Nano TransMedPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100090
Jiahui Wu , Gege Zhang , Mi Zou , Qiong Huang , Yanling Zhang , Yajie Sui , Shuang Wu , Jianming Yang , Qiaojun Fang , Pingping Liang
{"title":"“Green” gas-generation strategy to combine cancer phototherapy for remarkably enhanced efficacy","authors":"Jiahui Wu , Gege Zhang , Mi Zou , Qiong Huang , Yanling Zhang , Yajie Sui , Shuang Wu , Jianming Yang , Qiaojun Fang , Pingping Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phototherapy, which mainly includes photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), has made considerable progress in the field of cancer treatment by generating reactive oxygen species or hyperthermia under photorespiration to selectively damage cancer cells. However, PDT or PTT monotherapy still needs to overcome the respective limitations for biosafety and efficacy improvement. Gas therapy, especially guided by photoacoustic imaging, is an emerging therapeutic approach that destroys cancer cells by increasing the levels of certain gases at the tumor site, wherein some gas molecules can not only increase the O<sub>2</sub> level by cellular respiration inhibition and nanoparticles accumulation by controlled release but also inhibit HSP expression and hyperthermia-induced inflammation. Hence, combining various gases with phototherapy and hyperthermia-induced photoacoustic imaging to achieve superlatively superimposed therapeutic outcomes has received increasing attention due to its unique biological functions. In this review, gas molecular monotherapy is initially summarized, followed by a comprehensive overview of the latest research advances in gas-assisted phototherapy or photoacoustic imaging, finally exploring the prospects and challenges of gas therapy to fight cancer. Recent research advances are summarized, providing innovative perspectives on the design of cancer phototherapy or photoacoustic imaging combined with gas therapy to further improve the therapeutic outlook.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nano delivery systems in stem cell therapy: Transforming regenerative medicine and overcoming clinical challenges","authors":"Aswini Rajendran, Rithi Angelin Rajan, Saranya Balasubramaniyam, Karthikeyan Elumalai","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2024.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2024.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach in regenerative medicine, offering potential treatments for various degenerative diseases and injuries. However, the clinical application of stem cell therapy faces challenges such as low cell viability, inefficient delivery to target sites, and immune rejection. Nanodelivery systems (NDS) have the potential to address these limitations and enhance the efficacy of stem cell-based treatments. This review looks at how NDS can help stem cell therapy work well by creating a safe environment, allowing targeted delivery, and making it easier to control the release of therapeutic factors. The article discusses various types of NDS, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and magnetic nanoparticles, highlighting their unique properties and advantages in stem cell therapy applications. Furthermore, the review examines the potential of NDS in specific areas of regenerative medicine, such as cardiovascular regeneration, neurodegenerative diseases, musculoskeletal tissue repair, and wound healing. The article also addresses the challenges and limitations associated with NDS, such as biocompatibility, toxicity, manufacturing scalability, and regulatory hurdles. Finally, the article explores the future trajectory of nanotechnology in stem cell therapy, discussing the utilization of intelligent nanoparticles, precision genetic modifications, and the benefits of personalized nanomedicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano TransMedPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100071
Nobendu Mukerjee , Dattatreya Mukherjee
{"title":"PROTAC-based therapeutics for targeting HPV oncoproteins in head and neck cancers","authors":"Nobendu Mukerjee , Dattatreya Mukherjee","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing incidence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck cancers, particularly oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, highlights the need for advanced therapeutic options beyond the traditional modalities of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, which often lead to significant morbidity and lack specificity in targeting the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) present a novel therapeutic strategy, leveraging the ubiquitin-proteasome system to specifically degrade the oncogenic HPV proteins E6 and E7. This targeted approach not only potentially reduces the side effects associated with conventional treatments but also directly interrupts the cancer-promoting activities of these proteins, offering a promising avenue for more effective and less invasive treatment of HPV-associated malignancies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano TransMedPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100081
Rolemae M. Murilla, Gladys G. Edilo, Marco Laurence M. Budlayan, Eulogio S. Auxtero Jr.
{"title":"Boron delivery agents in BNCT: A mini review of current developments and emerging trends","authors":"Rolemae M. Murilla, Gladys G. Edilo, Marco Laurence M. Budlayan, Eulogio S. Auxtero Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a highly targeted form of radiation therapy offering significant potential for treating hard-to-manage cancers such as glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, and recurrent melanoma <span><span>[1]</span></span>. Its effectiveness relies on the selective accumulation of boron-10 within tumor cells, enabling localized high-linear-energy transfer (high-LET) damage through neutron capture reactions. Despite the promise of this therapeutic approach, the development of efficient boron delivery agents remains a critical challenge. This review explores the evolution of boron delivery agents over three generations, highlighting their advancements, limitations, and emerging trends. Early first-generation agents, such as sodium tetraborate, faced issues with tumor specificity and retention, leading to the introduction of second-generation agents like boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium borocaptate (BSH). While these agents improved therapeutic outcomes, they exhibited limitations in tumor uptake mechanisms, selectivity, and retention. Recent advancements have resulted in third-generation agents that integrate nanotechnology, monoclonal antibodies, and multifunctional frameworks, significantly enhancing tumor specificity and therapeutic efficiency. These innovative agents utilize targeted delivery, imaging capabilities, and theranostic functionalities to optimize treatment outcomes. However, challenges remain in overcoming tumor heterogeneity, ensuring regulatory compliance, and scaling up production. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current developments in boron delivery systems, offering insights into their potential to transform BNCT into a more effective and accessible cancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano TransMedPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100076
Elias Emeka Elemike , Innocent Chukwujekwu Onunkwo , Odiri Ughumiakpor , Faith Alawuru , Anthony Mukoro , Peter Ishom , Faith Obarakpor , Ismail Hossain , Andrew E. Aziza
{"title":"Bio-nanomaterials: Promising anticancer properties and treatment strategies","authors":"Elias Emeka Elemike , Innocent Chukwujekwu Onunkwo , Odiri Ughumiakpor , Faith Alawuru , Anthony Mukoro , Peter Ishom , Faith Obarakpor , Ismail Hossain , Andrew E. Aziza","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most difficult diseases to treat in people is cancer, and its mortality rate has recently increased significantly. Nanoparticles are used in the rapidly developing field of cancer nanomedicine to diagnose and as well treat cancer. The often-systemic effects with conventional therapy have now been minimized by the ability of nanoparticles to release normally considered insoluble medicines to tumor locations both far and near. Due to their strong qualities and effects, which include biocompatibility, biosafety, biodegradability, synergistic and autologous therapeutic effects, biologically-based nanomaterials have drawn great interests with regards to cancer therapy. It has been extensively discussed and discovered that nucleic acid, polysaccharides, polyphenol or phenolics, proteins (also peptide), cell and subcellular fractions, as well as lipid are bioactive substances. The utilization of these biologically-active materials in nano-formulation is promising toward efficient treatment of cancer through by different oncological therapeutic strategies. As a result of their structural characterizations, adaptable characteristics, anti-tumor processes, and biological performances, these bioactive compounds have been specifically used as examples of the functions of composite nanosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanocarrier-based insulin delivery: A leap towards a needle-free future","authors":"Saranya Balasubramaniyam, Thirumalaikumaran Rathinam, Mohanakrishnan Srinivasan, Sowmiya Jayarani","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The burden of diabetes mellitus continues to escalate globally, demanding innovative and patient-centric therapeutic alternatives to conventional insulin injections. Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems offer transformative potential in diabetes management by enabling needle-free, targeted, and sustained insulin administration. This review not only explores the cutting-edge landscape of nanocarriers—liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, and nanoemulsions—but also uniquely integrates clinical trial outcomes, molecular mechanisms, and novel applications such as CRISPR-based gene therapy and dietary extracellular vesicles (ELVs). These platforms shield insulin from enzymatic breakdown, enable oral or transdermal delivery, and provide controlled release to simulate physiological insulin profiles. Future uses encompass gene-loaded nanocarriers for regenerating pancreatic beta cells and intelligent nanocarriers integrated with biosensors for real-time glucose-responsive insulin release. This union opens the way for self-directed diabetes management with minimal patient interaction. Albeit promising, problems like potential toxicity, financial impediments, and regulatory issues have to be solved through collaborative efforts involving interdisciplinary inputs. Notably, the coupling of nanocarrier technology with wearable technology and personalized medicine techniques signals a shift in diabetes care paradigms. With maturity in research, these smart systems might not only obviate the need for syringe dependence but also redefine treatment by merging bioengineering, diagnostics, and regenerative strategies. Nanomedicine's role is poised to shift diabetes care from symptom management to functional cure, with global implications for improving patient quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential of the green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Martynia annua L. root extract","authors":"Megha B. Abbigeri , Bothe Thokchom , Sapam Riches Singh , Santosh Mallikarjun Bhavi , B.P. Harini , Ramesh Babu Yarajarla","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The weed <em>Martynia annua</em> traditionally known as Kakanasika is annual herbaceous plant known for its multiple medicinal properties such as anthelmintic, analgesic, antipyretic, antibacterial, anti-convulsant, anti-fertility, antinociceptive, antioxidant, CNS depressant and wound healing activity. The aqueous root extract of <em>M. annua</em> was subjected to qualitative analysis, revealing the presence of terpeniods, indicative of its rich phytochemicals composition. Utilizing a green synthesis approach, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized from the plant extract. Characterization through UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, DLS, and SEM/EDX confirmed the formation of AgNPs with polygonal morphology and an average size of 64 nm, with the PDI of 0.385. Additionally, the AgNPs demonstrated moderate stability, evidenced by a zeta potential of −21.6 mV. Evaluation of the synthesized AgNPs focused on their anti-diabetic potential. The green synthesized R-AgNPs were potent antioxidant agents. They exhibited significant inhibition of alpha amylase, a pivotal enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting their efficacy as anti-diabetic agents. Moreover, the AgNPs enhanced glucose uptake by yeast cells, indicating their promising therapeutic role in managing diabetes mellitus. This study highlights the pharmacological importance of <em>M.annua</em>, particularly its aqueous root extract, in the eco-friendly synthesis of AgNPs with potential therapeutic implications. Further investigation into the mechanism of action and clinical efficacy of these AgNPs in diabetes management is warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano TransMedPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100092
Jie Wu, Xiangdong Xue, Haijing Qu
{"title":"Tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoplatforms for enhanced cancer immunotherapy: Advances and synergistic strategies","authors":"Jie Wu, Xiangdong Xue, Haijing Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite remarkable advancements in cancer immunotherapy, its clinical efficacy remains constrained by challenges including insufficient tumor accumulation of immunotherapeutics, limited patient response rates, and immune-related adverse events. Tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive nanoplatforms have emerged as a promising strategy to address these limitations, which could respond to endogenous signals in tumor cells to achieve precise targeting, controlled drug release, and reversal of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironments. Herein, this article systematically reviews TME-responsive design strategies based on intrinsic tumor-specific features, including acidic pH, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, reductive conditions, hypoxia, and overexpressed enzymes. Furthermore, we elucidate synergistic mechanisms of TME-responsive nanosystems empowering immunotherapy: i) subcellular organelle-specific delivery, ii) TME remodeling, iii) immunometabolic reprogramming and iv) lymph node drainage regulation. Finally, the current challenges and future directions for clinical translation of these advanced nanomedicine-based immunotherapeutic strategies are discussed, providing insights for the development of next-generation cancer immunotherapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Redox-sensitive camptothecin prodrug: A promising drug delivery strategy with ultrahigh drug loading and tunable drug release","authors":"Shiwei Fu , Vanessa Puche , Bowen Zhao , Xiao Zhang , Victoria A.A. McKenzie , Sophia Garcia , Fuwu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ntm.2025.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small molecular drugs play a critical role in cancer therapy but face challenges like poor solubility, severe side effects, and inefficient delivery. Polymeric micellar-based drug delivery systems show promise but struggle with low drug loading, instability, and premature drug release partly due to the incompatible physicochemical properties. Here, we report a simple and efficient method to develop redox-sensitive camptothecin (CPT) prodrug by conjugating alkyl chains to CPT via a disulfide linker. By conjugating alkyl chains of varying lengths to CPT via a disulfide linker, we achieved high drug-loading efficiency and loading capacity, controlled responsive drug release, due to enhanced hydrophobic interaction and miscibility with the carrier. The prodrug loaded NPs exhibited slower drug release for more hydrophobic ones with longer alky chains. In vitro cytotoxicity assays against cancer cells confirmed the prodrugs' potency and the critical role of the disulfide bond in maintaining anticancer activity. These findings highlight the importance of tuning prodrug hydrophobicity and GSH sensitivity in drug delivery. This prodrug engineering strategy, which involves conjugating a hydrophobic alkyl chain to modulate the drug's physicochemical properties, offers a straightforward approach for designing and optimizing drug delivery systems for a wide range of therapeutic agents, whether hydrophilic or hydrophobic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100941,"journal":{"name":"Nano TransMed","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}