Science Talks最新文献

{"title":"Optimized transmission design through mutual coherence minimization in ultrafast pulse-echo ultrasound imaging employing sparse recovery","authors":"Ozan Çakıroğlu ,&nbsp;Eduardo Pérez ,&nbsp;Florian Römer ,&nbsp;Martin Schiffner","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In ultrasound pulse-echo imaging, there is a trade-off between acquisition time and reconstruction accuracy. Although the minimum acquisition time in pulse-echo ultrasound imaging, which is by transmitting and receiving all samples from all transducer elements only one time, is achieved, the reconstruction accuracy still need to be improved. Since the common approach with these methods is to assume point scatterers in the measurement area, sparse signal recovery techniques can be exploited by adjusting the forward model in the form of matrix-sparse vector multiplication. In sparse signal recovery problems, coherence of the dictionary matrix is the essential factor for reconstruction accuracy. Therefore, in this work, we created an optimization algorithm, which minimizes the correlation between distinct samples of the received signals in each transducer by using the transmission amplitudes and delays as optimization variables. The reconstruction accuracy results outperform conventional plane wave imaging and state-of-the art implementation with randomly chosen transmission amplitudes and delays.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772569324000641/pdfft?md5=44a4c328f012e29f292f14962d1dbe0c&pid=1-s2.0-S2772569324000641-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140779661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex seasonal circular block bootstrap for electricity load forecasting","authors":"Pertami J. Kunz,&nbsp;Abdelhak M. Zoubir","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose the Complex Seasonal Circular Block Bootstrap (XSCBB), a variation of seasonal (circular) block bootstrap that caters for multiple seasonality components in a time series. Electricity consumption (load) prediction is important to balance the supply and load demand, to plan facilities construction and maintenance, to plan distribution, and avoid outages or excess loss. We apply the XSCBB method parametrically to calculate the prediction interval of future electricity consumption given a relatively small amount of historical sample points using the composite ARMA<span><math><mfenced><mi>p</mi><mi>q</mi></mfenced></math></span>– GARCH<span><math><mfenced><mi>r</mi><mi>s</mi></mfenced></math></span> model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772569324000628/pdfft?md5=7349f80e83f765e80c0d2cebae6b571d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772569324000628-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140822670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-creating a gamification tool for children and parents to improve their food nutrition Knowledge and dietary habits","authors":"E. Santa Cruz,&nbsp;A. Baranda,&nbsp;E. Illanes,&nbsp;P. Rioja,&nbsp;Y. Rios,&nbsp;S. Riesco,&nbsp;N. da Quinta","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conscious, collective, and repetitive behaviours, lead people to select, consume, and use certain foods or diets, in response to social and cultural influences as well as the fact that food habits in childhood determine food habits in adulthood. The development of these food habits during childhood depends on family, culture, familiarity, and accessibility, among other factors. Likewise, seeking attractive approaches for children, based on gamification and the use of new technologies and challenges, to transfer content and knowledge can guide their behaviour towards healthier and more sustainable food choices. A platform consisting in an interactive place where children can learn about food by playing will be developed and tested focused on kids and on their parents or caretakers. The platform will include different modules which will provide information regarding nutrition, sustainability, food waste, food science, sensory properties of food and technology specifically for children and adults. The use of chatbots for educational purposes is a recent topic that has been widely discussed and some examples support its development. There is a wide range of topics that can be addressed through chatbots so the tool will use the potential of chatbots so that children can learn the basics of healthy nutritional and sustainable habits from an early age, using a specific language according to their age range and understanding.</p><p>To ensure that the tool and the AI behind it are adapted to the stage of development of children from different countries and provide the appropriate content, parents, caregivers, and other stakeholders as well as children themselves were consulted in Finland, Poland, and Spain to co-create the best solution. Therefore, cocreation activities were carried out with children, parents, and stakeholders using validated questionnaires, qualitative methodologies of co-creation or open in-depth interviews in these UE countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277256932400063X/pdfft?md5=55c4ae1e664fc49ee19981f2dd3941ac&pid=1-s2.0-S277256932400063X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140779347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-driven prediction of taste perception, molecular mechanisms, and food molecule trajectory","authors":"Lorenzo Pallante ,&nbsp;Marco Cannariato ,&nbsp;Fosca Vezzulli ,&nbsp;Milena Lambri ,&nbsp;Marco A. Deriu","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The perception of taste is a multifaceted process, spanning from the molecular scale to cellular and tissue levels. At the molecular scale, taste perception is initiated by the interactions between food compounds and taste receptors. These proteins mediate the five primary tastes (sweet, bitter, umami, sour, and salty), each associated with distinct nutritional needs or regulatory mechanisms. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying taste perception are still unclear. In recent years, molecular modelling and machine learning have shown their potential in unraveling the molecular properties governing macromolecular functions and we employed these methodologies to investigate taste-related actors. Molecular modelling facilitated the establishment of a computational framework to analyze receptor-agonist interactions and identify potential secondary targets with similar binding sites. On the other hand, machine learning was used to develop novel tools to predict the taste (bitter, sweet or umami) of chemical compounds starting from their chemical structures and pinpoint the relative physicochemical properties underlying each taste sensation. This investigation is inserted into the VIRTUOUS project (<span>https://virtuoush2020.com/</span><svg><path></path></svg>), funded by the European Union, which aims to predict the organoleptic profiles of Mediterranean ingredients. Overall, this computational approach advances our understanding of taste perception's molecular foundations and broader implications for health and sensory experience.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772569324000616/pdfft?md5=424606116e31c91b7eb06b2ac7fabb5c&pid=1-s2.0-S2772569324000616-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simplifying a multi-sensory gastronomic experience to identify the culinary potential of legumes: A proof of concept","authors":"I. Maitre ,&nbsp;L. Akissoe ,&nbsp;B. Guerin ,&nbsp;G. Piva ,&nbsp;R. Symoneaux ,&nbsp;M. Dufrechou ,&nbsp;C. Brasse","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food scenarios to face climate change and contribute to a better health always involve legumes. However, legumes are under-consumed in France and local production is too low. Pulses are too often considered as sources of protein, whereas they are in fact very diverse whole foods. We've chosen to highlight this diversity with a French gastronomic approach, processing them as little as possible to preserve their excellent environmental impact in the field. The aim is to add value for both the consumer and the producer through the French gastronomic valorization of pulses.</p><p>Three starting points guide our approach: (i) a multi-sensory gastronomic experience could change the image of pulses by making them more attractive and contribute to changing consumer behavior, (ii) gastronomic chefs are able to create truly new different recipes, by promoting the diversity of pulses (iii) gastronomic recipes use a variety of culinary techniques, and can be simplified into model foods allowing to test in a systematic way the culinary abilities of pulses. This will lead to identify the unknown culinary qualities required and link these qualities to production factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772569324000604/pdfft?md5=c9c4b7d78f45902f848c896dd1615279&pid=1-s2.0-S2772569324000604-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140772372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Better living through sensory’; how sensory cues moderate our eating behaviour, food intake and health","authors":"Ciarán G. Forde","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food choice and energy intake are influenced more by the sensory and cognitive aspects of eating than the nutritive properties of the food being consumed, yet chronic-disease and ill-health result from prolonged exposure to diets of poor nutrient quality. The role of dietary patterns in diet-related chronic conditions is undisputed, yet this is of little value if we cannot change unhealthy food patterns. Sensory properties are shaping ‘what’, ‘how much’ and ‘why’ we eat, and influence the learning that drives the dietary-patterns that influence health. Not all calories are equal, and food-texture, taste and aroma direct choice, inform eating behaviours and directly influence meal size. Consuming energy dense foods at a faster eating rate promotes higher intakes and poor-health. Sensory is uniquely positioned at the cross-roads of food science, nutrition and consumer behaviour to influence the transition to healthier and more sustainable diets. Addressing the serious public-health challenges posed by the modern food-environment will require changes in dietary-patterns and eating behaviours that are easy for consumers to adopt. Using sensory properties makes it possible to promote healthier eating behaviours and can inform the development of successful dietary strategies that keep food enjoyment and satisfaction at the heart of healthy eating.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772569324000574/pdfft?md5=e93ed628f04303b5ad160af9032d94fa&pid=1-s2.0-S2772569324000574-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140552469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acids in brewed coffee: Chemical composition and sensory threshold","authors":"Christina J. Birke Rune ,&nbsp;Davide Giacalone ,&nbsp;Ida Steen ,&nbsp;Lars Duelund ,&nbsp;Morten Münchow ,&nbsp;Mathias Porsmose Clausen","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perceived acidity in brewed coffee is an important sensory characteristic and is believed to be linked to the organic acid content and composition. Nevertheless, there's limited literature on the acid composition in brewed coffee. In this study, we determined the concentrations of acids, the sensory detection threshold and recognition for selected acids in brewed coffee, using samples varying in roast degrees (light, medium, dark) and geographical locations (Brazil, Bolivia, Kenya). Our findings reveal either a significant systematic decrease (citric, malic, chlorogenic acid) or increase (acetic, lactic, phosphoric, quinic, glycolic acid) with an increasing roast degree. Citric acid was the only compound with a sensory detection threshold above measured concentration. In contrast, malic, acetic, lactic, and phosphoric acids exhibited sensory detection thresholds around their actual concentrations, suggesting their contribution to overall coffee acidity without individual recognition. None of the acids were significantly recognized in brewed coffee spiked with average concentrations found in brewed coffee. These results challenge the direct association between specific organic acids and perceived acidity, pointing to a more complex understanding. Our findings contribute to advancing the comprehension of coffee flavour complexity and pave the way for future investigations into the multifaceted nature of perceived acidity in coffee.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772569324000562/pdfft?md5=ef43990a67cceb857edc2d7ae01f411b&pid=1-s2.0-S2772569324000562-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140557434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anomaly detection and classification of audio signals with artificial intelligence techniques","authors":"Michael Neri","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, video data has been extensively used for surveillance purposes. Anyway, if a fight can be recognized by everyone, abnormal sounds could pass unnoticed. Moreover, if a dangerous event is not in our line of sight, the only cue that can be exploited is the sound produced by the threat. With the adoption of Artificial Intelligence-based techniques, it is possible to detect these anomalies by inspecting the videos acquired by cameras located inside the bus. However, this scenario is complex for several reasons since video analysis is computationally expensive, requiring costly hardware equipment for processing and storage. Moreover, videos suffer from occlusions and luminance variations, making the system not suitable in all situations. To this aim, the objective of my Ph.D. is to propose a data-driven framework that can detect if an audio recording is anomalous and, if this is the case, to identify which and where dangerous events are occurring. The architecture I propose, denoted as Coarse-to-Fine, is composed of two elements. The first is responsible for modeling the normal background of a target environment in an unsupervised fashion. If an anomalous audio is detected, a second element focuses on what, when, and where the anomaly occurs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772569324000598/pdfft?md5=91bbbcfe2274a0363f48302e81847301&pid=1-s2.0-S2772569324000598-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140551072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genuine effects of the shape of the body in Newton’s Third Law of Motion lead to its generalization","authors":"Ajay Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Newton has expressed the third law of action and reaction in terms of force, i.e. Reaction (F_BA) = − Action (F_AB). In the standard textbooks, the law is understood with the help of many qualitative examples and thus needs to be understood quantitatively.</p><p>In the past decade, some deviations from Newton’s third law have been reported by scientists in state-of-the-art experiments in electromagnetism, statistical physics, astronautics, biological and chemical physics, etc. These independent observations compel us to look at the author’s generalized form of the third law (within the domain of Newtonian mechanics). Here, the reaction is also theorized to depend on the shape, size, composition of bodies, characteristics of the target, or other relevant factors. Thus, the purported equation becomes Reaction (F_BA) = −Action (F_AB) [K_shape × K_composition × K_target × K_other]. For simplicity, the discussion involves falling and rebounding bodies, the recoil of guns, etc. The typical shapes of bodies may be semi-spherical, polygon, long-thin pipe, flat, or any typical shape, etc. If the mass and composition of the bodies are precisely the same, then anomalous results would be because of the shape of the body only. The effect of the shape may be confirmed in specific experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772569324000422/pdfft?md5=b2944c72e67c34ea02233f0522f200ca&pid=1-s2.0-S2772569324000422-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140618969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning methodologies for spitzoid melanocytic tumor characterization","authors":"Laëtitia Launet,&nbsp;Adrián Colomer,&nbsp;Valery Naranjo","doi":"10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The digitization of biopsies into high-resolution whole-slide images has opened the way to artificial intelligence methods in pathology. While histopathological analysis of biopsies remains the gold standard for cancer diagnosis, deep learning holds great potential in reducing pathologist workload and enhancing diagnosis. This can be particularly crucial for tumors with ambiguous morphological features like spitzoid melanocytic lesions, where these methods could greatly improve their clinical interpretation. However, implementing deep learning in digital pathology presents various challenges, encompassing image complexity, limited training data, and the scarcity of annotated samples. Rare cancers can find these limitations amplified, considerably hampering progress in this area. In this work, we aim to tackle the clinical ambiguity surrounding spitzoid melanocytic tumors while addressing the complexities inherent in whole-slide images by leveraging deep learning techniques. To do so, we propose a comprehensive approach combining weakly-supervised learning, federated learning, and active self-training. The developed approaches have been carefully optimized in collaboration with expert pathologists under real-world conditions, to ensure their effectiveness and applicability in clinical settings. By advancing our understanding and utilization of artificial intelligence in digital pathology, we aim to pave the way for improved cancer diagnosis and treatment, particularly in the challenging realm of spitzoid tumors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101148,"journal":{"name":"Science Talks","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772569324000550/pdfft?md5=07d65d05759e8ab7aa12f253a64a041d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772569324000550-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140645019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}