Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine最新文献_第3页

Psychogeriatrics and criminal justice: Particularities and recommendations 老年精神病学和刑事司法：特殊性和建议

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500480

Marc Peraire , Aitana Fillol , Anna Moreno-Beltrán , Mar Cabañés-Suñer , Vicenç Tort , María Sampedro-Vidal

{"title":"Psychogeriatrics and criminal justice: Particularities and recommendations","authors":"Marc Peraire , Aitana Fillol , Anna Moreno-Beltrán , Mar Cabañés-Suñer , Vicenç Tort , María Sampedro-Vidal","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Population aging is leading to an increase in the number of older adults interacting with the criminal justice system. These individuals present specific characteristics, as they suffer from mental disorders (affective, cognitive, substance abuse) that increase their vulnerability, explain some criminal behaviors, and determine their criminal involvement. However, no studies delve into the need to adapt the judicial process to psychogeriatrics. A narrative review is conducted to synthesize the existing evidence regarding pre-trial considerations (competency assessment), during prison stays (adapting the context to their vulnerability), and regarding security measures. Published works, in Spanish or English, up to May 2025 are examined, including 32 publications. The scientific literature analyzed concludes that older adults require a specific competency assessment before becoming involved in judicial proceedings, to rule out intellectual impairments that impair their ability to argue or defend themselves. The existence of mental disorders that may have contributed to the characteristics of the crime (which tend to be impulsive, recurrent, and sexual) should be studied, and the prison environment should be adapted in the case of a custodial sentence, considering the fragility of the inmate. Finally, post-sentence reintegration plans should be promoted, supported by community support and adapted to the particular vulnerability of the offenders due to physical and psychological comorbidities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"Article 500480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the knowledge of the organic law for the regulation of euthanasia among medical professionals in eastern Andalusia 东安达卢西亚医疗专业人员对安乐死管理组织法知识的研究

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500490

Lucas González-Herrera, Ana Belén Márquez-Ruiz, Elena Miguel-García, Aurora Valenzuela-Garach

{"title":"Study on the knowledge of the organic law for the regulation of euthanasia among medical professionals in eastern Andalusia","authors":"Lucas González-Herrera, Ana Belén Márquez-Ruiz, Elena Miguel-García, Aurora Valenzuela-Garach","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The incorporation of the provision of aid in dying to the common portfolio of services of the National Health System, after the approval of the Organic Law for the Regulation of Euthanasia (LORE), raises the need to investigate the knowledge of medical professionals about the processes of application of this procedure.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A self-administered online questionnaire of 25 questions was distributed among 2,386 medical practitioners involved in the clinical training of the students enrolled in the Degree in Medicine at the University of Granada.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>436 medical professionals (50.2% women) answered the survey. The specialty of Family and Community Medicine contributed the highest number of participants (20.4%). Around 60% of the physicians did not know the legal requirements that must be met by the patient requesting aid in dying or the role of the responsible physician and the consultant physician. 33.5% of the respondents declared that they would request conscientious objection if necessary and only 14.4% stated that they had received any specific training course in their workplace. More than 80% of the specialists did not consider themselves prepared to deal with this procedure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of this study indicate that the level of knowledge of the medical professionals surveyed about key aspects of LORE may still be insufficient, pointing out the need to reinforce their training to offer a better response to euthanasia contexts and ensure adequate access to this service for patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"Article 500490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epidemiology of legal and illegal substance use in violent deaths in a southern Chilean region, 2015–2022 2015-2022年智利南部地区合法和非法药物使用导致暴力死亡的流行病学研究

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500486

Cristóbal Reyes , Nicolas Huaiquinao , Francisca Acevedo

{"title":"Epidemiology of legal and illegal substance use in violent deaths in a southern Chilean region, 2015–2022","authors":"Cristóbal Reyes , Nicolas Huaiquinao , Francisca Acevedo","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Drug and alcohol consumption is closely associated with social determinants such as poverty, inequality, and violence. The Araucanía Region in southern Chile, one of the country's poorest areas, was the focus of this epidemiological study analyzing the relationship between licit and illicit substance use and violent deaths from 2015 to 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the Legal Medical Service (SML), responsible for forensic examinations in judicial cases, were standardized and analyzed to allow comparisons with national and international studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Homicides showed the highest correlation with positive toxicological findings (23.8%), primarily involving cocaine combined with alcohol and cannabis. Suicide recorded 22.3% of cases with detected substances, notably elevated cocaine and alcohol consumption linked to impulsive behavior. In traffic accidents, with 14.0% of positive cases, benzodiazepines were the most frequently found, followed by cannabis. A sustained increase in fatal cases involving polydrug use was also observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results highlight the significant role of substance use in violent death contexts and underscore the urgent need to strengthen prevention, control, and treatment strategies for drug use within a comprehensive public health and security framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"Article 500486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The evolution of Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine 《西班牙法律医学杂志》的演变

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500491

Carles Martin-Fumadó, Amadeo Pujol-Robinat, Eneko Barbería-Marcalain, Esperanza L. Gómez-Durán, Alexandre Xifró-Collsamata, Josep Arimany-Manso

引用次数: 0

Advances in nomenclature for the implementation of forensic genomics 法医基因组学实施的术语研究进展

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500477

Mayra Elizabeth García-Aceves , José Alonso Aguilar-Velázquez , Héctor Rangel-Villalobos

{"title":"Advances in nomenclature for the implementation of forensic genomics","authors":"Mayra Elizabeth García-Aceves , José Alonso Aguilar-Velázquez , Héctor Rangel-Villalobos","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review provides an overview of the main commercial platforms and kits available for forensic genomics based on massively parallel sequencing (MPS). Different possibilities and advantages are described, such as the definition of sequence-based (SB) alleles to increase the capacity to establish complex kinship relationships, compared to length-based (LB) alleles generated by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Recently, the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG) made recommendations on the nomenclature of SB alleles based on the definition of a <em>minimum range</em> of sequence for the most commonly used STRs in forensic genetics. This makes it possible to unify results across kits, software, and laboratories to compare STR profiles and develop population databases. The three essential bioinformatics resources for these purposes are described: (1) FSSG (Forensic Sequence STRucture Guide); (2) STRiDER (STR for the identity of the ENFSI reference database); and (3) STRSeq (STR sequencing project). In addition, for the automatic and consistent application of this nomenclature, the ISFG suggests the software FDSTools and STRNaming for allelic designation based on the STR structure (e.g., D13S317 CE11_TATC[12]AATC[1]ATCT[3]). However, for routine forensic casework, it would be more useful to use short, human-readable sequence codes that facilitate interlaboratory comparisons. In this regard, the ISFG describes the SID (Sequence Identifier) platform, which uses an algorithm to generate automatically STR sequence codes (e.g., D13S317_11_IUSW). Although more work remains to be done, this is a major step towards the global implementation of forensic genomics, and understanding it is essential for future progress. This review aims to contribute to this goal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"Article 500477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-fatal injuries caused by corrosive chemical agents in Colombia between 2018 and 2021: Characterization of victims, perpetrators, and contextual factors 2018年至2021年期间哥伦比亚腐蚀性化学制剂造成的非致命伤害：受害者、肇事者和背景因素的特征

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500479

Daniela María Romero-Chacón , Laura Marcela Chavez-Rodríguez , Sergio Andres León-Ariza , Daniela Pulido-Díaz

{"title":"Non-fatal injuries caused by corrosive chemical agents in Colombia between 2018 and 2021: Characterization of victims, perpetrators, and contextual factors","authors":"Daniela María Romero-Chacón , Laura Marcela Chavez-Rodríguez , Sergio Andres León-Ariza , Daniela Pulido-Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Attacks involving corrosive chemical agents represent an extreme form of violence, frequently linked to gender-based violence, resulting in irreversible physical injuries, psychosocial harm, and functional loss. In Colombia, the phenomenon has been underestimated due to imprecise classifications. This study aims to characterize the victims, alleged perpetrators, and contextual factors related to non-fatal injuries caused by corrosive chemical agents between 2018 and 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This is a retrospective observational study. A total of 800 cases recorded by the Colombian National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences (INML) were reviewed. After applying inclusion criteria based on the Natalia Ponce de León Law, 105 cases were classified as corrosive chemical injuries. Descriptive statistics were applied, followed by logistic regression to identify associated risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 72.4% of the victims were women, and 71.8% of perpetrators were men. 77% of the attacks occurred in the context of interpersonal violence, and 48.6% of the victims had a low level of education. Both female sex (OR = 2.73; p < 0.001) and single marital status (OR = 1.78; p = 0.041) showed independent and significant associations with the likelihood of experiencing such an attack. Most cases occurred in urban settings and public spaces.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Corrosive chemical injuries in Colombia reflect a gender-based violence pattern, with close male aggressors and structurally vulnerable victims. There is an urgent need to improve forensic data accuracy, enhance comprehensive victim care, and implement public policies aimed at prevention, legal protection, and access to justice, especially in rural and socioeconomically disadvantaged areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"Article 500479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can dorsal knuckle creases facilitate human identification in forensic medicine? A pilot study 指关节背的折痕能在法医学上方便人体鉴定吗？一项初步研究

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500478

Ana Tellez-García , Juan Suárez , Leticia Rubio , Stella Martín-de-las-Heras , Ignacio Santos

{"title":"Can dorsal knuckle creases facilitate human identification in forensic medicine? A pilot study","authors":"Ana Tellez-García , Juan Suárez , Leticia Rubio , Stella Martín-de-las-Heras , Ignacio Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.remle.2025.500478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In many forensic investigations into cases of cyberbullying and online violence against minors, video footage can serve as crucial evidence, as it allows the identification of the perpetrator's physical features. Although the face is often concealed, other parts of the body are frequently exposed and can be revealing.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study analyzes the horizontal linear folds (HLFs) on the dorsal aspect of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) of the dorsum of the hands as a unique anatomical feature for human identification with legal value in forensic medicine.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Real and ideal scenarios were performed to obtain doubtful and doubtless images of the dorsal hands by a webcam and a high-resolution camera, respectively. The presence and number of HLF from 112 dorsal PIPJs (4 fingers, 2 hands, 14 individuals) were quantified and statistically compared by analyzing the similarity between sample groups using Sorensen-Dice coefficient and Jaccard index.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HLF resulted in a sensitivity (positive identification) of 78.57%, but a specificity (negative identification) of 26.1% (area under ROC curve = 55.3%). Visual inspection of doubtful and doubtless samples achieved a 100% match in human identification.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The morphological variability and unique pattern of the HLF can be used as a simplified method to delimit human identification in forensic medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"51 4","pages":"Article 500478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Infarcted adrenal myelolipoma: Finding in a pluripathologic patient 梗死性肾上腺骨髓瘤：多病理患者的发现

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500462

Fernando Martín Cazorla , Mónica Tirado Pascual , Sergio Antonio Ranea Jimena , Mónica López García

引用次数: 0

In memoriam, prof María Castellano Arroyo 为了纪念María卡斯特拉诺·阿罗约教授

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500474

Aurelio Luna Maldonado

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The specialty in Legal and Forensic Medicine from the Teaching Unit of Zaragoza: Internal organization and particularities 萨拉戈萨教学单位的法律和法医学专业：内部组织和特殊性

Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.remle.2025.500435

Elena Giraldo Pedraza, Laura Arricibita Aspurz, José David Blázquez Alcázar, Salvador Baena Pinilla

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