethics. 3) These behaviors reflect gender inequality and are exacerbated by other asymmetries inherent in the clinical relationship and hierarchical structures. 4) Users of mental health and gynecological services are particularly vulnerable. 5) Despite evidentiary challenges, legal proceedings succeed in overcoming the presumption of innocence and sanctioning offenders. 6) A lack of national regulations with greater specificity for such transgressions was observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 500434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal aspects of the presence of minors in social networks and the promotion of cosmetic products in Spain","authors":"Miguel Antonio Lasheras-Pérez ,&nbsp;Begoña Martínez-Jarreta ,&nbsp;Begoña Escutia-Muñoz ,&nbsp;Rafael Botella-Estrada","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500454","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 500454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical forensic response during the flood in Valencia (Spain), October 29th, 2024","authors":"Alfonso Colorado Casado de Amezúa,&nbsp;Elvira Garrido-Lestache López-Belmonte,&nbsp;Juan Giner Blasco","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flood in Valencia (Spain) has so far caused 224 casualties, making it the catastrophic event with the highest number of fatalities in Spain's recent history. This catastrophe involving a high number of victims, a large geographical extension and the destruction of infrastructures posed a major challenge to the forensic response. This article presents the work carried out during an open disaster, following the adhesion of the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science of Valencia to the application of ‘Real Decreto 32/2009 approving the National Protocol for Forensic and Scientific Police intervention in multiple casualties events’ in Spain. The excellent performance of the members of the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science of Valencia and the rest of Institutes of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science of Spain, together with the specialists of the Civil Guard and National Police corps, allowed the fast and efficient location, transfer, autopsy, identification and delivery of all the victims to their relatives. Likewise, some recommendations for action are suggested as a result of the experience acquired to face future events of similar characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 500459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maxillofacial injury in gender violence: Descriptive study of cases from Valparaíso, Chile","authors":"Denisse Lagos Tissie ,&nbsp;Marcos Faúndes Pinto ,&nbsp;Jesús Silva Melo ,&nbsp;Alejandra Montoya Barrena ,&nbsp;Camila Contreras Vicencio","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Violence against women is one of the most widespread violations of human rights globally. In these cases, it is common to find injuries in the maxillofacial area, which can leave various types of sequelae.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To characterize maxillofacial injuries from the examinations carried out under the Gender Protocol at the Valparaíso Legal Medical Service, Chile.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A qualitative retrospective study was conducted using data collected from maxillofacial injury reports conducted between 2020 and 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 51 examinations were analyzed: the age of the victims ranged from 21–73 years, with the majority being homemakers and unmarried. In most cases, the aggressions were perpetrated by the women's current partners at their shared residence. In nearly a third of the cases, the aggression occurred in the presence of minors. The most commonly used injurious mechanisms were blunt and asphyxiation. There were injuries to soft tissues and hard tissues. The medicolegal prognosis in the majority of cases was less severe.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The evaluation of maxillofacial injuries by a dentist is fundamental, especially to assess intraoral injuries. Dentists should be familiar with forensic dentistry in these contexts, in order to accurately document injuries and contribute to the administration of justice. Professionals who tend to these victims should do so in an environment that provides support and comfort to the female victims, as the verification of injuries is often their first interaction with institutional authorities and can be decisive in their decision to proceed with legal action.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 500458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic intervention in the Valencia floods of October 2024","authors":"Eneko Barbería ,&nbsp;Marta Grijalba","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500471","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 500471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valencia's DANA of October 2024: The 12 days of the state of emergency in the province of Valencia (Spain)","authors":"Carmen Rodero Astaburuaga","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On October the 29th of 2024, the province of Valencia suffered one of the most devastating events because of the DANA meteorological phenomenon that destroyed several towns in L’Horta Sud. For a period of 12 days, the state of emergency was decreed and the forensic doctors of the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Valencia, together with the rest of the professionals, actively participated in the tasks of removing bodies, identifying and delivering bodies to relatives in a totally exceptional situation.</div><div>Perfect teamwork, Head of Justice, forensic doctors, officials of Management and Processing Assistance Corps, Physicians, laboratory assistants and technicians, autopsy assistants, psychologists, social workers, Legal Medicine residents, funeral company workers, cleaning workers, City of Justice cafeteria service, National Police, Civil Guard, Military Emergency Unit and informatic workers.</div><div>The physical and mental over exertion of all who participated under the orders of the Director of the Institute of Legal Medicine resulted in an exquisite work where values beyond the purely professional emerged. After 12 days of intense work, almost 200 victims of the catastrophe were fully identified and 200 families partially comforted and consoled. That’s the real meaning of our work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 500457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144320956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical-legal analysis of claims for patrimonial liability in primary health care and extra-hospital emergency services in the Community of Madrid","authors":"Fernando León Vázquez ,&nbsp;Ángel Nieto Sánchez ,&nbsp;Andrés S. Santiago-Sáez","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Primary care (PC) and out-of-hospital emergency services (SUMMA112) are high-risk areas for malpractice claims due to their volume of activity and inherent uncertainty. Compensation claims that do not involve criminal liability require a preliminary administrative procedure. We analyzed the reasons and outcomes of these resolutions.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This is a cross-sectional observational study of advisory opinions issued by the Legal Advisory Commission of the Community of Madrid regarding compensation claims for out-of-hospital healthcare liability between 2013 and 2022. The variables analyzed included administrative, clinical, judicial, temporal, and compensatory factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 616 rulings, 75 (12.2%) were related to out-of-hospital care: 43 (57.3%) in family medicine in PC and 28 (37.3%) in SUMMA112. Of these 42.7% were partially or fully upheld. The median compensation was €37,744 (range €600–€370,000). The 34 (45.3%) patients who died received more favorable outcomes (55.9% vs. 31.7%) with higher compensations (€47,900 vs. €22,900). The average delay between the claim and the opinion was 775 days. Reasons for claims included delayed or erroneous diagnosis in 42 cases (50,6%), treatment errors in 14 (16,9%), malpractice in 10 (12%), informed consent issues in 9 (10,8%) and adverse treatment effects in 7 (8,4%). The most frequent diseases were acute cardiovascular conditions (27%, including myocardial infarction and stroke), oncological diseases (16%), vaccine-related incidents (8%), and trauma (8%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Acute cardiovascular and oncological pathologies generated the highest number of claims. Diagnostic delay or error was the primary reason cited, often linked to the loss of opportunity. Less than half of the claims were upheld, with compensation amounts significantly lower than those requested, and higher amounts awarded in cases involving patient death. Resolution times exceeded two years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 2","pages":"Article 500453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral condyloma acuminatum in a 7 years old girl. Medico-legal controversy about mode of transmission","authors":"Carlos Chérrez Bermejo ,&nbsp;María Ilundáin Cabedo ,&nbsp;Guillermo Cabero López ,&nbsp;Isabel Ibarrola Hermoso de Mendoza ,&nbsp;Raquel Amatriain Pileño ,&nbsp;María Muñiz Lorenzo","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.100423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.100423","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":"Article 100423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide attempt by police officer: A case in point","authors":"Francisco J. Pera ,&nbsp;Rosa M. Marote ,&nbsp;Teresa Elegido ,&nbsp;Irene L. Álvarez ,&nbsp;Julia Benéitez","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.100425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.100425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Throughout their professional life, forensic doctors and psychiatric specialists are often confronted with suicide, whether attempted or completed. However, the type of suicide mechanism that we describe in this article (suicide attempt by police officer: a case in point) is highly infrequent in our environment, although not in other cultures. So much so that, with more than one hundred years of professional practice between all the authors, this is the first time that we have been confronted with this suicide mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":"Article 100425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}