Cell-selective zwitterionic parylene with intrinsic antifouling, softness, and conformability†

Shouyan Zhang, Huiqing Zhao, Sihao Qian, Yuzhe Zhai, Shuhua Zhang, Zhi Geng and Bo Zhu
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Abstract

Parylene is one of the most widely used polymers to fabricate flexible bioelectronic devices due to its flexibility, excellent barrier property, and photolithography-compatible fabrication. However, the extensively presented biofouling and the lack of biofunctionalities on the parylene surface prevent the bioelectronic device from constructing intimate coupling with cells/tissues. We herewith fabricated an intrinsically antifouling and soft parylene thin film featuring specific biointeraction, which consists of a bottom layer of pristine parylene and a top layer of 2-bromoisobutyrate functionalized parylene with ligand conjugated zwitterionic polymers. This layer-by-layer structure helps ensure the encapsulation property while allowing for tuning surface function for biomedical applications. This biomimetic parylene thin film presents an excellent barrier property (<10 pA leakage current after 12 weeks of soaking in 37 °C PBS buffer), a three-orders-of-magnitude reduced surface modulus (∼45 kPa), and exceptional mechanical compliance and conformability, all of which are crucial for constructing stable coupling with cells/tissues. Remarkably, the biomimetic parylene demonstrated a highly selective interaction toward PC12/HL-1 cells in the presence of a much higher density of white blood cells, thanks to the construction of specific cell interaction on a biofouling-resistant background. We envision that this biomimetic parylene material would offer bioelectronic devices a controllable interaction with biological systems, allowing seamless integration with cells/tissues and promoting the practical use of bioelectronic devices in real-life situations.

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