Nano TransMedPub Date : 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100092
Jie Wu, Xiangdong Xue, Haijing Qu
{"title":"Tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoplatforms for enhanced cancer immunotherapy: Advances and synergistic strategies","authors":"Jie Wu, Xiangdong Xue, Haijing Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite remarkable advancements in cancer immunotherapy, its clinical efficacy remains constrained by challenges including insufficient tumor accumulation of immunotherapeutics, limited patient response rates, and immune-related adverse events. Tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive nanoplatforms have emerged as a promising strategy to address these limitations, which could respond to endogenous signals in tumor cells to achieve precise targeting, controlled drug release, and reversal of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironments. Herein, this article systematically reviews TME-responsive design strategies based on intrinsic tumor-specific features, including acidic pH, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, reductive conditions, hypoxia, and overexpressed enzymes. Furthermore, we elucidate synergistic mechanisms of TME-responsive nanosystems empowering immunotherapy: i) subcellular organelle-specific delivery, ii) TME remodeling, iii) immunometabolic reprogramming and iv) lymph node drainage regulation. Finally, the current challenges and future directions for clinical translation of these advanced nanomedicine-based immunotherapeutic strategies are discussed, providing insights for the development of next-generation cancer immunotherapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In-silico strategies in nano-drug design: Bridging nanomaterials and pharmacological applications","authors":"Nagarjuna Prakash Dalbanjan , Karuna Korgaonkar , Manjunath P. Eelager , Basavaraj Neelappa Gonal , Arihant Jayawant Kadapure , Suresh B. Arakera , Praveen Kumar S.K.","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid advancements in nanotechnology have transformed drug design and delivery systems, allowing for precise and efficient therapeutic interventions. This review examines the transformative role of in-silico approaches in nano-drug design, focusing on their ability to predict, optimize, and refine nanomaterial properties for pharmacological applications. Key computational tools such as molecular modelling, machine learning, computational fluid dynamics, and bioinformatics are thoroughly investigated, with a focus on their contributions to understanding drug loading, toxicity, targeting strategies, and nano-bio interactions. Furthermore, the incorporation of emerging technologies like digital twins and quantum computing shows the potential to overcome current limitations in accuracy, scalability, and personalization. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, particularly in closing the gap between computational predictions and experimental validations, dealing with data quality issues, and navigating regulatory frameworks. This review emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation in realizing the full potential of in-silico methods for advancing nanotherapeutics. Addressing these challenges positions the field to accelerate the development of safe, effective, and personalized medicines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano TransMedPub Date : 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100090
Jiahui Wu , Gege Zhang , Mi Zou , Qiong Huang , Yanling Zhang , Yajie Sui , Shuang Wu , Jianming Yang , Qiaojun Fang , Pingping Liang
{"title":"“Green” gas-generation strategy to combine cancer phototherapy for remarkably enhanced efficacy","authors":"Jiahui Wu , Gege Zhang , Mi Zou , Qiong Huang , Yanling Zhang , Yajie Sui , Shuang Wu , Jianming Yang , Qiaojun Fang , Pingping Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phototherapy, which mainly includes photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), has made considerable progress in the field of cancer treatment by generating reactive oxygen species or hyperthermia under photorespiration to selectively damage cancer cells. However, PDT or PTT monotherapy still needs to overcome the respective limitations for biosafety and efficacy improvement. Gas therapy, especially guided by photoacoustic imaging, is an emerging therapeutic approach that destroys cancer cells by increasing the levels of certain gases at the tumor site, wherein some gas molecules can not only increase the O<sub>2</sub> level by cellular respiration inhibition and nanoparticles accumulation by controlled release but also inhibit HSP expression and hyperthermia-induced inflammation. Hence, combining various gases with phototherapy and hyperthermia-induced photoacoustic imaging to achieve superlatively superimposed therapeutic outcomes has received increasing attention due to its unique biological functions. In this review, gas molecular monotherapy is initially summarized, followed by a comprehensive overview of the latest research advances in gas-assisted phototherapy or photoacoustic imaging, finally exploring the prospects and challenges of gas therapy to fight cancer. Recent research advances are summarized, providing innovative perspectives on the design of cancer phototherapy or photoacoustic imaging combined with gas therapy to further improve the therapeutic outlook.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Redox-sensitive camptothecin prodrug: A promising drug delivery strategy with ultrahigh drug loading and tunable drug release","authors":"Shiwei Fu , Vanessa Puche , Bowen Zhao , Xiao Zhang , Victoria A.A. McKenzie , Sophia Garcia , Fuwu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small molecular drugs play a critical role in cancer therapy but face challenges like poor solubility, severe side effects, and inefficient delivery. Polymeric micellar-based drug delivery systems show promise but struggle with low drug loading, instability, and premature drug release partly due to the incompatible physicochemical properties. Here, we report a simple and efficient method to develop redox-sensitive camptothecin (CPT) prodrug by conjugating alkyl chains to CPT via a disulfide linker. By conjugating alkyl chains of varying lengths to CPT via a disulfide linker, we achieved high drug-loading efficiency and loading capacity, controlled responsive drug release, due to enhanced hydrophobic interaction and miscibility with the carrier. The prodrug loaded NPs exhibited slower drug release for more hydrophobic ones with longer alky chains. In vitro cytotoxicity assays against cancer cells confirmed the prodrugs' potency and the critical role of the disulfide bond in maintaining anticancer activity. These findings highlight the importance of tuning prodrug hydrophobicity and GSH sensitivity in drug delivery. This prodrug engineering strategy, which involves conjugating a hydrophobic alkyl chain to modulate the drug's physicochemical properties, offers a straightforward approach for designing and optimizing drug delivery systems for a wide range of therapeutic agents, whether hydrophilic or hydrophobic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mitigating oxidative stress toxicities of environmental pollutants by antioxidant nanoformulations","authors":"Hamieh Goshtasbi , Nastaran Hashemzadeh , Marziyeh Fathi , Ali Movafeghi , Jaleh Barar , Yadollah Omidi","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidative stress arising from reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) imposes a severe threat to living organisms by causing extensive cellular and subcellular damage. Environmental pollutants (e.g., xenoestrogens, pesticides, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) further amplify RONS generation, disrupting mitochondrial function and triggering chronic inflammation. Mitochondrial dysfunction not only hinders energy metabolism but also facilitates the release of pro-apoptotic factors (e.g., cytochrome c), ultimately leading to programmed cell death. Consequently, heightened oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment are key contributors to a range of chronic illnesses, including metabolic, cardiovascular, endocrine, reproductive, neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer. While exogenous antioxidants have shown potential in neutralizing RONS and alleviating oxidative damage, clinical applications are hampered by poor bioavailability, instability, and limited cellular uptake. Antioxidant nanoformulations, particularly those employing biodegradable lipidic and polymeric nanocarriers, offer a promising strategy to address these challenges. Formulated nanoscale delivery systems and bioengineered nanocarriers have been developed for the delivery of antioxidants, which have enhanced antioxidant stability and targeted delivery, and improved therapeutic outcomes. This review discusses the latest advances in nanocarrier-based antioxidant therapies, emphasizing their capacity to mitigate toxicities induced by environmental pollutants and oxidative stress, ultimately opening new prospects for disease management and preventive healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plant-based nanotherapeutics: A new frontier in disease management and prevention","authors":"Sumitha Elayaperumal , Yuvaraj Sivamani , Parth Agarwal , Nimmy Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in the field of medicine, offering innovative solutions for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Among the myriad sources of nanomaterials, plant-based nanotherapeutics stand out due to their biocompatibility, eco-friendliness, and potential for sustainable production. These nanomaterials show promise across a range of diseases, demonstrating significant anticancer activity and potent antimicrobial properties against bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Additionally, their applications in managing diabetes, reducing inflammation, and promoting wound healing highlight their versatility and effectiveness. Despite challenges such as scaling up nanoparticle production, ensuring stability, and creating standardized regulatory frameworks, the future of plant-based nanotherapeutics is promising. As the field advances, plant-based nanotherapeutics have the potential to transform healthcare by providing more effective, safe, and eco-friendly treatment options. This review article delves into the burgeoning field of plant-based nanotherapeutics, highlighting their mechanisms of action, and diverse applications in disease treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano TransMedPub Date : 2025-05-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100085
Karthik K Karunakar , Binoy Varghese Cheriyan , Dheena Babu , Devan P , Nandhini J , Suresh Kannan M , Lincy Yabase , Kunal Kataria
{"title":"Selenium, silver, and gold nanoparticles: Emerging strategies for hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation reduction","authors":"Karthik K Karunakar , Binoy Varghese Cheriyan , Dheena Babu , Devan P , Nandhini J , Suresh Kannan M , Lincy Yabase , Kunal Kataria","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liver failure, primarily driven by oxidative stress and inflammation, remains a significant clinical challenge. Conventional hepatoprotective strategies often fail to provide effective long-term protection, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the hepatoprotective potential of selenium (SeNPs), silver (AgNPs), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), emphasizing their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory mechanisms. SeNPs enhance antioxidant defenses by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulating key enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). AgNPs exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by modulating cytokine expression, reducing lipid peroxidation, and preserving hepatic architecture. AuNPs demonstrate biocompatibility, fibrosis prevention, and immune modulation through NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling. Despite their therapeutic promise, concerns regarding nanoparticle biocompatibility, stability, and potential toxicity remain key challenges for clinical translation. This review aims to explore the role of (SeNPs), (AgNPs), and (AuNPs) in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation in liver diseases, explore their mechanisms of hepatoprotection, assess the challenges associated with their biomedical applications, and provide insights into future directions for their clinical development. Addressing these gaps will be crucial in optimizing nanoparticle-based hepatoprotective therapies for safer and more effective liver disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano TransMedPub Date : 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100084
Zeping Shan , Xinming Su , Luqing Liu, Shiwei Duan
{"title":"Liquid biopsy based on EV biomarkers: A new frontier for early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of cancer at ESMO 2024","authors":"Zeping Shan , Xinming Su , Luqing Liu, Shiwei Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as powerful biomarkers in liquid biopsy, offering insights into early cancer diagnosis, precision treatment, and prognosis evaluation. EVs, including microvesicles, exosomes, and apoptotic bodies, carry molecular cargo that reflects the physiological or pathological state of parent cells. Recent research, including findings presented at the 2024 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) meeting, highlights significant advances in using EVs for early detection and prognosis in some solid tumors. While applications hold great potential, challenges remain, including the need for advanced technologies for efficient EV separation and purification, characterizing heterogeneity, detecting single EV markers, and overcoming small sample sizes. Addressing these issues will require increased technical investment, collaborative efforts, and large-scale clinical trials. These steps are essential to overcome the current limitations and to promote the application and development of EV-based approaches in cancer diagnosis and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano TransMedPub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100083
Ugochi E. Ewii , Anthony A. Attama , Emmanuel O. Olorunsola , Adaeze Linda Onugwu , Fortune Uchechukwu Nwakpa , Chioma Anyiam , Chinonye Chijioke , Toochukwu Ogbulie
{"title":"Nanoparticles for drug delivery: Insight into in vitro and in vivo drug release from nanomedicines","authors":"Ugochi E. Ewii , Anthony A. Attama , Emmanuel O. Olorunsola , Adaeze Linda Onugwu , Fortune Uchechukwu Nwakpa , Chioma Anyiam , Chinonye Chijioke , Toochukwu Ogbulie","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanotechnology enables the achievement of the desired outcomes of nano-formulations, and the mode of drug delivery from the nanoparticles can significantly impact the efficacy of the embedded drug. This article reviews the various types of nanoparticles, methods of evaluating the drug release, <em>in vitro-in vivo</em> correlation, and regulatory challenges associated with nano-formulations. Nanoparticles have been classified into organic, inorganic, and hybrid nanoparticles. Several techniques, such as separated flow, continuous flow, and dialysis methods, have been utilized to assess nano-formulations' <em>in vitro</em> release. In <em>vivo</em> drug release evaluations in biological systems have also been demonstrated. Such evaluations often involve experimental models for the distribution of the nanoparticles, hematology, clearance, histopathology, and serum chemistry. Protein binding, enzymatic degradation, lipid absorption, carbohydrate absorption, and attachment to nucleic acid are some factors shown to affect drug release. <em>In vitro-in-vivo</em> correlation (IVIVC) involves the analysis of the drug release results and mathematical correlations. Factors such as the physicochemical properties of the nanoformulations, the subject’s physiological properties, and the formulation’s biopharmaceutical properties relative to the subject usually affect the correlation. Unlike previous reviews, this article uniquely combines mechanistic insights, production methods, stimuli-responsive systems, and regulatory considerations into a single reference, thereby offering a practical and translational perspective for researchers and formulators. This review also identifies current gaps in IVIVC standardization and highlights opportunities for advancing nanoformulation safety and efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}