Integration of graphene quantum dots with 3D scaffolds for precision medicine and regenerative applications

Integrated onto three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) present a novel method for tissue creation and precision drug delivery. Among its special characteristics are photoluminescence, biocompatibility, and a large surface area fit for functionalizing. Targeting drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and diagnostic capability, GQD-functionalized 3D scaffolds provide. This review discusses the synthesis, characteristics, and functionalizing techniques of GQD-functionalized 3D scaffolds to achieve desired delivery. GQD-functionalized 3D scaffolds underscore their possible use by means of synergistic effects in cancer treatment, tissue engineering, wound healing, and chronic illness management. Even with real-time medication release and therapeutic effect monitoring allowed, GQD-functionalized 3D scaffolds can provide chemotherapeutic drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins to tumor locations. In tissue engineering, GQD-functionalized scaffolds help cells in proliferation, differentiation, and neovascularization. Moreover, GQD-functionalized 3D scaffolds speed wound healing and help avoid infections. GQD-functionalized 3D scaffolds indicate a promising method for continuous medicine administration and tissue regeneration for chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Still, there are somewhat typical issues with long-term safety, mass production, and regulatory approval. Green synthesis methods, better functionalizing methods, and design-based stimuli-responsive scaffolds are among the future directions. Clinical application of this technology depends totally on cooperative efforts of material scientists, biomedical engineers, medical practitioners, and regulatory authorities. Depending on continuous development, GQD-functionalized 3D scaffold technology presents enormous possibilities to transform medicine delivery and regeneration.