Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition最新文献

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A new approach for modelling techno-economic performance of integrated energy systems on district scale for informed decision-making in a multi-stakeholder context 一种在地区范围内对综合能源系统的技术经济性能进行建模的新方法,用于在多方利益相关者的背景下进行知情决策
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rset.2023.100045
Kathelijne Bouw , Casper Tigchelaar , André Faaij
{"title":"A new approach for modelling techno-economic performance of integrated energy systems on district scale for informed decision-making in a multi-stakeholder context","authors":"Kathelijne Bouw ,&nbsp;Casper Tigchelaar ,&nbsp;André Faaij","doi":"10.1016/j.rset.2023.100045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rset.2023.100045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To better support informed decision-making around renewable heating strategies on local scale, a new methodology was developed for simulating integrated heating scenarios. This paper proposes, describes and demonstrates the modeling methodology with a focus on a variety of KPIs, allowing a more inclusive evaluation of technical options, systems and scenarios. Key KPIs include system costs, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, mitigation costs and end-user costs and investments. Key function of the model is an in-depth cost analysis by a breakdown of costs among types of measures (home equipment, insulation, local equipment and infrastructure), cost components (investments, O&amp;M, taxes, subsidies) and stakeholders (system, government, owner-occupiers, renters, real estate owners, grid operators and local entrepreneurs). The methodology was applied to a fictive Dutch neighbourhood according to the urban and building typology provided in the paper. The results of six scenarios show large variety in costs among scenarios with significantly higher costs than the reference scenario in all scenarios, with scenario ‘hybrid’ and ‘efficiency’ presenting the best potential of becoming cost-competitive with the reference scenario in 2030. The method is suitable for evaluating a wide diversity of settings and contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101071,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50199298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Drivers of household transition to clean energy fuels: A systematic review of evidence 家庭向清洁能源燃料过渡的驱动因素:对证据的系统审查
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rset.2023.100047
Joseph Elasu , Joseph M Ntayi , Muyiwa S Adaramola , Faisal Buyinza
{"title":"Drivers of household transition to clean energy fuels: A systematic review of evidence","authors":"Joseph Elasu ,&nbsp;Joseph M Ntayi ,&nbsp;Muyiwa S Adaramola ,&nbsp;Faisal Buyinza","doi":"10.1016/j.rset.2023.100047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rset.2023.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Consumption of solid fuels (such as biomass, dung, and coal) causes household air pollution, which reportedly is responsible for over 3.5 million premature deaths worldwide. Therefore, over the last couple of years, national governments, and organization as well as international organizations are promoting energy transition from these solid fuels to clean and modern fuels in households. This paper aims to provide comprehensive review of the conceptualization and the drivers of the household energy transition to clean fuels. A systematic literature review approach was identified and used to systematically identify, select, evaluate, and synthesize the relevant published and gray literature appropriate to answer the research question of the study. It is found that the majority (78.4%) of studies conceptualized household energy transition as a switch/shift from one energy fuel to another, while few studies conceptualized energy transition as a change in energy conversion technologies (11.8%) and change in energy use patterns (9.8%). Furthermore, this study found that majority of the studies identified socioeconomic and market/economic factors as key determinants of household energy transition with few studies reported environmental factors, behavioral and government/structural factors as drivers for household energy transition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101071,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50199302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Stakeholder-driven scenario analysis of ambitious decarbonisation of the Russian economy 利益相关者驱动的俄罗斯经济雄心勃勃的脱碳情景分析
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rset.2023.100055
Alexander A. Shirov , Andrey Yu. Kolpakov , Ajay Gambhir , Konstantinos Koasidis , Alexandre C. Köberle , Ben McWilliams , Alexandros Nikas
{"title":"Stakeholder-driven scenario analysis of ambitious decarbonisation of the Russian economy","authors":"Alexander A. Shirov ,&nbsp;Andrey Yu. Kolpakov ,&nbsp;Ajay Gambhir ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Koasidis ,&nbsp;Alexandre C. Köberle ,&nbsp;Ben McWilliams ,&nbsp;Alexandros Nikas","doi":"10.1016/j.rset.2023.100055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rset.2023.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change mitigation entails different meanings for developed and developing countries. As a major emitting, high-income, developing economy that is largely dependant on hydrocarbons, Russia currently sits in the middle of the two groups, needing not only to drastically reduce emissions but also to ensure necessary economic growth to finance decarbonisation. This study explores two mitigation scenarios, one reflecting a cautious and the other a more ambitious decarbonisation pathway for Russia. These scenarios are co-created with a group of 135 national stakeholders, who inform the underlying assumptions based on their perceptions, expectations, and reservations: the more conservative scenario reflects the average of all input, while the ambitious scenario represents the optimistic end of the stakeholder input range. The two scenarios are modelled in CONTO, an input-output system of interconnected macro-structural calculations at the national level, to analyse the interplay between Russia's economy and decarbonisation progress, shedding light on the implications of mitigation for socioeconomic development. We find that, even for a country as dependant on hydrocarbons and under the most ambitious pathway that is still within experts’ realistic reach, Russia can achieve drastic reduction in absolute emissions and reach net-zero closely after 2050, while also achieving positive economic development in the long run. We highlight the need to prioritise a diverse set of mitigation options currently available and relevant to the Russian context, including energy efficiency and intensity improvements, electrification, and nuclear power, as well as to exploit the large potential lying within the Russian ecosystem's carbon sinks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101071,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50195043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Closing the Gap: Achieving U.S. climate goals beyond the Inflation Reduction Act 缩小差距:在《通胀削减法案》之外实现美国气候目标
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rset.2023.100065
Katherine Jordan , Peter Adams , Paulina Jaramillo , Nicholas Muller
{"title":"Closing the Gap: Achieving U.S. climate goals beyond the Inflation Reduction Act","authors":"Katherine Jordan ,&nbsp;Peter Adams ,&nbsp;Paulina Jaramillo ,&nbsp;Nicholas Muller","doi":"10.1016/j.rset.2023.100065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rset.2023.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Inflation Reduction Act sets the stage for substantial greenhouse gas emissions reduction in the United States. However, analyses show that on its own, the IRA is insufficient to meet the nation's stated climate goals. We use an energy system optimization model to understand how the U.S. can build on the IRA to meet climate goals. We model two carbon taxes and a suite of efficiency, fuel, and technology standards, including a clean electricity standard (CES), electrification standards for commercial and residential buildings, a zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) standard, and a clean fuel standard for industry. We compare these three policy scenarios to the U.S.’s stated climate goals (Nationally Determined Contribution). The two carbon taxes and the suite of standards achieve the GHG emissions goals outlined in the Paris Agreement, but no scenario reaches net-zero GHG emissions by 2050. Notably, we find that the average GHG abatement cost under the modeled standards is comparable to a carbon tax set at ∼$200/ton, and both policies achieve similar emissions reductions. Temoa's cost-minimization structure results in the carbon tax always reducing emissions more cheaply than a set of standards; but the similarity in cost emphasizes the near-optimal second-best nature of well-designed standards.” The marginal cost of GHG emissions reduction in each scenario is less than 2% of total system costs. While the modeling results indicate that meeting climate targets may still be possible, they demonstrate that doing so will require rapid and sustained deployment of zero-emission technologies across the energy system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101071,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50195062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Feasibility trade-offs in decarbonising the power sector with high coal dependence: The case of Korea 高度依赖煤炭的电力部门脱碳的可行性权衡:以韩国为例
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rset.2023.100050
Minwoo Hyun , Aleh Cherp , Jessica Jewell , Yeong Jae Kim , Jiyong Eom
{"title":"Feasibility trade-offs in decarbonising the power sector with high coal dependence: The case of Korea","authors":"Minwoo Hyun ,&nbsp;Aleh Cherp ,&nbsp;Jessica Jewell ,&nbsp;Yeong Jae Kim ,&nbsp;Jiyong Eom","doi":"10.1016/j.rset.2023.100050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rset.2023.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Decarbonising the power sector requires feasible strategies for the rapid phase-out of fossil fuels and the expansion of low-carbon sources. This study assesses the feasibility of plausible decarbonisation scenarios for the power sector in the Republic of Korea through 2050 and 2060. Our power plant stock accounting model results show that achieving zero emissions from the power sector by the mid-century requires either an ambitious expansion of renewables backed by gas-fired generation equipped with carbon capture and storage or a significant increase of nuclear power. The first strategy implies replicating and maintaining for decades the maximum growth rates of solar power achieved in leading countries and becoming an early and ambitious adopter of the carbon capture and storage technology. The alternative expansion of nuclear power has historical precedents in Korea and other countries but may not be acceptable in the current political and regulatory environment. Hence, our analysis shows that the potential hurdles for decarbonisation in the power sector in Korea are formidable but manageable and should be overcome over the coming years, which gives hope to other similar countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101071,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50199280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Reduction of solar photovoltaic system output variability with geographical aggregation 利用地理聚集降低太阳能光伏系统的输出可变性
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rset.2023.100052
M.R. Aldeman , J.H. Jo , D.G. Loomis , B. Krull
{"title":"Reduction of solar photovoltaic system output variability with geographical aggregation","authors":"M.R. Aldeman ,&nbsp;J.H. Jo ,&nbsp;D.G. Loomis ,&nbsp;B. Krull","doi":"10.1016/j.rset.2023.100052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rset.2023.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Variable power outputs are one of the largest challenges facing the widespread adoption of renewable energy systems. The inherent variability of solar resources makes it challenging to integrate large amounts of solar energy into the electric grid. However, the weather factors that influence solar production are often local in nature. In this study, eleven solar photovoltaic systems with publicly available historical data were identified for analysis. The systems are located within a circle with a diameter of approximately 130 km. The historical power output data for each system were acquired, and quality control measures were applied. A comparison is made between the variability of the time-varying power output from individual systems compared to the variability of the aggregated output of the eleven systems combined. Next, the effect of increasing the geographical spread of the aggregated systems is investigated. This is done by comparing the variability of the aggregated time-varying power output from closely-spaced systems against the variability of the aggregated time-varying power output from systems spread out over a large geographical area. Next, the correlations between the outputs from each of the individual systems are explored. The data show that the correlation decreases by approximately 0.1 for each 80 km of separation distance. Finally, the historical solar output data is used to define the “expected output”, and the deviation from this expected output is compared for individual systems and various sets of aggregated systems. The four aggregated systems located far apart are 31% more likely to have a combined output that is close to their expected output, defined as having a normalized power output deviation less than or equal to 0.2 kW/kW. Furthermore, the four aggregated systems located far apart are 54% less likely to have a combined output that is significantly different from their expected output, defined as having a normalized power output deviation greater than or equal to 0.4 kW/kW.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101071,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50199281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The future role of thermal energy storage in 100% renewable electricity systems 热能储存在100%可再生电力系统中的未来作用
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rset.2023.100059
Rhys Jacob , Maximilian Hoffmann , Jann Michael Weinand , Jochen Linßen , Detlef Stolten , Michael Müller
{"title":"The future role of thermal energy storage in 100% renewable electricity systems","authors":"Rhys Jacob ,&nbsp;Maximilian Hoffmann ,&nbsp;Jann Michael Weinand ,&nbsp;Jochen Linßen ,&nbsp;Detlef Stolten ,&nbsp;Michael Müller","doi":"10.1016/j.rset.2023.100059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rset.2023.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modeling tools and technologies that will allow reaching decarbonization goals in the most cost-effective way are imperative for the transition to a climate-friendly energy system. This includes models which are able to optimize the design of energy systems with a large number of spatially distributed energy generation sources coupled with adequate short, medium, and long duration storage technologies. Solar photovoltaic and wind energy are likely to become the backbone in a future greenhouse gas neutral energy system and will require low-cost, geographically independent storage technologies in order to balance their intermittent availability. As an alternative to lithium-ion batteries and hydrogen systems, thermal energy storage coupled with a power block (e.g., Carnot batteries, pumped thermal storage, etc.) could be a promising option. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the influence of renewable generation profiles coupled with alternate storage options (i.e., Li-ion and hydrogen cavern) on the installed capacity of electric-to-thermal-to-electric systems using a 100% renewable electricity system in Germany as a case study. The analyses reveal that Carnot batteries complement established and near-future storage technologies, as they could fill the gap between daily storage such as batteries and seasonal storage such as hydrogen salt caverns. Furthermore, Carnot Batteries could offer multiple options for heat integration further increasing their potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101071,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50195044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abolition solarities: Theorizing antiracist and anticapitalist solar energy insurrections 废除太阳能:将反种族主义和反资本主义的太阳能叛乱理论化
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rset.2023.100063
Ryan Stock
{"title":"Abolition solarities: Theorizing antiracist and anticapitalist solar energy insurrections","authors":"Ryan Stock","doi":"10.1016/j.rset.2023.100063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rset.2023.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We arrive at an auspicious inflection point in the proliferation of solar photovoltaic systems. Apprised of particular and patterned racial and gendered solar injustices across disparate energy geographies, scholars and practitioners must harness solar power in the service of the total abolition of racial power structures that enshrine inequalities in colonial-capitalist accumulation. Antiracist and anticapitalist approaches to solar interventions can potentially transform social relations and empower the victims of energy injustices. Abolition solarities avail emancipation and redistribution through dismantling white supremacist processes and logics that structure energy regimes. How can solar simultaneously stitch translocal and transnational nets of safety and solidarity among subaltern architects and inheritors of abolition democracy? Aspiring to the existential obligation to change everything, let us wire solar to elucidate emancipation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101071,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50195057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Techno-economic viability of renewable electricity surplus to green hydrogen and biomethane, for a future sustainable energy system: Hints from Southern Italy 可再生电力过剩对绿色氢气和生物甲烷的技术经济可行性,用于未来的可持续能源系统:来自意大利南部的提示
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rset.2023.100051
Alessandro Giocoli , Vincenzo Motola , Nicolae Scarlat , Nicola Pierro , Sebastiano Dipinto
{"title":"Techno-economic viability of renewable electricity surplus to green hydrogen and biomethane, for a future sustainable energy system: Hints from Southern Italy","authors":"Alessandro Giocoli ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Motola ,&nbsp;Nicolae Scarlat ,&nbsp;Nicola Pierro ,&nbsp;Sebastiano Dipinto","doi":"10.1016/j.rset.2023.100051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rset.2023.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The fast deployment of renewable energy in Italy by 2030, according to the National Energy and Climate Plan, will lead to renewable electricity surplus mainly in Southern Italy where adequate energy storage is not currently available. In this paper, a Power to Green Hydrogen followed by a methanation process is proposed to accelerate decarbonisation and the integration of higher shares of variable renewable energies in Southern Italy. Green hydrogen can be injected directly into the natural gas grid or used to produce biomethane that can be injected afterwards into the natural gas grid. The main results of our assessment are: 1) 819 – 1,638 Mm<sup>3</sup> green hydrogen that could be produced by water electrolysis using the renewable electricity surplus; 2) 160 Mm<sup>3</sup> biomethane produced through biogas upgrading and 3) 14 – 117 Mm<sup>3</sup> additional biomethane produced through methanation by using biogenic carbon dioxide from biogas upgrading. The approach would enable a) green hydrogen production cost competitive with grey hydrogen (44 €/MWh) only when the electrolysis system uses electricity for free and its load factor is above 1,800 h/y and 5,000 h/y for the optimistic and conservative case, respectively; b) biomethane production cost via biogas upgrading (about 58 €<sub>2020</sub>/MWh); and c) biomethane production cost via methanation competitive versus natural gas price (30 €/MWh) only when using electricity for free and operates at full load for over 5,400 h/y in the optimistic case.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101071,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50199279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Critical elements for a successful energy transition: A systematic review 成功能源转型的关键要素:系统综述
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rset.2023.100068
Mashael Kamran , Marco Raugei , Allan Hutchinson
{"title":"Critical elements for a successful energy transition: A systematic review","authors":"Mashael Kamran ,&nbsp;Marco Raugei ,&nbsp;Allan Hutchinson","doi":"10.1016/j.rset.2023.100068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rset.2023.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The transition to a low-carbon energy future requires large amounts of many raw materials. Some of these materials are deemed critical in terms of their limited availability, concentrated supply chain networks, associated environmental impact, and various social issues. Acknowledging the significant dependency on raw materials for future energy scenarios, this paper presents a systematic review of the existing literature to identify the barriers, solutions proposed and the current research gaps associated with the supply of a range of critical chemical elements. The focus was mainly on evaluating supply risk in light of raw material availability and contemporary extraction technologies. Results indicate that a transition to a low-carbon energy system is possible, but will require efforts to address supply concerns, and strategic planning. A key risk mitigation strategy is increasing material circularity, especially to cope with the growth in demand for cobalt in lithium-ion batteries, platinum used in fuel cells and electrolysers, iridium used in electrolysers and dysprosium used in permanent magnets. Copper was found to be possibly the most concerning critical element due to the expected demand from developing nations in addition to the demand for the energy transition. The geopolitical, social, and environmental risks for lithium, cobalt, rare earth elements and platinum group metals could also hinder future energy security, as demand for these elements continues to grow.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101071,"journal":{"name":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50195066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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