Science Talks最新文献

{"title":"Augmented reality visualization of biomechanical wall stresses on abdominal aortic aneurysms using artificial intelligence","authors":"Timothy K. Chung ,&nbsp;Pete H. Gueldner ,&nbsp;Aakash K. Kottakota ,&nbsp;Christian N. Hangey ,&nbsp;Jason Y. Lee ,&nbsp;Nathan L. Liang ,&nbsp;David A. Vorp","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The number of medical images taken has continued to increase year over year for an aging population in the United States. It has been shown that patients understand their diagnoses better when shown a 2D or 3D image of their respective diseases. However, clinicians do not regularly show patients their images as it requires additional time and processing. In this experiment, we demonstrate the use of augmented reality to visualize abdominal aortic aneurysms using a previously developed artificial intelligence engine. Our group further expanded the number of cases used for training the stress prediction model to a total of 274 patients (206 used for training or ∼ 5.4 million nodes, and 68 for testing or ∼1.8 million nodes). Medical images undergo automated segmentation, and wall stresses are predicted on the 3D surface of aneurysms to view a heat map. The pipeline includes introducing elements into the Microsoft HoloLens 2 ecosystem to view models and additional analytics, enabling clinicians and patients to view the biomechanical status without the need for a computational or imaging expert. The proposed clinical workflow would allow a local server to process medical imaging data, generate point clouds, predict wall stresses on individual points, and create a 3D model with a colormap to view in augmented reality. The study revealed that neural networks and ensemble boosted tress models predicted the wall stresses more accurately (when compared to ground truth finite element analysis results). The approach is not limited to the HoloLens 2 ecosystem but can be used with other emerging augmented or virtual reality hardware systems.</div><div>Summary: Patient understanding of their diagnosis improves when they are shown medical images by clinicians. An artificial intelligence-based clinical workflow has been developed to visualize the biomechanical status using augmented reality, providing additional information to clinicians and patients. Our research improves the tools that are available to clinicians and patients to help provide a better understanding of diagnosis and potentially prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) transforming multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis","authors":"Landoline Bonnin ,&nbsp;Pascal Bourdon ,&nbsp;Carole Guillevin ,&nbsp;Remy Guillevin ,&nbsp;Clement Giraud ,&nbsp;Christine Fernandez-Maloigne","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anna is one of the 1.8 million people worldwide with multiple sclerosis who live with the uncertainty of disease progression every day [<span><span>1</span></span>]. Traditional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans every six months reveal brain lesions but can't predict how the disease will progress [<span><span>2</span></span>]. A new technology, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), shows promise in predicting disease progression by revealing cerebral metabolism and neurophysiological changes [<span><span>3</span></span>]. However, current MRS measurement methods vary between medical centers, affecting reliability [<span><span>[4]</span></span>, <span><span>[5]</span></span>, <span><span>[6]</span></span>]. Standardizing these measurements using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), which are more reliable than traditional neural networks because they are based on the physics of spectra, could ensure accurate, comparable results worldwide [<span><span>[7]</span></span>, <span><span>[8]</span></span>, <span><span>[9]</span></span>]. This would reassure doctors and patients like Anna, and potentially improve their quality of life by enabling earlier and more precise treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143204332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Counterfactual reasoning with vector autoregressive models","authors":"Kurt Butler,&nbsp;Marija Iloska,&nbsp;Petar M. Djurić","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this video article, accompanying the paper “On Counterfactual Interventions in Vector Autoregressive Models”, we consider the problem of counterfactual reasoning in a time series setting. Counterfactual reasoning allows us to explore hypothetical scenarios, in which different choices were made in the past, so that we can explore the effects of our actions. However, it is impossible to answer counterfactual questions without first having a causal model.</div><div>Here we address the problem using vector autoregressive (VAR) processes. We frame the inference of a causal model as a joint regression task where for inference we use both data with and without interventions. After inferring the causal model, we exploit linearity of the VAR model to make exact predictions about the system under counterfactual interventions. Under this approach, we may measure the total effect of any hypothetical intervention in the past.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobile library resources application: An academic library resource knowledge management","authors":"Charis B. Pasion ,&nbsp;Jose Naldrix D. Rivera","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2025.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Libraries are integral components in the information landscape that provide access to knowledge and resources crucial for learning. The ongoing pervasive digitalization of processes and services across the globe has reshaped industries, enhanced efficiency, and accelerated convenience. This transformation enabled people to access almost any information at the tip of their fingers. However, despite the widespread modernization, libraries still utilize manual processes and mainly offer resources limited to books. This led the researchers to develop the Mobile Library Resources Application to provide a comprehensive application that caters to the needs of the academe in terms of knowledge management and to enable users to access resources through the comfort of their phones. The study resulted being utilized by students for browsing not only books but also materials such as e-books, multimedia materials, and unpublished research using their smartphones. The application was evaluated by IT experts and students which yielded a high E-service quality level. With the ubiquity of smartphones, libraries can leverage this to update their technological infrastructure to provide more diverse materials and optimize their services in a way that users can access relevant information easily using the most prevalent gadget nowadays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated surface roughness classification using robot vision","authors":"Sanjay Krishnarao Darvekar ,&nbsp;Juttuka Yaswanth Sai Venkatesh ,&nbsp;Abbaraju Bala Koteswara Rao ,&nbsp;Ravi Sekhar ,&nbsp;Pritesh Shah ,&nbsp;Gautam Ingle","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A robot vision system, also known as a Machine Vision (MV) system, enables automatic inspection using image processing techniques. This research focuses on the classification of turned surface images into four categories (A, B, C, and D) using deep learning algorithms with transfer learning. Images were captured under varying machining conditions (speed, feed, depth of cut) as per a full factorial experimental design. The dataset was divided with 70 % for training, 15 % for validation, and 15 % for testing the algorithms. Surface roughness parameters were analyzed using a robot vision system, comprising a Mitsubishi articulated robot with 6 degrees of freedom and a 4 kg payload, and a Cognex In-Sight 7801 camera (1.3 MP, 1280 × 1024 resolution). The performance of the models was evaluated based on average accuracy. The system demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the surface finish inspection process in high-production industries, reducing labor costs, inspection time, operator errors, and setup requirements, thereby increasing productivity and lowering production costs<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patent landscape analysis: How to find information on hydrogen peroxide industrial syntheses","authors":"Massimo Barbieri","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this presentation is to provide an overview of the methodology employed in patent landscape analyses (PLA), with a particular focus on the patented processes used to produce hydrogen peroxide.</div><div>Patents are an essential source of technical knowledge that may not be found anywhere else. In a paper published in World Patent Information it is posited that 57 % of technical information can be found exclusively in patents. Even if the quantity of information is difficult to quantify, the rising number of patent applications demonstrates the growing importance of patents as a source of information.</div><div>A patent landscape is a specific type of patent search conducted with the objective of identifying the most recent inventions or to study the development of a particular technology.</div><div>An example of PLA is reported, focused on the industrial production of hydrogen peroxide. The search was carried out using a combination of classification schemes (IPC – International Patent Classification and CPC – Cooperative Patent Classification) and keywords.</div><div>The global patent landscape is dominated by China, the USA and Japan. The patenting trend indicates a rise in the number of filings for electrolytic and photocatalytic methods, with a notable acceleration in the latter.</div><div>These results can be beneficial for researchers and technology transfer professionals. Researchers may utilize these findings to develop new photocatalytic methods or enhance the alkyl anthraquinone auto-oxidation (AO) process, focusing on the catalytic systems and reactors utilized for the hydrogenation step, for example.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic visitor management system with pervasive mobile integration","authors":"Jose Naldrix D. Rivera","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protecting faculty, staff and student is one of the main obligations of any educational institution but having a visitor at school grounds may mean sacrificing their safety. Visitors who enter the school come for different reasons and intentions. Some are legitimate visitors but some are burglars and troublemakers that disrupt the educational process. This becomes the primary security challenge for many educational institutions. The gate entrance and security personnel are the primary line of defense of the school against unwanted visitor. On the other hand, legitimate visitors are very important for the school since they can be a potential client and potential marketer if they witness how good the school system and infrastructure is. Most schools are still using a traditional and paper-based method. The visitor fill-out their information in the log book which can be falsified and some hand writing were hard to read. Hence, the report submitted is unreliable when administrator or school employee ask for a particular purpose, like theft or fighting incident. In addition, instructions of office, student, or employee whereabouts is very time consuming. This research study addresses these issues by developing an academic visitor management system (AVMS) with pervasive mobile integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lemon peel oil: A groundbreaking renewable energy source for gasoline and diesel biofuel engine applications","authors":"Tamer M.M. Abdellatief ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem ,&nbsp;Abdul Ghani Olabi","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With regard to biofuel uses in gasoline and diesel engines, the current video article presents the suitability of newly developed lemon peel oil as a novel renewable energy source. A natural and eco-friendly substitute for traditional fossil fuels is lemon peel oil, which is high in terpenes like limonene. The method of producing lemon peel oil, its essential chemical characteristics, and its usefulness as a bio-based additive for enhancing combustion and cutting emissions using eye-catching pictures were illustrated. Its ability to improve fuel efficiency and meet current pollution regulations is demonstrated by engine performance tests and combustion analysis. Beyond waste reduction and support for a circular economy, this film also looks at the wider environmental and financial advantages of using lemon peel oil in fuel systems. Overall diesel engine characteristics showed that petroleum diesel consumption can be greatly reduced or even totally replaced with lemon peel oil. This video article offers a thorough grasp of lemon peel oil's application and transformative potential in renewable energy for transportation by illustrating the science and technology underlying it. This strategy presents lemon peel oil as a practical and environmentally beneficial choice in the search for sustainable energy sources for diesel and gasoline engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transformation process as an adaptive cycle and its application to recovery from desertification in Shinyanga","authors":"Bryan Jenkins","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using Holling's adaptive cycle, a framework for social-ecological system assessment and transformation is described. It includes assessments of disturbance beyond the biophysical system capacity to recover. This can trigger a transformation process for recovery with elements of an adaptive cycle: an exploitation phase of using human and economic resources, an accumulation phase of acquiring knowledge and social, cultural, and economic capital, a disturbance phase of formulating new approaches to biophysical system management, and a reorganization phase of developing new institutional arrangements. Management interventions are then implemented. These interventions relate to the four phases of the biophysical system adaptive cycle: reducing pressure on the resource in the exploitation phase, addressing legacy issues in the accumulation phase, increasing system resilience in the disturbance phase, and rehabilitating adverse effects in the reorganization phase. This framework is applied to woodland clearance to expand agriculture and eradicate tsetse fly that led to soil erosion and desertification in Shinyanga, Tanzania. After centralized attempts at restoration failed, the program manager worked in partnership with local farmers and incorporated traditional knowledge and institutions. The transformation led to woodland restoration and increased ecosystem services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutting forces in ultraprecision machining freeform optics: Analysis through virtual simulations and experiments","authors":"Shangkuan Liu,&nbsp;Kai Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In ultraprecision manufacturing of freeform surfaced optics and devices, the ultraprecision diamond turning process holds a significant importance. However, high costs, quality assurance and long machining times are inevitable challenges in ultraprecision manufacturing. This scientific talk presents the concept of a virtual lens model based on the requirement of ‘deterministic manufacturing’ in the ultraprecision machining process, while enabled by scientific understanding of micro cutting mechanics and its applicational affect. By analysis of the freeform surface modelling and machining toolpaths and underlying micro cutting mechanics, this research aims to define surface quality and its optical performance prior to the machining process. The research further delves into cutting force modelling and 3D surface parameters to analyze the machining toolpath, and virtual simulations and experiments are conducted. The simulations and experiments are focused on verifying the correlations between the surface characteristics, such as surface roughness, peak valley distance and most importantly, surface texture aspect ratio, and the optical performance of the freeform surface. The analysis of surface texture formation and cutting forces modelling are essential for the simulation development and experimental design. The cutting forces modelling integrates the Akins' model with the influence of continuously varying shear angles on the freeform surface. Toolpath data from the cutting process is used to meticulously analyze depth-of-cut (DoC), curvature variations, and shear angle variations throughout the process, and thus to enable the consistent surface texture aspect ratio at the surface generation as desired.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772569324001002/pdfft?md5=c777a3deaf95a36898aafdec588eba8d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772569324001002-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}