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{"title":"Enhanced high-rate performance of Zr-doped P2-Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 cathode for sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Ananya Kumar,&nbsp;Sreeraj Puravankara","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Layered P2-type oxide compounds are an essential class of cathode materials for Na-ion batteries because of their superior capacity, average working potential, enhanced diffusivity of Na⁺ ions, and air stability compared to the O3-type oxides. Among the P2-type oxides, Na_0.67Ni_0.33Mn_0.67O₂ (NNMO) is one of the most explored materials because of its superior electrochemical performance. The inherent problem of low capacity retention because of phase changes during high-voltage cycling and Na⁺/vacancy ordering is still a considerable challenge for P2-type oxide cathodes. In this work, we have doped NNMO with Zr⁴⁺ ions at the Ni site to improve the compound's cycle stability. Partial substitution of Ni²⁺ ions with Zr⁴⁺ breaks the Na⁺/vacancy ordering and increases the interslab distance in the lattice, allowing easy movement of Na⁺ ions. These effects boost the cycle stability and the rate kinetics at higher rates. Herein, we report Na_0.67Ni_0.29Zr_0.02Mn_0.67O₂, which delivers 80 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C rate and retains 90.1% of it after 500 cycles. At 5 C, it delivers 62 mAh g⁻¹ after 700 cycles, showing an outstanding retention of 75.6%. Interestingly, a full cell made with commercial hard carbon anode delivers 74 mAh g⁻¹ in the initial cycle and retains 65.7% after 50 cycles at 1 C, demonstrating an energy density of 229 Wh kg⁻¹.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIL simulation of a solar PV-fed cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter with AC-side battery storage and power management","authors":"Alok Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intermittent nature of solar power generation makes battery storage essential in standalone Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) systems. Typically, battery systems are placed on the direct current (DC) side, after the boost converter, to manage surplus or deficit power generated by the SPV system, using a Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHBMLI) topology. This paper proposes an alternative approach where a common battery bank is used on the alternating current (AC) side, instead of the DC side, to minimize the need for multiple controllers. A single bidirectional converter with a battery energy management system is implemented between the multilevel inverter and the AC side to regulate the AC output voltage while ensuring the load's power demand is met. The proposed SPV system, which includes voltage control via a cascaded H-bridge 7-level inverter and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), is implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) using the Xilinx System Generator (XSG) for Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulations. The XSG automatically generates the VHDL code for sliding mode control, which is embedded in the FPGA. The Spartan 3E FPGA development board, along with the MATLAB/Simulink environment, is used for the HIL simulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthraquinone based natural pharmaceutical molecules enabling high-performance aqueous organic redox flow battery via hydrogen bonding induction","authors":"Jingyin Ning ,&nbsp;Kunlong Yang ,&nbsp;Qiuya Li ,&nbsp;Zihang Peng ,&nbsp;Siying Chen ,&nbsp;Ayesha Boota ,&nbsp;Shuang Jiang ,&nbsp;Tianyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have the potential to facilitate large-scale energy storage, which is expected to solve the inherent problems of indirectness and unsustainability of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy, and integrate them into the power grid. Redox-active anthraquinone molecules have the potential to serve as effective anolyte materials for AORFBs. Hydrogen bonds play an important role in the structural stability of molecules. Modulation of the hydrogen bonding effect in the electrolyte can lead to the attainment of enhanced performance in batteries. Here, we report a commercially available anthraquinone natural pharmaceutical molecule that achieves high-performance aqueous organic redox flow batteries through hydrogen bonding induction. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that excessive electron-donating substituents compromise the electrochemical stability of anthraquinone derivatives. Around 0.1 M Rhein||K₄[Fe(CN)₆] battery exhibit near 100% Coulombic Efficiency (CE) and high Energy Efficiency (EE) greater than 86%, with capacity decay decreasing from 0.124% per cycle to 0.06% per cycle and 0.3 M Rhein||K₄[Fe(CN)₆] battery decreasing from 0.47% per cycle to 0.11% per cycle due to Rhein and NH₄OH forming hydrogen bonds, effectively mitigating Rhein's capacity degradation. A new method for achieving low-cost, low-capacity decay, and high energy efficiency anthraquinone active materials is established.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiesel production from selected seed oils: Characterization, effect of process variables on biodiesel yield and engine performance testing","authors":"Ozioma J. Anekwe-Nwekeaku ,&nbsp;Chukwunonso O. Aniagor ,&nbsp;Leo C. Osuji","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the production of biodiesels from <em>Cyperus esculentus</em> (<em>C. esculentus</em>), <em>Sesamum indicum</em> (<em>S. indicum</em>), and <em>Colocynthus vulgaris</em> (<em>C. vulgaris</em>) seed oils through sulfuric acid-catalyzed transesterification. The fuel properties and engine performance of these biodiesels and their blends with hydrocarbon-based diesel (B10–B100) were analyzed. The transesterification process showed conversion efficiencies exceeding 80% for <em>C. vulgaris</em> and <em>S. indicum</em> biodiesels. The viscosity, flash point, and pour point of the biodiesel blends were evaluated and the result demonstrated compliance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Notably, the B60 blends of all biodiesels show significantly reduced acidic emissions, with <em>C. vulgaris</em> biodiesel recording the lowest value of 0.0015 g/dm³. The fatty acid profile analysis revealed that <em>C. vulgaris</em> biodiesel, with its higher polyunsaturated fatty acids, exhibits better cold flow properties but reduced oxidative stability. Similarly, the <em>S. indicum</em> biodiesel had enhanced oxidative stability due to a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids. Furthermore, all the biodiesel blends showed improved engine performance, with a noticeable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. This makes them viable alternatives to conventional diesel fuels and the blending these biodiesels with hydrocarbon diesel could further improve fuel efficiency and emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of VO2+/VO2+ and V3+/V2+ reactions on carbon-based electrodes – correlating reaction kinetics to electrode surface properties","authors":"Chaojie Song,&nbsp;Roberto Neagu,&nbsp;Khalid Fatih","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) shows great potential for large scale energy storage. The reaction kinetics of V^3+/2+ and VO²⁺/VO₂⁺ limit its efficiency. Carbon-based electrodes are typically used in VRFBs. Controversial results are reported in the literature on how the surface properties of carbon electrodes affect the reaction kinetics. In this work, 6 carbon based electrodes (Graphite rod presoaked in H₂SO₄ (Graphite-soaked), Graphite-untreated, Graphite-Pine, Edge plane pyrolytic graphite, Basal plane graphite, and glassy carbon (GC)) are studied with respect to the electrochemical surface property and reaction kinetics of VO²⁺/VO₂⁺ and V^3+/2+ redox couples. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that capacitance, carbonyl group density, and carboxylic group density of studied electrodes are dependent on the type of electrode and that soaking in H₂SO₄ leads to an increase in capacitance and functional group density. Diffusion coefficient, charge transfer coefficient, and reaction rate constant for both VO²⁺/VO₂⁺ and V^3+/2+ reactions are also dependent on the type of electrode. The diffusion coefficient of VO²⁺ increase linearly with the logarithm of carbonyl group density, and that of V³⁺ increase linearly with the logarithm of capacitance and carbonyl group density. Kinetic current is calculated from the charge transfer coefficient and reaction rate constant, and correlated to the surface properties. For VO²⁺ to VO₂⁺ reaction, slightly stronger relationship is observed for kinetic current vs logarithm of carbonyl group density than that vs the logarithm of capacitance and carboxylic group. For the V³⁺ to V²⁺ reaction, weak relationship between kinetic current and all the 3 properties are found.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the energy withdrawn from the lithium-ion battery during electrochemical discharge","authors":"Hassan Rouhi ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Serna-Guerrero ,&nbsp;Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has led to an increased demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Due to the limited natural sources of battery materials, the need for safe and efficient recycling of LIBs is critical. Batteries at their end-of-life still might have residual energy. Therefore, safe discharge of batteries prior to recycling is needed to minimize the risk of explosion and thermal runaway. This study investigates the electrochemical discharge of LIBs by sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃) solutions, with a focus on the impact of discharge current. A novel methodology enables the real-time monitoring of the voltage and current of the battery during electrochemical discharge. This, in turn, can be used to optimize the discharge process for safe and efficient recycling. The results reveal that K₂CO₃ outperforms the traditionally preferred NaCl electrolyte, providing a higher energy recovery in a shorter time despite retaining higher steady-state voltages (around 76% when 20 wt% K₂CO₃ was used as a discharge medium). Additionally, an excessive discharge current can lead to overheating and a higher voltage rebound. This should be considered when optimizing the electrochemical discharge process. By balancing the discharge rate, discharge time, and energy recovery, this study provides tools to increase the sustainability and safety of LIB preprocessing before recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"P,Fe co-doped LiMn2O4, a multifunctional material to boost fast charging of lithium-ion batteries assisted by magnetic field","authors":"Renier Arabolla Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Brandon Frost ,&nbsp;Jennifer Johnstone-Hack ,&nbsp;Adrian E. Martinez ,&nbsp;Samia Said ,&nbsp;Richard I. Walton ,&nbsp;Eduardo L. Perez Cappe ,&nbsp;Yodalgis Mosqueda Laffita ,&nbsp;Paul R. Shearing ,&nbsp;Dan J.L. Brett","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fast-charging lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are essential for enhancing the competitiveness of electric vehicles (EVs) and the rapid charging of consumer electronics. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect, induced by the Lorentz force acting on moving ions in the electrolyte, has been effectively used to explain the impact of magnetic fields on electrochemical systems. Previous works have shown that when a ferromagnetic electrode in an LIB is exposed to a magnetic field, it is possible to achieve 30% and 50% capacity enhancement and improve its capacity retention. However, generic materials used in the anode or cathode of current batteries exhibit low MHD effects due to their paramagnetic behaviour. This leads to the need to apply large external magnetic fields to witness significant effects, which therefore limits the potential of this technology. To bridge this gap, it is crucial to alter the magnetic behaviour of generic materials used in batteries and systematically study their impact. This research introduces a novel P and Fe co-doped LiMn₂O₄ (LMO) material that exhibits ferromagnetism. The developed feature enables the use of low-intensity magnetic fields (33 mT) to control its electrochemical behaviour in an LIB and gain around 25% of capacity. By potentiometric charge/discharge measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, and COMSOL Multiphysics simulation, it is uncovered the impact of the low-intensity magnetic field on the charge transfer resistance of the cathode and the mitigation of dendrite formation on the anode. This shows the potential of this material in boosting fast charging capabilities and mitigating common degradation issues in LIBs. The study demonstrates how this new material can be a game-changer in the development of more efficient and durable LIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic interaction coupling of Fe-ZrO2 enables efficient and stable ORR electrocatalyst for long-cycling Zn-air battery","authors":"Zheng Liu ,&nbsp;Shuo Chen ,&nbsp;Shouzhu Li ,&nbsp;Jianhua Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metallic Fe single atom is an efficient catalyst for rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs), but faces problems such as easy deactivation and instability in use. Here, we report a stable Fe-ZrO₂ electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysis. Atomically coupled Fe-O-Zr heterointerfaces are formed by embedding Fe nanodots (around 18 nm) into ZrO₂ nanoparticles dispersed in nitrogen doped bubble-like porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs). In this structure, Fe can share electrons with ZrO₂ to form interfacial coupling Fe-O-Zr bond as a bridge for charge transfer, in which ZrO₂ acts as electron promoter to facilitate electron transfer from Fe to the interface, thereby inhibiting the rapid deactivation of Fe and accelerating the activation and conversion of intermediate adsorbates. As a result, the electrocatalyst with a high loading of Fe (7.96 wt%) achieves a high half-wave potential of 0.868 V, with 95.3% of retained activity after cycling for 39600 s. The ZABs show stable open-circuit voltages and high capacities of 823.9 mA·cm⁻², and can stably run 1560 cycles at 10 mA·cm⁻² with a round-trip efficiency of 51%, exhibiting superior cycling stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modular equalization method for series-connected battery packs based on inductors","authors":"Xiangwei Guo ,&nbsp;Gang Chen ,&nbsp;Liangjun Zhao ,&nbsp;Wei Qian ,&nbsp;Peixin Liu ,&nbsp;Jinqing Linghu","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When lithium batteries are used in energy storage systems, due to the low voltage of cells, it is necessary to connect multiple cells in series to form a battery pack that meets the application requirements. There is an unavoidable consistency difference between cells of the same type, and after the cells are formed into a group, the consistency difference will have a serious impact on the cycle life, and jeopardize the safety of the battery pack. To improve the consistency difference of series-connected battery packs, a modular hierarchical active equalization method based on inductors is proposed. First, the topology is proposed in combination with the high accuracy of inductor-based equalization, and its working principle and parameter design are analyzed. Second, based on the equalization principle, a matching adaptive equalization control strategy is designed. Again, the equalization performance of the proposed equalization method is analyzed, which shows that the proposed method has the advantages of fast equalization speed, low topological cost and simple control. Finally, an experimental platform for the equalization of a 9-cell series-connected battery pack is established to verify the effectiveness of the proposed equalization method. The proposed method can significantly improve the consistency difference of the series-connected battery pack, and then improve its energy utilization and cycle life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive study on reutilizing recovered Li2CO3 in the direct recycling of lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Aso Soleimani ,&nbsp;Gholamreza Karimi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Paydar","doi":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) holds promise for addressing the scarcity of lithium resources and the environmental impacts of their extraction. This study investigates reusing recovered Li₂CO₃ in a direct LIB recycling. Li₂CO₃ recovery is achieved through reduction roasting and water leaching. Two distinct methods, heat and solvent debinding, are used for separation of spent cathode powders and employing them in a solid-state reconstruction reaction, using both laboratory-grade and recovered Li₂CO₃, to reconstruct cathode structures. Under optimized conditions, Li₂CO₃ recovery efficiency reaches 92.6 wt%. The solid-state reconstruction reaction at 850<!--> <!-->°C and 900<!--> <!-->℃ for the cathode separated by heating and dimethylformamide solvent debinding, respectively, alongside laboratory-grade Li₂CO₃, lead to successful cathode structure reconstruction and direct recycling. Notably, the samples reconstructed with recovered Li₂CO₃ retained over 93.44% of the capacity compared to those using laboratory-grade Li₂CO₃. These findings validate the competency of recovered Li₂CO₃ in cathode structure reconstruction and direct LIB recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100957,"journal":{"name":"Next Energy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}