Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiological characterization and findings in homicides due to suffocation with plastic bags in the city of Medellín, Colombia 2008-2021","authors":"Jorge Iván Pareja-Pineda","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>This study describes the characteristics of the victims of deaths by homicidal suffocation<span> with plastic bags in the period between 2008 and 2021, in autopsies performed at the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of the city of Medellin.</span></p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>A descriptive, retrospective study was carried out, whose information was obtained from the autopsy reports made by forensic doctors of the institution.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 38 772 autopsies performed, 17 703 were homicides, of which 96 (0.54%) were due to the use of plastic bags to produce death. Of the 96 cases analyzed, 92.7% (89) corresponded to men and 7.3% (7) to women. The young male population between the ages of 15 and 27 was the most affected; 74.4% (71) entered as unidentified corpses and in 17.1% (14) the diagnosis of torture was considered within the analysis of the legal medical necropsy.</p><p><span><span>The findings of suffocation in the external examination were facial congestion 67.1% (55), petechiae in the conjunctivae 63.4% (52), petechiae on the face 28.0% (23), lesions in the internal </span>oral mucosa 61.0% (50), and abrasions in the labial commissures 25.6% (21) due to the use of foreign elements in the </span>oral cavity or the application of maneuvers to cause asphyxia. 58.5% (56) presented signs of trauma in other parts of the body that did not explain the cause of death. 36.4% (35) had plastic bags covering the head and adjusted to the neck with some element, 32.3% (31) transparent tape attached to the plastic bag that covered the head, and 31.3% (30) presented a plastic film with the trade name Vinipel MR. 76.8% (73) had their hands and feet tied when the body was found at the scene.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This is the first step to obtain information on the characterization of individuals and their macroscopic findings related to homicide deaths due to suffocation with plastic bags, to warn about the actions of organized criminal groups and their practices in the transnational context. However, its analysis requires an adequate exploration of the scene, the results of the investigations carried out by the authority and the performance of an exhaustive necropsy to achieve a diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 151-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138484123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on the neurobiological, clinical and treatment aspects of gambling disorder","authors":"Neus Solé-Morata ,&nbsp;Fernando Fernández-Aranda ,&nbsp;Isabel Baenas ,&nbsp;Mónica Gómez-Peña ,&nbsp;Laura Moragas ,&nbsp;Milagros Lizbeth Lara-Huallipe ,&nbsp;Bernat Mora-Maltas ,&nbsp;Anahí Gaspar ,&nbsp;Lucía Camacho-Barcia ,&nbsp;Ignacio Lucas ,&nbsp;Lucero Munguía ,&nbsp;Susana Jiménez-Murcia","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Gambling is an increasingly more common activity in our society, especially with the advent of new gambling modalities, such as online gambling. Although many people gamble without undergoing health problems<span>, some individuals develop gambling disorder<span> (GD). In recent years, the concern about this disorder has growth substantially among researchers and clinicians, and the number of studies exploring its etiopathogenesis and risk factors has increased significantly. Indeed, certain groups of individuals may have an elevated risk for GD; for example, being male, young, people with low socioeconomic, high impulsivity, and emotional instability. From a neurobiological perspective, GD has been associated with alterations in </span></span></span>neurotransmitter<span> systems involved in motivation and reward processing. Likewise, some studies have reported that hormonal factors may play an important role in the development and maintenance of GD. Taken together, all these findings have contributed to the improvement of preventive and treatment interventions of gambling disorder. However, further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of this disorder. The present review offers an update on the main clinical, neurobiological, and treatment aspects of gambling disorder.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 157-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138484898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Searching differences in patients with heart failure with clinical suspicion of cardiac amyloidosis: the REGAMIC study design","authors":"Prado Salamanca-Bautista, Rocío Ruíz-Hueso, M. Á. Rico-Corral, J. Casado-Cerrada, S. Yun-Viladomat, Á. González-Franco, A. Conde-Martel, P. Llácer-Iborra, J. C. Arévalo-Lorido, M. A. Quesada Simón, M. Sánchez-Marteles, E. Carmona-Nimo, Ó. Aramburu-Bodas","doi":"10.24875/sjmed.23000005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/sjmed.23000005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72912783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of the usefulness of VEXUS score in the diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome cardiorenal: a narrative review","authors":"Maria D. González-Vázquez, Gonzalo García Casasola-Sánchez, Y. Tung-Chen","doi":"10.24875/sjmed.23000004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/sjmed.23000004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74414209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iatrogenic gas embolism","authors":"Mercè Subirana-Domènech,&nbsp;Diego Anglada-Gotor,&nbsp;Helena Martínez-Alcázar","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 118-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91591558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of three methods of extracting DNA from skeletal remains obtained from three taphonomic contexts","authors":"Lucero I. Portuguéz Ramírez ,&nbsp;Dan E. Vivas-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Roberto C. Parra Chinchilla ,&nbsp;Nelson O. Rivera Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The extraction techniques of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from old bone samples are based on the use of complex methodologies, which deal with the degradation of the sample, the low amount of DNA, and the presence of inhibitors that can be extracted simultaneously.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To compare the efficiency in obtaining DNA from the methods: organic extraction, commercial kit, and previous total demineralization<span>, to obtain STR profiles of old bone samples from 3 taphonomic processes (alkaline, acid, and moist mitotic).</span></p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>29 skeletal remains from 3 different taphonomic contexts were processed: acidic, alkaline, and wet-fungal. The amount of DNA obtained from 3 methodologies was evaluated in a comparative manner: organic extraction method (phenol–chloroform–isoamyl alcohol) (SO), extraction by silica column KIT QIAamp® DNA Investigator of QIAgen® (KC), and the methodology of extraction by previous total demineralization (DP). Finally, the obtaining of the STR profiles from the methodology of greater performance was tested.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The following quantification values were obtained: (i) alkaline medium: 0.068<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.07 ng/μL (SO), 0.021<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.01 ng/μL (KC), and 0.073<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.052 ng/μL (DP); (ii) acidic medium: 0.098<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.064 ng/μL (SO), 0.041<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.029 ng/μL (KC), and 0.068<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.042 ng/μL; (iii) wet-mitotic medium: 0.25<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.061 ng/μL (SO), 0.04<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.027 ng/μL (KC), and 0.15<!--> <!-->±<!--> <span>0.072 ng/μL (DP). Likewise, using the DNA samples obtained by the SO method, complete profiles were obtained for the wet taphonomic context while the alkaline taphonomic process proved to be the most drastic for DNA degradation, presenting a greater number of incomplete profiles.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The methodology of organic extraction was optimal in obtaining DNA from the 3 taphonomic processes evaluated. On the other hand, the wet-fungal taphonomic process is the one that produces the least negative impact on the preservation of DNA from skeletal remains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91639291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurosurgery and litigation: An observational study of liability for damages in public neurosurgical practice in Spain","authors":"Mónica Hernández-Herrero,&nbsp;Joaquin Cayón de las Cuevas","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><p>Neurosurgery has been internationally considered a “high risk” specialty for lawsuits. The aim of this observational study was to analyse the characteristics of medical liability judgements in Spain for damages caused by the practice of neurosurgery in Spanish public healthcare.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Cross-sectional observational study analysing the rulings handed down in the contentious-administrative jurisdiction by the High Courts of Justice in the period 2008–2020, in the specialty of neurosurgery. The variables were administrative, clinical, judicial, and compensatory.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 1015 rullings were analysed, of which 38 (3.74%) were related to neurosurgery. A total of 51.85% of the judgements were dismissed at first instance and 88.88% at second instance. The most frequent reason in the judgements upholding the compensation requested by the patients was lack of information: 8 (53.33%). The most frequently claimed damage was sequelae: 31 (81.57%). The medical activity most related to the claims was spinal surgery: 23 (60.52%). The median award was 40 000 euros, with a range of 5000–78 285 euros.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In the Spanish public health system, the specialty of neurosurgery is not among the most demanded. Most of the rullings (60%) reject the compensation requested and, therefore, are favourable to the health services. In the case of an upheld decision, lack of information is the most frequent reason for breach of the lex artis. These data contribute to improving the knowledge of professionals in the medical-legal aspects of healthcare and invite the formulation of further studies contrasting the Spanish data with those of other countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 101-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92140497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The improvements in forensic toxicology and its role in the forensic process (I)","authors":"Maria Luisa Soria","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2022.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2022.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The scope of forensic toxicology<span> services has currently become technically and intellectually so demanding. As our society progresses, it becomes more complex, and crime takes place in different ways. The development of highly sensitive detection techniques and appropriate data processing has enabled the analysis of a wide range of compounds, now in a wider range of matrices. Multiple associated technological innovations such as artificial intelligence or </span></span>chemometric techniques, provide forensic toxicologists with different tools to facilitate the management of a multitude of generated data, or to devise a more effective analytical strategy.</p><p>The role of forensic toxicology in the forensic process is reliable and relevant for the resolution of criminal cases but it is still in development to minimize or overcome its deficiencies. In this context, it is necessary to work with a qualified system able to ensure the reliability of the results and that guarantees security to the judicial system and therefore to the citizen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 107-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91639288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anastomotical pseudoaneurysm rupture as a late complication of thoracic aortoplasty with patch. About a case","authors":"Manuel Alfonso Aparcero Fernández del Campo ,&nbsp;Valeriano Muñoz Hernández ,&nbsp;Carolina Arroyo García ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Bohórquez Sierra","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 120-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89989019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of injuries in 702 cases of sexual assault in Alicante (Spain) during the years (2016–2020)","authors":"Clara Vega-Vega ,&nbsp;Esperanza Navarro-Escayola ,&nbsp;Rafael Bañón-González","doi":"10.1016/j.remle.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.remle.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The aim of this paper is to analyse the characteristics of the victims and the circumstances of sexual violence related with the risk of physical lesions, as well as to determine the frequency and severity of the injuries.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Descriptive study of 702 cases of sexual assault attended at the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Alicante between the years 2016 and 2020. A comparative study was carried out between victims with and without injuries, to identify the variables associated to their presentation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>314 victims attended showed physical injuries (44.8%). Profile of the victims with injuries were women (95.5%), aged 18–27 years (31.3%), and previous alcohol consumption (50%). Injuries physical were mainly extragenital (38.6%), anogenital (15%), or both, and most cases were mild in severity (97.5%). Recovery was less to 1 week (83.4%) and without aftermath (97.1%). When the victim showed aftermath (9 cases), the most frequent were psychological type (1.6%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Physical injuries in sexual violence is related with circumstances of victim vulnerability: women, age between 18 and 27 years, and previous alcohol consumption.</p><p>Our study shows that anogenital lesions are absent in a significative number of victims of sexual assault, so this absence cannot exclude sexual violence. The lesions found are mild in severity, and the absence of physical aftermath in most of the victims may be conditioned by the scarce follow-up of them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101178,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 82-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91639289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}