Nano TransMedPub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.26599/NTM.2022.9130013
Shumin Wang , Yajie Yang , Shenhua Li , Haibo Chen , Yongsheng Zhao , Jing Mu
{"title":"Recent advances in macrophage-derived exosomes as delivery vehicles","authors":"Shumin Wang , Yajie Yang , Shenhua Li , Haibo Chen , Yongsheng Zhao , Jing Mu","doi":"10.26599/NTM.2022.9130013","DOIUrl":"10.26599/NTM.2022.9130013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macrophages are important members of the innate immune system that can be reversibly polarized by different microenvironment signals. Exosomes secreted from cells are lipid bilayer membrane vesicles carrying versatile biomolecules, which displays unique properties and biological functions. Recent studies have shown that macrophage derived exosomes as an extracellular vehicle can deliver diverse cargoes including small molecules, nanoparticles, and biological macromolecules to recipient cells, and thus affect the progression of cancers and other diseases. Moreover, exosomes secreted by different phenotypes of macrophages provide different therapeutic options. Thus, in this review, we summarized recent progress in the macrophage derived exosomes as carriers for delivering different types of cargos. Then the engineering principles and their applications are elaborated. In the end, challenges and prospects of macrophage derived exosomes for drug delivery and disease treatment are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article e9130013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75301664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano TransMedPub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.26599/NTM.2022.9130006
Qingsong Ye , Yu Shrike Zhang
{"title":"The era of translational nanomedicine","authors":"Qingsong Ye , Yu Shrike Zhang","doi":"10.26599/NTM.2022.9130006","DOIUrl":"10.26599/NTM.2022.9130006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article e9130006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89756240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano TransMedPub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.26599/NTM.2022.9130005
Huan Dai , Sepanta Hosseinpour , Shu Hua , Chun Xu
{"title":"Advances in porous inorganic nanomaterials for bone regeneration","authors":"Huan Dai , Sepanta Hosseinpour , Shu Hua , Chun Xu","doi":"10.26599/NTM.2022.9130005","DOIUrl":"10.26599/NTM.2022.9130005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous inorganic materials such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs), porous calcium phosphates, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are used for bone regeneration due to their osteoinductive and porous properties. The direct osteogenesis ability can be adjusted by the design and composition of those inorganic materials. With porous structure, adjustable pore size and high surface area, they are used as carriers to deliver various small molecular drugs, proteins, and genes locally to promote bone generation. The surface of those porous inorganic materials can be further functionalized to control the loading and release of drugs and modulate the behaviour of host cells. This review summarizes the recent advances of various porous inorganic nanomaterials for bone repairing with a focus on their performance as scaffolds and drug delivery systems. We also discuss the challenges and prospects of porous inorganic nanomaterials for the future clinical application for bone regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article e9130005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87964666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano TransMedPub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.26599/NTM.2022.9130002
Masood Ali , Sarika Namjoshi , Heather A.E. Benson , Tushar Kumeria , Yousuf Mohammed
{"title":"Skin biomechanics: Breaking the dermal barriers with microneedles","authors":"Masood Ali , Sarika Namjoshi , Heather A.E. Benson , Tushar Kumeria , Yousuf Mohammed","doi":"10.26599/NTM.2022.9130002","DOIUrl":"10.26599/NTM.2022.9130002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microneedles (μND) are promising devices that can be used to transport a wide variety of active compounds into the skin. To serve as an effective delivery system, μND must pierce the human stratum corneum (~10-20 μm), without breaking or buckling during penetration. In the current review, we discuss both the anatomical features and biomechanical properties of skin in order to understand the local environment and resistive forces relevant to μNDs insertion. Of particular importance are the factors that affect μND insertion, such as their geometry and material composition, as these can be manipulated in the design and development phase to optimise skin insertion. We review the research relevant to μND and how this interacts with skin properties. We have also reviewed the most commonly used skin drug diffusion modelling used to predict drug behaviour from μNDs, and discussed the current challenges faced by μNDs to enter clinical trials and provide positive clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article e9130002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80037481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano TransMedPub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.26599/NTM.2022.9130003
Qin Hu , Xun Pan , Yaxian Liang , Hongdan Xu , Jinning Gu , Wenting She , Huixu Xie
{"title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of bisphosphonate therapy for bone loss in individuals after middle age: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","authors":"Qin Hu , Xun Pan , Yaxian Liang , Hongdan Xu , Jinning Gu , Wenting She , Huixu Xie","doi":"10.26599/NTM.2022.9130003","DOIUrl":"10.26599/NTM.2022.9130003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>PURPOSE:</strong> The purpose of this study was to estimate the benefits and drawbacks of bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis and osteopenia in middle-aged and elderly individuals.</div><div><strong>METHODS:</strong> We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of bisphosphonates and performed a network meta-analysis to summarize the direct and indirect evidence on the efficacy and safety of bisphosphonate therapy in middle-aged and elderly individuals with osteoporosis or osteopenia.</div><div><strong>RESULTS:</strong> A total of 14 RCTs (7,769 patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia, median age, 67 years, median follow-up, 27 months) were included in this network meta-analysis. Of these, 8, 10, 9, and 6 RCTs provided outcomes on bone mineral density changes, clinical fracture rates, vertebral fracture rates, and nonvertebral fracture rates, respectively. Regarding the primary efficacy outcome, there was a 97% probability for alendronate to be the most effective treatment approach for increasing bone mineral density and an 84% probability for zoledronate to be the most effective treatment approach for clinical fractures. Regarding vertebral fractures and safety outcomes, zoledronate showed an odds ratio (OR) of 0.45 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.30-0.69) relative to placebo. For nonvertebral fractures, the OR of zoledronate relative to placebo was 0.51 (95% CI 0.29-0.90).</div><div><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> This study revealed that alendronate was effective in increasing bone mineral density in middle-aged individuals and that zoledronate was a safe treatment option for osteoporosis and osteopenia, conferring a low incidence of fracture. However, further clinical studies are needed to confirm these results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article e9130003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74043573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano TransMedPub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.26599/NTM.2022.9130001
Wen-Da Wang , Zhi-Jun Sun
{"title":"Evoking pyroptosis with nanomaterials for cancer immunotherapy: Current boom and novel outlook","authors":"Wen-Da Wang , Zhi-Jun Sun","doi":"10.26599/NTM.2022.9130001","DOIUrl":"10.26599/NTM.2022.9130001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>ABSTRACT</h3><div>Cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint blockade, has emerged as a powerful and effective clinical strategy for the treatment of tumors. However, the low response rates or systemic adverse effects owing to the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment limit the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Pyroptosis, featuring inflammation and lysis, can promote the release of large amounts of proinflammatory agents that reprogram the tumor microenvironment and is expected to achieve the transition from “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors. Therefore, understanding how to particularly evoke tumor cell pyroptosis is crucial in overcoming the adverse effects associated with the tumor microenvironment. The development of emerging nanotechnology offers an avenue for tumor-targeted drug development. Nanomaterials that can trigger tumor-specific pyroptosis have promising applications in improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy while reducing systemic adverse effects. Herein, we review the fundamentals of pyroptosis, and summarize the strategies of pyroptosis-based nanomaterials that have been developed recently, with emphasis on their utility and benefits in cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, we put forth our viewpoints regarding the investigation of nanomaterials and suggest future directions for this rapidly developing field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article e9130001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78678655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano TransMedPub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.26599/NTM.2022.9130004
Guangzhao Guan , Yan He , Li Mei
{"title":"Atomic force microscopy: A nanobiotechnology for cellular research","authors":"Guangzhao Guan , Yan He , Li Mei","doi":"10.26599/NTM.2022.9130004","DOIUrl":"10.26599/NTM.2022.9130004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanobiotechnology such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) has a great application in various regimes of cell biology, offering an excellent avenue to study cellular nanotopography, nanomechanics, and nanointeraction. AFM nanotopography can provide a high resolution of nano-architectures of different cells. AFM nanomechanics have shed new light on characterizing mechanical properties of cellular structures and biological materials as well as monitoring the physiopathological processes. AFM nanointeraction measurement helps the understanding of the molecular interaction forces at a nanoscale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article e9130004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73487699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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