RSC Applied Interfaces最新文献

{"title":"Salicylaldimine-functionalized l-phenylalanine-based pseudopeptides: zinc-instructed conformational tuning of self-assembled nanostructures†","authors":"Kamlesh Kumar Nigam, Surabhi Asthana and Mrituanjay D. Pandey","doi":"10.1039/D4LF00251B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LF00251B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Pseudopeptidic bioinspired materials are emerging soft matter for recognizing biologically relevant species, supramolecular self-assembled nanostructures, and advanced nanoscience applications. Therefore, we have developed a novel C<small>₂</small>-symmetric pseudopeptide using <small>L</small>-phenylalanine amino acid and salicylaldehyde with varying aliphatic spacers. Pseudopeptides show a high selectivity toward Zn(<small>II</small>) ion with significant fluorescence enhancement. The self-assembly exhibits a random spherical nanostructure morphology transformed into a densely packed spherical microstructure morphology after incubating Zn(<small>II</small>) ions through conformational tuning. This zinc-guided rearrangement of self-assembly and interaction with BSA proteins holds significant potential for applications in nanobioscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 1","pages":" 167-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d4lf00251b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the characterization and performance of highly dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles onto BEA zeolite in the continuous gas-phase photooxidation of ethylene†","authors":"Ricardo Ferreira, Sergio Morales-Torres, Luisa M. Pastrana-Martinez, Francisco J. Maldonado-Hódar, João Paulo Lourenço, João Miguel Silva, Isabel M. João, Maria Filipa Ribeiro and Auguste Fernandes","doi":"10.1039/D4LF00286E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LF00286E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Two series of TiO<small>₂</small>-based zeolite composites (BEA structures) were prepared by employing a sol–gel method using two different synthesis approaches, <em>i.e.</em>, acidic and basic media. Different photocatalytic composites obtained with increasing amounts of TiO<small>₂</small> (10–50 wt%) were thoroughly characterized and subsequently tested in the photooxidation of ethylene in a continuous gas-phase system. Results showed that sol–gel experimental conditions had a significant effect on the final properties of the samples, as photocatalytic composites obtained under basic conditions showed better TiO<small>₂</small> dispersion and interaction with the BEA support than their counterparts prepared in an acidic medium. The same photocatalysts showed high performance in ethylene photooxidation, demonstrating complete mineralization and results comparable to or even better than those of the bulk TiO<small>₂</small> material.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 1","pages":" 150-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d4lf00286e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of a mixed-linker Ce-UiO-67 metal–organic framework†","authors":"V. Finelli, G. Mastronardi, N. G. Porcaro, M. Signorile, F. Bonino, P. Á. Szilágyi and S. Bordiga","doi":"10.1039/D4LF00278D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4LF00278D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ce-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently gained scientific interest, since Ce is the most abundant rare-earth element in the Earth's crust and since their synthesis has some advantages, including first of all their redox activity, the high porosity of these crystalline materials, and Ce availability. In particular, Ce(<small>IV</small>)-based MOFs, such as Ce-UiO-66 and Ce-UiO-67, are synthesised under mild conditions. For most applications, the presence of functional groups in the frameworks is needed; in this context, linkers containing N-functionalities have been highlighted, as they allow for the incorporation of a large variety of metal cations. In order to insert N-functionalities for the sake of successive metal-functionalization of materials as Ce-UiO-67, we have successfully synthesised a mixed-linker version of this MOF, by incorporating 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid together with the conventional biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid linker; we have worked on a reproducible and upscalable procedure using benzoic acid as the modulator, without altering the original framework topology. Mixed-linker Ce-UiO-67 MOFs exhibit good thermal stability, high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) SSAs and microporosity. The pristine samples are highly stable if stored in a desiccator, as demonstrated by the preservation of their high crystallinity for at least 18 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 1","pages":" 130-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dielectric-constant effects on the exciton dissociation and photovoltaic conversion efficiency of water-soluble green conducting polymers†","authors":"Xin Wei, Daniel Williams and Giovanni Fanchini","doi":"10.1039/D4LF00269E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LF00269E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >While the best strategy to design semiconducting polymers for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is still debated, several reports link the performance of some such polymers to a high dielectric constant, with polythiophenes at the forefront of those studies. The use of the dielectric constant as a figure of merit to design OPVs will represent a game-changing strategy towards high photoconversion efficiency (PCE) if it is rigorously proven by a theoretical model on a specific OPV polymer with tunable susceptibility. Water-soluble poly[2-(3-thienyl)-ethoxy-4-butyl-sulfonate] (PTEB) is the ideal platform to test such a hypothesis, due to its properties that are tunable in liquid environments and are highly dependent on the pH of the aqueous solutions used to disperse it, in addition to offering a unique avenue toward fully water-processed, environmentally green OPVs. Here, we characterize a set of PTEB samples, assemble bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OPVs out of them, and develop a mean-field theory model explaining why the tunability of the optoelectronic properties of PTEB persists in the solid state, which is assigned to the different polarizability of the terminations of PTEB pendant groups that are stable in basic and acidic environments. Dielectric constants decreasing from <em>ε</em><small>_r</small> = 4.5 (in layers spun from solutions at pH = 4) to <em>ε</em><small>_r</small> = 2.9 (at pH = 10) are measured and shown to affect the operation of PTEB OPVs with bathocuproine (BCP) as an acceptor, increasing their PCE from 0.44% up to 2.8% at the highest value of <em>ε</em><small>_r</small>. Even if these figures are still relatively low over OPV polymers soluble in nonpolar solvents, they are the highest obtained to date for PTEB and, to the best of our knowledge, also for any other water-soluble polythiophenes, except for polythiophene particles previously processed in nonpolar solvents.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 1","pages":" 137-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d4lf00269e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-emissivity fine-tuning of efficient VO2-based thermochromic stacks with silver nanowire networks†","authors":"Amaury Baret, Ambreen Khan, Aline Rougier, Daniel Bellet and Ngoc Duy Nguyen","doi":"10.1039/D4LF00234B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LF00234B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In response to the urgent need for environmentally sustainable alternatives to combat climate change, considerable attention has been directed towards the development of functional materials for energy management. Among these, thermochromic-based smart windows have emerged as a significant area of interest due to their ability to dynamically and passively regulate the amount of sunlight entering a building while maintaining consistently high visible transmittance. Additionally, low thermal emissivity is crucial for energy efficiency in cold climates. In this theoretical study, we numerically explore the application of silver nanowire networks as a low infrared emissivity coating to enhance the performance of VO<small>₂</small>-based thermochromic multilayer stacks. We propose a highly efficient thermochromic stack capable of achieving a luminous transmittance of 79% and a solar modulation ability of 15.7%, while simultaneously exhibiting an infrared emissivity as low as 8%. <em>Via</em> the addition of the Ag NW network, we show that it is also possible to reduce the emissivity of VO<small>₂</small> nanoparticle-based stacks up to 20% while keeping a FOM higher than 0.01, which we show is not possible by using a Ag thin film alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 1","pages":" 94-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d4lf00234b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the electronic structure and stability of epitaxially grown Sr-doped LaFeO3 perovskite alkaline O2 evolution model electrocatalysts†","authors":"Chuanmu Tian, Clément Maheu, Xiaochun Huang, Freddy E. Oropeza, Márton Major, Joachim Brötz, Marcus Einert, Wolfgang Donner, Kelvin Hongliang Zhang and Jan P. Hofmann","doi":"10.1039/D4LF00260A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LF00260A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this work, we have investigated the relationships between surface stability, electronic structure and O<small>₂</small> evolution reaction (OER) activity for epitaxial thin film La<small>_{1−<em>x</em>}</small>Sr<small>_<em>x</em></small>FeO<small>₃</small> (<em>x</em> = 0, 0.33, 0.8) model electrocatalysts before and after different electrochemical treatments. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) between +1.22 V and +1.92 V <em>vs.</em> RHE results in the continuous enhancement of OER performance of LaFeO<small>₃</small>, while for La<small>_0.67</small>Sr<small>_0.33</small>FeO<small>₃</small> and La<small>_0.2</small>Sr<small>_0.8</small>FeO<small>₃</small> a gradual decrease of OER performance with increasing number of CV cycles was observed. A combination of atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray reflectivity reveals that the surfaces of La<small>_{1−<em>x</em>}</small>Sr<small>_<em>x</em></small>FeO<small>₃</small> (<em>x</em> = 0, 0.33, 0.8) undergo surface morphology changes during OER treatment. Synchrotron <em>ex situ</em> X-ray photoemission spectroscopy data show a gradual down-shift of the Fermi level (<em>E</em><small>_F</small>) of LaFeO<small>₃</small> with increasing number of CV cycles, while near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) at the Fe L-edge and O K-edge shows the presence of surface Fe<small>⁴⁺</small> species as well as new hole states near the conduction band minimum upon electrochemical treatment, leading to a further enhancement of the electrochemical activity of LaFeO<small>₃</small>. The newly formed hole state in LaFeO<small>₃</small> that appeared after 3 CV cycles remained constant upon progressing OER treatment. On the contrary, the decrease of OER performance of La<small>_0.67</small>Sr<small>_0.33</small>FeO<small>₃</small> and La<small>_0.2</small>Sr<small>_0.8</small>FeO<small>₃</small> with increasing CV cycles is attributed to an up-shift of <em>E</em><small>_F</small> along with a decrease of Fe<small>⁴⁺</small> and hole state content after OER treatment. Furthermore, we found that the stability of the OER performance of La<small>_{1−<em>x</em>}</small>Sr<small>_<em>x</em></small>FeO<small>₃</small> is closely related to the leaching of Sr during OER, and the stability deteriorates with increasing Sr doping concentration in the pristine samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 1","pages":" 122-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d4lf00260a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal–organic frameworks as conductivity enhancers for all-solid-state lithium batteries†","authors":"Shruti Suriyakumar, Rohit M. Manoj, Sreelakshmy K. Jayaprakash, Sreelakshmi Anil Kumar, Keerthy P. Sudhakaran, Vinesh Vijayan and Manikoth M. Shaijumon","doi":"10.1039/D4LF00263F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LF00263F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Li-ion batteries are nonpareil when it comes to the combination of high energy and power density, making them the most suitable technology for electric vehicles, portable electronics and so on. Among Li-ion conductors, NASICON-type electrolytes are among the promising candidates for all-solid-state lithium batteries. However, the conventional synthesis approaches involve time-consuming multi-step high-temperature densification. Herein, we report a simple, efficient, and cost-effective strategy to develop composite solid electrolytes by incorporating MOFs in LATP using a powder cold press approach. Here, we report composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) composed of LATP ceramic particles and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in a SCN–LiTFSI matrix. The highly tunable porous structure of MOFs facilitates ion movement and acts as promising building materials for solid-state Li-ion conductors. In this study, the morphology, conductivity, and electrochemical cycling of LATP and its composite combinations are very well explored. Further, LATP–MOF composite solid electrolytes are tested for Li-ion and Li–Se batteries in an all-solid-state configuration with a lithium–metal anode.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 6","pages":" 1436-1442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/lf/d4lf00263f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering interfacial electron transfer kinetics of WO3 biophotoelectrodes for food waste treatment†","authors":"Chun Hong Mak, Yong Peng, Man Hin Chong, Jinhua Mou, Guohua Jia, Shella Permatasari Santoso, Wenxin Niu, Duu-Jong Lee, Chang-Ping Yu, Carol Sze Ki Lin and Hsien-Yi Hsu","doi":"10.1039/D4LF00291A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LF00291A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >An effective approach to enhance bioelectrochemical systems' performance involves leveraging semiconductors' light-harvesting capabilities alongside the catalytic properties of bacteria. Here, we demonstrate a food waste removal method using the integration of <em>Shewanella oneidensis</em> MR-1 with a tungsten(<small>VI</small>) oxide (WO<small>₃</small>) nanoplate photoanode in a solar-assisted microbial photoelectrochemical cell (S-MPEC) combined with silicon-based photovoltaics (SiPV). The S-MPEC integrates the technologies of bioelectrochemical cells with photoelectrochemical cells (PEC) to enhance the degradation of food waste. The bare WO<small>₃</small> photoelectrode exhibits a photocurrent of 0.749 A m<small>⁻²</small> at 0.8 V under visible light, whereas the WO<small>₃</small>-MR-1 biophotoelectrode reveals a significantly higher photocurrent of 2.94 A m<small>⁻²</small>. Under visible light exposure at an intensity of less than 100 mW cm<small>⁻²</small>, the power densities of the WO<small>₃</small> photoelectrode with and without MR-1 bacterial coating are 2.36 W m<small>⁻²</small> and 0.599 W m<small>⁻²</small>, respectively. To further improve performance, the S-MPEC was connected with a SiPV. This combined system, PV-S-MPEC, achieved a power density of 21.99 W m<small>⁻²</small> and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of 8167 mg L<small>⁻¹</small> per day, demonstrating its effectiveness in degrading food waste hydrolysate. Additionally, the study of heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics indicated that the WO<small>₃</small>-MR-1 system exhibits more efficient diffusion coefficients and enhanced rate constants for reduction and oxidation reactions. These findings highlight the significant impact of photoexcited charge carriers on degradation performance in this complex hybrid electricigen system, underscoring its potential for developing S-MPECs for waste degradation. This study also demonstrates significant potential for reducing environmental impact through enhanced COD removal rates and energy-efficient waste processing, making it a viable solution for large-scale applications in urban waste management.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 2","pages":" 397-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d4lf00291a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect-engineered graphitic carbon nitride on carbon cloth supports for the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of organophosphate pesticides†","authors":"Giacomo Marchiori, Roberta Seraglia, Gian Andrea Rizzi, Chiara Maccato, Mattia Benedet, Emanuela Callone, Sandra Dirè, Alberto Gasparotto and Davide Barreca","doi":"10.1039/D4LF00259H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LF00259H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The effective degradation of persistent aqueous pollutants, such as fenitrothion (FNT), a widely used organophosphate pesticide, represents a major urgency for the protection of human health and the environment. In this regard, this study is focused on the fabrication of green photoelectrocatalysts based on graphitic carbon nitride (gCN), capable of generating hydrogen peroxide (H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>) to trigger electro-Fenton processes for FNT degradation. In particular, electrophoretic deposition of gCN onto carbon cloth (CC) substrates was performed starting from gCN powders designed <em>via</em> thermal condensation of urea mixed with acetylacetone (AcAc). The resulting defect engineering promoted an improved gCN light harvesting capability and an enhanced separation of photogenerated charge carriers. The obtained supported materials featured an attractive electrochemical reactivity and operational stability, opening the door to their possible real-world end-use. The present work illustrates, as a proof-of-concept, the potential of gCN-based photoelectrocatalysts in water treatment technologies, offering a sustainable solution in a greener perspective to mitigate the environmental impact of hazardous pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 1","pages":" 104-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d4lf00259h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of surface roughness and metal oxide nanoparticles on airframe with icephobic coatings†","authors":"Kate Yeadon, Edward P. C. Lai, Xiao Huang and Naiheng Song","doi":"10.1039/D4LF00279B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4LF00279B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Icephobic coatings represent a sustainable and cost-efficient technology for preventing hazardous ice buildup across airframe surfaces. However, commercially available icephobic coatings still lack the metrics required for aircraft applications. Cyclic voltammetry is an electrochemical analysis technique that can detect ice formation by providing a distinct oxidation current response to the phase change. In this study, the technique was used to compare individual surface temperatures at water freezing across a variety of icephobic coatings on airframe surfaces that were roughened by sand blasting with alumina and modified by zinc oxide or neodymium oxide nanoparticles. The effect of sand blasting alone on delayed water freezing was marginal due to the self-leveling properties of icephobic coatings. However, addition of metal oxide nanoparticles delayed the formation of ice on the icephobic coatings. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism governing freezing point shift for the benefit of aircraft flying under extreme weather conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101138,"journal":{"name":"RSC Applied Interfaces","volume":" 1","pages":" 82-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/lf/d4lf00279b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}