RSC Applied Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Improving the in vivo stability and sensor lifetime with new blend membranes on CGM sensors†","authors":"Yinxiu Zuo, Lanjie Lei, Ke Huang, Qing Hao, Chao Zhao and Hong Liu","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00123K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00123K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is essential for managing diabetes, including closed-loop (artificial pancreas) technology. However, the current lifetime of commercial glucose sensors used in CGM based on the electrochemical method is limited to 3–15 days. The instability or failure of implanted electrochemical glucose sensors caused by tissue reactions, outer membrane degradation, calcification, and delamination can decrease <em>in vivo</em> sensor accuracy and lifetime. Durable outer membrane materials with good biocompatibility are crucial to improve the accuracy and durability of long-term implantable electrochemical glucose sensors <em>in vivo</em> and overcome these obstacles. This study used PDMS/HydroThane as the outer membrane of the glucose sensors to demonstrate long-term <em>in vivo</em> stability in non-diabetic dogs for 28 days. The good biocompatibility and stability of the outer membrane contributed to the extended sensor lifetime. Additionally, the study evaluated the effect of oxygen on the performance of glucose sensors coated with PDMS/HydroThane blending membranes containing different PDMS contents. The results showed that glucose sensors coated with blending membranes of PDMS/HydroThane with a weight ratio of 10 : 50 were essentially independent of environmental PO<small>₂</small> while blending membranes of PDMS/HydroThane with a weight ratio of 5 : 50 coated glucose sensors were affected by oxygen fluctuation. This new membrane was developed to increase the <em>in vivo</em> lifetime of CGM sensors with quick response time and good <em>in vivo</em> stability and provide valuable insights into the design and development of new glucose sensors for long-term CGM applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 5","pages":" 880-890"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d4lp00123k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outstanding Reviewers for RSC Applied Polymers in 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1039/D4LP90011A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP90011A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We would like to take this opportunity to thank all <em>RSC Applied Polymers</em> reviewers for helping to preserve quality and integrity in chemical science literature. We would also like to highlight the Outstanding Reviewers for <em>RSC Applied Polymers</em> in 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 5","pages":" 748-748"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d4lp90011a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer macroligands passivate halide perovskite surfaces†","authors":"Mykyta Dementyev, Lindsay F. Jones, Michael C. Brennan, Tod A. Grusenmeyer, Seth D. Waugaman, Robert T. Mathers and Robert J. Hickey","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00114A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00114A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hybrid organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIP) nanocrystals have gained considerable excitement due to high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields, bandgap tunability, and narrow band emission, which are essential for photovoltaic devices, light emitting diodes (LEDs), and optical displays. While researchers have designed numerous ways to synthesize OIP nanomaterials, there is still a need to explore faster, cheaper, and scalable methods of making stable, highly performing nanomaterials for device applications. Polymers are commonly used to encapsulate OIP nanomaterials, yielding enhancements in long-term stability as well as improved PL properties. However, the exact impact of polymer chemical composition on perovskite nanocrystal growth and material properties is still unknown. Here, we reveal how polymer chemical composition directly modulates the formation of perovskite composite materials with ∼75 wt% perovskite with respect to polymer and the optical properties during a one-step, co-precipitation synthesis procedure. Specifically, a series of polymers were explored, poly(styrene) (PS), poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP), poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), to compare the structure and optical properties of the resulting OIP materials. Polymers with nitrogen-containing functional groups, such as amides, pyridine, and amines, are shown to preferentially bind to and passivate perovskite surfaces, acting as polymer macroligands. Nitrogen atoms in the polymer coordinate with under-coordinated lead ions on the perovskite surface, passivating surface defects and leading to an enhancement in the optical properties. Polymer macroligands also promote nanocrystal formation in a similar method as prototypical surface-active ligands used in nanocrystal syntheses. This work uncovers design rules for creating composite materials exhibiting desired nanostructures and enhanced optical properties for future OIP devices through the use of polymer macroligands.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 5","pages":" 857-869"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d4lp00114a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the influence of substituents on the dielectric properties of polyethylene derivatives†","authors":"Bing Zhong, Yin Zhang, Wei You and Yu Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00117F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00117F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >To systematically explore the influence of microscopic substituent structures on the macroscopic dielectric properties of polyethylene (PE), ten PE derivatives, incorporating 18 mol% of diverse functional groups such as halogens, azides, norbornene-based groups, and macrocyclic structures, were synthesized using post-functionalization reactions from the same poly(ethylene-<em>co</em>-vinyl acetate) precursors. Using linear low-density PE (LLDPE) as a reference, the experimental results reveal the effective modulation of the dielectric constants of PE derivatives by introducing various functional groups. The PE units in the molecular chain ensure excellent compatibility of PE derivatives with LLDPE to form homogeneous polymer blends in molten states. Blending with LLDPE effectively reduces the dielectric loss of PE derivatives and exhibits a higher dielectric constant than LLDPE at the frequencies below 10 Hz. Notably, these blends exhibited a more pronounced temperature dependence of the dielectric constants, indicating higher values at elevated temperatures. More importantly, the dielectric breakdown strength of the blends was effectively enhanced, reaching up to 1.4 times that of LLDPE. In addition, improvements in the mechanical properties of the blends were also observed with the strain-at-break exceeding 1000%. This research confirms that post-polymerization functionalization provides an excellent platform to systematically evaluate the influence of substituents on synthetic polymers, and it is expected to generate new insights into the mechanisms of enhancing polymer dielectric properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 1","pages":" 97-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lp/d4lp00117f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iodonium functionalized polystyrene as non-chemically amplified resists for electron beam and extreme ultraviolet lithography†","authors":"Xindi Yao, Peng Lian, Jinping Chen, Yi Zeng, Tianjun Yu, Shuangqing Wang, Xudong Guo, Rui Hu, Peng Tian, Michaela Vockenhuber, Dimitrios Kazazis, Yasin Ekinci, Guoqiang Yang and Yi Li","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00136B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00136B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A novel non-chemically amplified resist (n-CAR) based on biphenyl iodonium perfluoro-1-butanesulfonate-modified polystyrene with a naphthalimide scaffold (PSNA<small>_0.4</small>) was synthesized and characterized. Through extensive exploration using dose-dependent resist thickness analysis, acetonitrile was identified as the optimal developer. Employing electron beam lithography (EBL), the n-CAR of PSNA<small>_0.4</small> demonstrated its high-resolution patterning capability by resolving a dense line pattern of 18 nm L/S at an exposure dose of 1300 μC cm<small>⁻²</small>, achieving a high contrast of 7.1. Further studies using extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) demonstrated that the PSNA<small>_0.4</small> resist can achieve 22 nm L/S patterns at a dose of 90.8 mJ cm<small>⁻²</small>, underscoring its high sensitivity for n-CARs. Detailed studies to gain insights into the underlying patterning mechanisms using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggest that the cleavage of polar iodonium into nonpolar polystyrene (PS)-based iodobenzene species enables a solubility switch, resulting in negative lithographic patterns. These findings highlight the innovative potential of the PSNA<small>_0.4</small> resist in advancing the capabilities of n-CAR technologies, particularly in the realms of EBL and EUVL, for high-resolution lithographic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 5","pages":" 870-879"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d4lp00136b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-photon laser printing of 3D multicolor emissive polymer microstructures†","authors":"Finn Kröger, Robert Eichelmann, Gabriel Sauter, Audrey Pollien, Petra Tegeder, Lutz H. Gade and Eva Blasco","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00141A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00141A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, we aim for the fabrication of precise multi-color 3D microstructures utilizing organic emitters. We have carefully selected dyes with red, green, and blue (RGB) emission characteristics and incorporated them into printable formulations suitable for two-photon laser printing (2PLP). Specifically, we have chosen an OAPPDO derivative, a boron dipyrromethene difluoride (BODIPY), and a coumarin derivative as red, green, and blue emitters, respectively, each functionalized with acrylate groups. The photopolymerizable groups allow for covalent linking to the polymer network formed in the subsequent step, enabling precise control over the incorporation of the desired emitter. The formulations including these three photopolymerizable dyes have been employed to print emissive 3D microstructures <em>via</em> 2PLP. Furthermore, we have studied and optimized their printability, resolution, and emission properties for each case. In a last step, we have fabricated complex multi-material 3D microstructures, demonstrating the versatility and potential application of our method in displays or anti-counterfeiting systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 5","pages":" 847-856"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d4lp00141a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and pH-responsive properties of bacteria mimicking hydrogel capsules","authors":"Veronika Kozlovskaya and Eugenia Kharlampieva","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00137K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00137K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The evolution of a non-spherical shape of microorganisms helped them survive by evading capture and digestion, which is crucial for their biological functioning. Synthetic imitation of the non-spherical shapes of various microorganisms and cells can enhance the ability of synthetic particulates to deliver therapeutics inside the body. Herein, we synthesized non-spherical polymer hydrogel microcapsules with bacteria-mimicking shapes, including prolate ellipsoid, peanut, and hourglass shapes similar to some pathogen microorganisms like <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and <em>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</em>. The hydrogel shells were synthesized through a multilayer assembly of hydrogen-bonded poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) and non-ionic poly(<em>N</em>-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPON) homopolymers on the surfaces of non-porous iron oxide microparticles of 2 μm in length. After covalent cross-linking of PMAA layers, followed by the release of PVPON at pH = 8 and the dissolution of the particle templates, curved rod-shaped (PMAA) multilayer hydrogel microcapsules with a pH-responsive shell were obtained. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis confirmed the covalent cross-linking of the shell and the release of PVPON from the capsule shell networks. The (PMAA) hydrogel capsules demonstrated excellent retention of their ellipsoid, peanut, and hourglass shapes after core dissolution in acidic solutions despite a nanothin (∼40 nm) hydrogel membrane. Remarkably, all systems retained bacteria-like shapes in solutions at pH = 8, increasing in size by 20–30%, as confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy. All bacteria-like shaped microcapsules demonstrated homogeneous swelling in all directions regardless of the coating location at the initial particle perimeter, indicating similar cross-linking for all shapes and no effect of the iron oxide particle surfaces on the formation of the hydrogel shell. This work can help develop polymeric non-spherical particulates that are adaptable and on-demand for biomedical applications, including advanced targeting of pathological tissues and developing artificial cells with intelligent responses to environmental cues. Synthetic imitation of bacteria-like shapes and morphological flexibility demonstrated in this work using a multilayer assembly of polymer hydrogel capsules can bring new insights into the understanding and synthetic reproduction of properties essential for the synthetic particulates to evade the immune system and increase tissue targeting. These properties can be critical for developing unconventional particulates for controlled delivery and advanced imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 1","pages":" 125-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lp/d4lp00137k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The luminous frontier: transformative NIR-IIa fluorescent polymer dots for deep-tissue imaging","authors":"Richardson Lawrance, Partha Chowdhury, Hong-Cheu Lin and Yang-Hsiang Chan","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00076E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00076E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the realm of deep-tissue imaging, fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) has proved to be an emerging tool, allowing scientists to probe biological processes with unprecedented depth. Within the NIR-II window, the NIR-IIa region (1300–1400 nm) has proved to have excellent imaging quality in the NIR-II window. Among the diverse types of NIR-II fluorophores, polymer dots (Pdots) have surfaced as a unique category of probes due to their exceptional properties including exorbitant brightness, excellent photostability, outstanding water dispersibility, and facile structural modification compared to traditional fluorescent molecules. The utilization of NIR-IIa Pdots has also addressed critical limitations in imaging by utilizing the advantages of reduced light scattering, diminished autofluorescence, and decreased light absorption by biospecies. Realizing such remarkable characteristics, this review offers insights into the design of high-performance NIR-IIa Pdots through a comprehensive interplay between chemical structures, photophysical properties, and their application in deep-tissue imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 5","pages":" 749-774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d4lp00076e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salicylhydroxamic acid containing structural adhesive†","authors":"Md Saleh Akram Bhuiyan, Kan Wang, Fatemeh Razaviamri and Bruce P. Lee","doi":"10.1039/D4LP00139G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LP00139G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The feasibility of utilizing salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) as a new adhesive molecule for designing structural adhesives is investigated in this study. SHAM-containing polymers were prepared with a hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) or methoxyethyl acrylate (MEA) backbone and mixed with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). PVDF was included to increase the cohesive property of the adhesive through hydrogen bond (H-bond) formation with the adhesive polymers. SHAM-containing adhesive demonstrated lap shear adhesion strength (<em>S</em><small>_adh</small>) greater than 0.9 MPa to glass, metal, and polymeric surfaces. Adhesive formulations with elevated SHAM-content also demonstrated increased adhesive properties with <em>S</em><small>_adh</small> values reaching as high as 4.8 MPa. Due to the physically crosslinked nature of these adhesives, formulations with extensive H-bonding resulted in strong adhesion and stability. HEMA consists of a terminal hydroxyl group with both H-bond donor and acceptor, which enabled HEMA-containing adhesives to demonstrate strong adhesion even without PVDF. On the other hand, MEA contains a methoxy group that lacks H-bond donors for forming H-bonding and MEA-containing adhesives required PVDF to provide H-bond acceptors to increase its cohesive property. An aging study was performed on the bonded joints. While the adhesive joints did not demonstrate any reduction in <em>S</em><small>_adh</small> values over 25 days when incubated in a dry condition, <em>S</em><small>_adh</small> values decreased by 80% over 48 h when incubated in water. This is potentially due to the hydrophilic and physically crosslinked nature of the adhesive. Nevertheless, the SHAM-containing adhesive outperformed a catechol-containing adhesive and epoxy glue and is a promising new adhesive molecule for designing structural adhesives.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 5","pages":" 838-846"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d4lp00139g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of gradient porous polymer membranes with multifunctionality†","authors":"Weigang Ji, Xiaohu Li, Qi Xi, Mengyuan Song, Xue Wu and Pengfei Song","doi":"10.1039/D3LP00141E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3LP00141E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Porous membranes have attracted considerable attention in materials science. It is crucial to develop a simple strategy for multifunctional porous membranes with broad applications. Herein, gradient porous membranes were prepared from a poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) of poly[3-cyanomethyl-1-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl)imide] and the natural small molecule of α-thioctic acid (TA) using a combination of solution mixing, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and post-processing. The resulting membranes of PIL/PTA with gradient pores were confirmed by FT-IR, NMR, Raman, and SEM characterizations. Interestingly, PIL/PTA porous membranes are stimulus-responsive materials with self-healing and UV-blocking properties. It is demonstrated that polymer membranes with solvent-stimulated responsiveness depend mainly on their gradient pore structure, which can be used as a highly sensitive solvent sensor. In addition, self-healing and UV-blocking properties have been developed by combining typical features of PIL and PTA into porous membranes. This work is beneficial for the rational design of multifunctional porous membrane materials to meet existing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":101139,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Polymers","volume":" 5","pages":" 816-820"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lp/d3lp00141e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}