{"title":"Process competences to incorporate in higher education curricula","authors":"S.A. Nijhuis , M.D. Endedijk , W.F.M. Kessels , R. Vrijhoef","doi":"10.1016/j.plas.2023.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plas.2023.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study reports on a survey on project managers' priorities. The survey used ISO 21500 as a scaffold to ask various respondents, like junior, experienced, and senior project managers, project sponsors, and students, to share their perceptions on the priorities for junior project managers. The respondent groups shared similar perceptions. Furthermore, project type and sector had little effect on junior project managers' priorities. Experienced and senior project managers shared their own priorities as well. The perceptions of priorities for junior, experienced, and senior project managers were mostly alike. However, experienced and senior project managers' priorities seemed slightly more affected by project type and sector. A session with experts in project management and teaching project management highlighted that the results for junior project managers could provide accents for introducing project management to students in higher education, provided the entire playing field of project management is also introduced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101050,"journal":{"name":"Project Leadership and Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666721523000261/pdfft?md5=9eb05172434ee513bf4c2e1ce5d7e491&pid=1-s2.0-S2666721523000261-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138613178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Augusto Nihoul, Francesc Miralles, Laurentiu Neamtu
{"title":"Understanding response to perturbations in collaborative projects from a complex generative and adaptive systems perspective","authors":"Juan Augusto Nihoul, Francesc Miralles, Laurentiu Neamtu","doi":"10.1016/j.plas.2023.100106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2023.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Continuity in collaborative projects may be affected by perturbations originated by unknown or unexpected situations. This research addresses the knowledge gap related to how teams effectively overcome disruptions in collaborative projects in order to reach resilience. The study explores the relationships amongst three interconnected constructs— equivocality, governance, and interorganizational learning— as key factors to be considered during perturbations.</p><p>A systemic perspective using the lenses of complex adaptive and generative systems (complexity theory) has been approached. Using a cross-case analysis, the research's contribution is summarized through a model that offers explanations into how a successful case (the LOCUTIOS project) overcame effectively two instances of perturbations, within a high-uncertainty context.</p><p>The model proposes two different reaction patterns, characterized by different learning behaviours (adaptive or generative), governance approaches (complementarity or substitution), and role of equivocality (driver or barrier) to knowledge exploration. Highlights of various forms of resilience within collaborative projects when unknown unknowns arise were exposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101050,"journal":{"name":"Project Leadership and Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666721523000273/pdfft?md5=cfb50521f87e77bd645897addd8aa37f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666721523000273-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138577714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maximilian Müller , Constanta-Nicoleta Bodea , Mladen Radujković
{"title":"A process framework of shared leadership emergence in product development project teams","authors":"Maximilian Müller , Constanta-Nicoleta Bodea , Mladen Radujković","doi":"10.1016/j.plas.2023.100104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2023.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shared leadership is a complex phenomenon as it is a dynamic, interactive, and cyclic process that is shared among several team members at different times. The focus of research on shared leadership is on the preconditions and consequences of shared leadership, but little is known about the process of its emergence. In our study, we take a process perspective to gain deep insights into the emergence of shared leadership. In an exploratory case study, data were collected through observation of team meetings, semi-structured interviews and internal project documents and analysed via a coding process and content analysis. Based on our findings, we develop a process framework for the emergence of shared leadership in a product development project team. We make several contributions. First, we extend the theory of shared leadership by adding a process framework for the emergence of shared leadership in product development project teams. Second, we enhance the leadership emergence theory to include additional antecedents and process mechanisms. Third, we extend the functional leadership theory by identifying the occurrence of leadership functions. The practical contributions we make are relevant for project managers/sub-project leaders and team members to promote and develop shared leadership in product development project teams.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101050,"journal":{"name":"Project Leadership and Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266672152300025X/pdfft?md5=06a4853dca844e6b57984d82b03b7fe0&pid=1-s2.0-S266672152300025X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138472036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reducing risks in megaprojects: The potential of reference class forecasting","authors":"Rebekka Baerenbold","doi":"10.1016/j.plas.2023.100103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2023.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Large infrastructure projects often suffer from cost and schedule overruns, mainly due to optimism bias and strategic misrepresentation. Reference class forecasting (RCF) offers a potential remedy. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the RCF literature with the aim of providing practitioners with key insights and identifying areas for future research. Through a review of 41 selected papers, the paper shows that the effectiveness of RCF is mainly applicable to large-scale projects and depends on the definition of the reference class. The paper calls for the development of an empirically based framework for reference class formation and urges the exploration of RCF's adaptability across industries, challenging the current one-size-fits-all approach. Theoretically, the paper critically assesses the current applications of RCF, while practically it outlines directions for future research and improvements. Overall, the study emphasises the need for detailed, data-driven methodologies and highlights their potential for risk management in projects worldwide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101050,"journal":{"name":"Project Leadership and Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666721523000248/pdfft?md5=a5aa9160c6ce14c9fc9ee6a96df69a2d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666721523000248-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134657199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florian Spychiger, Michael Lustenberger, Jens Martignoni, Lukas Schädler, Patrick Lehner
{"title":"Organizing projects with blockchain through a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO)","authors":"Florian Spychiger, Michael Lustenberger, Jens Martignoni, Lukas Schädler, Patrick Lehner","doi":"10.1016/j.plas.2023.100102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2023.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Blockchain and its related concept of decentral autonomous organization (DAO) is starting to influence project management. But how might project management supported by blockchain technology look like? And how would such a new form change and affect traditional project management? Not many concepts have been designed or even implemented yet. We chose an experimental framework to answer the first aspects of these questions. We developed a Decentralized Autonomous Project Organization (DAPO) and conducted an experiment to study the impact of blockchain on traditional project management. We show that such a blockchain-based approach can support the management of simple projects. Further, a fair and clear incentive scheme seems crucial and influences the way team members engage in the work. Also, more decentralized project management increases the importance of social aspects-related project management principles such as teamwork, self-organization, and cultural aspects, while principles related to budget, objectives, and schedule remain unchanged.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101050,"journal":{"name":"Project Leadership and Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666721523000236/pdfft?md5=5754bb2c2ad70832c1bd27ae1eb6695c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666721523000236-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72250092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who is better in project planning?Generative artificial intelligence or project managers?","authors":"André Barcaui , André Monat","doi":"10.1016/j.plas.2023.100101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2023.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a comparative study of generative artificial intelligence (AI), specifically the GPT-4 model, and a human project manager in the context of a project plan development. The study's objective was to analyze the content and structure of a project plan prepared by this disruptive new technology and its human counterpart, focusing on the digital technology sector. Through a primarily qualitative methodology, the study scrutinizes critical aspects of each part of the project plan, including scope preparation, schedule development, cost estimation, resources evaluation, quality planning, stakeholder mapping, communication planning, and risk analysis. The results indicate unique strengths and weaknesses for both AI-generated and human-generated project plans, revealing them as complementary in the project planning process. It also emphasizes the continued importance of human expertise in refining AI outputs and harnessing the full potential of AI through the process known as prompt engineering. In conclusion, this study illustrates the potential synergy between human experience and AI in project planning, suggesting the careful integration of human and AI capabilities is key to developing robust and trustworthy project plans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101050,"journal":{"name":"Project Leadership and Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666721523000224/pdfft?md5=9b041fb03bffa281f217d4589cc4851d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666721523000224-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92046266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analyzing the factors affecting construction project schedules amidst COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Nikhitha Adepu, Sharareh Kermanshachi, Apurva Pamidimukkala, Karthikeyan Loganathan","doi":"10.1016/j.plas.2023.100100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2023.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The global health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic led to disruptions and challenges across many business sectors, including the construction industry. A serious ramification of the pandemic on the construction industry was an increase in the number of project schedule delays that affected a multitude of projects around the world. Although the current literature explores the factors that cause project schedule delays, little research is available on the impact of variables, such as the size of the industry, type of project, and category of the organization, on the delays. This study used a four-step approach to address this knowledge gap by performing a comprehensive literature search, developing a survey, distributing the survey online, and conducting a quantitative analysis of the responses. The study's findings revealed that the factors contributing to project schedule overruns during the pandemic were diverse and differed with the variables cited above. Distinct differences were observed in areas such as procurement of materials and changes in material specifications and prices. This research sheds light on the multifaceted nature of the variables that impacted construction project schedules during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides valuable insights for industry stakeholders as they seek to establish effective strategies that will minimize risks and enhance project delivery during future periods of crisis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101050,"journal":{"name":"Project Leadership and Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49896814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unravelling governmentality in project ecologies","authors":"Stewart Clegg , Johan Ninan","doi":"10.1016/j.plas.2023.100099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2023.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Under the rubric of project governance, governmentality has been defined as a general mode of governing people in projects, whether these projects are organized in an authoritarian, liberal, or neo-liberal mode in their approach to authority relations. We argue that governmentality is a specifically neo-liberal form of social integration, one that stresses the freedom of its subjects, and discuss how it extends governance beyond enforcing contracts and includes all stakeholders. Examples of governmentality in the modern era of projects are discussed as a proactive strategy conceptualized in five contexts in which the concept of governmentality, as governing through freedoms, has been applied in project ecologies. These include governance by <em>contract</em>, governance by <em>alliancing</em>, governance by <em>influence</em>, governance by <em>co-optation</em>, and governance by <em>incorporation</em>. The degree of governmentality in play increases through the sequence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101050,"journal":{"name":"Project Leadership and Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49884856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From expectational conflicts to energy synergies: The evolution of societal value co-creation in energy hub development","authors":"T.S.G.H. Rodhouse , E.H.W.J. Cuppen , U. Pesch , A.F. Correljé","doi":"10.1016/j.plas.2023.100098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2023.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Societal value co-creation is an emerging practice in renewable energy projects. Despite its increasing popularity, however, unclarities persist regarding its operationalisation. This paper provides relevant insights by explaining how expectations of societal value co-creation evolved and became performed in a co-creative energy hub project in Emmen, the Netherlands. Over the course of project development, different and sometimes conflicting expectations co-existed of the hub's societal value potential. Drawing on observations, interviews, and document analysis, we describe the developers' efforts to synthesize these different value expectations into a coherent co-creation approach. The results indicate that timing in and of expectations, actor positions and organisational design are influential in how expectations become operationalised in renewable energy projects. Recommendations are provided for the design of societal value co-creation processes in future renewable energy projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101050,"journal":{"name":"Project Leadership and Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49884860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mitigating risk of failure in information technology projects: Causes and mechanisms","authors":"Jens Schmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.plas.2023.100097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2023.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper shows how causes and mechanisms behind past information technology (IT) project failures can be used for systematic risk mitigation in new IT projects. This is significant because successful IT projects are needed to realise the benefit potential of digitalisation, whereas failed IT projects overspend resources and underdeliver benefits. In this paper we a) identify factors and causes that lead to IT project failure, b) analyse the consistency over time of the identified factors and causes, c) expose mechanisms of failure by analysing failure factors, causes, and common features of IT projects, and d) show how this knowledge can be used in IT project risk evaluations. The paper uses hermeneutic literature review, statistical analysis of failure factors in the literature, content analysis of the reviewed literature, and process tracing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101050,"journal":{"name":"Project Leadership and Society","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49896808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}