Measurement: Energy最新文献

{"title":"Preparation and certification of benzoic acid reference material for calorimetry analysis","authors":"Arindam Sen ,&nbsp;Rajen Kundu ,&nbsp;Arvind Kumar Upadhyay ,&nbsp;Savita Soni ,&nbsp;Sanchita Chakravarty","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Benzoic acid reference material is indispensable for bomb calorimeter instrument calibration and validation of gross calorific value (GCV) analysis of any substance. In this work, we demonstrated the preparation of benzoic acid reference material through a homogeneity study, round-robin analysis, and stability study. Two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) test for gross calorific value in the randomly selected sub-samples of benzoic acid exhibits a lower <em>F</em>_<em>TS</em> value than the <em>F</em>_{<em>crit</em>} value, indicating that the samples are sufficiently homogeneous. The calculated uncertainty of between-bottle (<em>u</em>_<em>bb</em>) and uncertainty of homogeneity (<em>u</em>_<em>hom</em>) for GCV of benzoic acid in the sub-samples were found as 1.82 and 4.42 ​cal/g respectively. We found that the observed homogeneity (<em>u</em>_{<em>hom (Finding)</em>}) value is lower than the assumed homogeneity (<em>u</em>_{<em>hom (Assume)</em>}) value for the prepared benzoic acid reference material. Overall observations confirm that the sub-samples are sufficiently homogeneous. Moreover, the round-robin analysis/or inter-laboratory comparison analysis was conducted to assign the gross calorific value and determine the characterization uncertainty. The seventh order of Grubbs' analysis was done using robust estimator Alogoritm A to assign the GCV of benzoic acid. Finally, the measurement uncertainty of the assigned GCV of benzoic acid was calculated with the combined uncertainties from various sources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950345024000162/pdfft?md5=043b511c377475bdbd886ff5c0dda2c6&pid=1-s2.0-S2950345024000162-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141961940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voltage relaxation characterization methods in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Alexa Fernando ,&nbsp;Matthias Kuipers ,&nbsp;Georg Angenendt ,&nbsp;Kai-Philip Kairies ,&nbsp;Matthieu Dubarry","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated three approaches for characterizing voltage relaxation in lithium-ion batteries: voltage vs. time, the derivative of voltage vs. time, and the second derivative of voltage vs. time. The first two are well-established approaches, whereas the third was never investigated to our knowledge. To assess the potential of each approach, characterizations were performed on data with various depth-of-discharges, regimes, state of healths, temperatures, and chemistries. Findings indicate that the established approaches do not comprehensively characterize voltage relaxation whereas the novel approach demonstrated promise in providing a quantitative feature to compare relaxation behaviors. However, it was found to have severe limitations in its application due to its lack of consistency between chemistry, rates, and temperatures, reliance on heavy filtering, and inability to identify trends in capacity loss, all preventing any potential for widespread application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950345024000137/pdfft?md5=9ea0402581a81a3b6f22d8332207438d&pid=1-s2.0-S2950345024000137-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141736717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instrumentation of novel optical sensor technology to detect the real-time electrolyte colour change in Li-on pouch cells","authors":"Saud Sattar,&nbsp;Thomas Statheros,&nbsp;Safeer Rahman,&nbsp;Christopher Gardner,&nbsp;Quirin Kellner,&nbsp;Rohit Bhagat,&nbsp;Alexander Roberts,&nbsp;Yue Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The need for new and improved diagnostic tools becomes paramount for Li-ion batteries in order to ensure their optimum performance along with their longevity and safety and there remain aspirational targets for Li-ion batteries regarding fast-charging, energy density, safety and lifetime that must be met to achieve further growth. The study of degradation mechanisms (such as electrolyte degradation, thermal runaway, gassing and cycling aging) at the cell level contributes significantly to the understanding of the aging phenomena and will enable improvements for future generations of LIBs. Among various indicators, the colour change of the electrolyte within Li-ion cells presents a largely unexplored avenue for assessing state of health and predicting early signs of degradation. This research proposes a new methodology for the development of an innovative optical sensor technology and its incorporation into a pouch cell. The sensor comprises of a photodiode and RGB LED, mounted on a single flexible PCB, capable of the real-time detection of electrolyte colour changes inside Li-ion pouch cells. Previous studies have identified electrolyte colour change as a potential marker for battery condition through various invasive testing methods; however, the proposed optical technique represents a step change in in-situ real-time diagnostics. This study elaborates on the process of developing and incorporating the sensors precisely into pouch cells and seeks to demonstrate the capability of these sensors to accurately detect alterations in the colour of the electrolyte as the cell ages, without having adverse effects on the cell's performance and offers the potential for direct correlation of electrolyte change with battery state of health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950345024000149/pdfft?md5=b4c809fd7b83712c81256da716260f70&pid=1-s2.0-S2950345024000149-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141736718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a cost-effective photoelectric sensor for daylight harvesting in smart public lighting systems","authors":"Aytaç Gören ,&nbsp;Fatima Khanfar ,&nbsp;Ahmed Rachid","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Global warming concerns, along with international agreements and regulations, reflect a broader effort to change the public's high energy demand in recent years. Smart public lighting systems are gaining popularity due to their energy-saving capabilities, reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, and improved public comfort. However, transitioning to smart public lighting requires careful planning and multiple stages. This is not only to accommodate public behavior, revise scenarios, and test citizen acceptance but also due to the necessary infrastructure investments. Smart public lighting incorporates new technologies, often with a breakeven point that takes several years to reach. To promote the widespread adoption of smart public lighting, it is essential to produce relatively expensive components in large quantities and explore cost-effective solutions. This research focuses on investigating a cost-effective photoelectric sensor for smart public purposes. The primary originality of this study lies in identifying a cost-effective photoelectric sensor that can replace technically equivalent but more expensive sensor solutions for indoor and outdoor lighting control purposes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950345024000125/pdfft?md5=3c39d4c63e90f8f39245ebc73f57c447&pid=1-s2.0-S2950345024000125-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ monitoring of cycling characteristics in lithium-ion battery based on a two-cavity cascade fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer","authors":"Ke Tan ,&nbsp;Hongyu Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoshuang Dai,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Li,&nbsp;Xingyu Li,&nbsp;Weirong Gan,&nbsp;Junfeng Jiang,&nbsp;Tiegen Liu,&nbsp;Shuang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The state characterization inside the lithium-ion battery during charge/discharge cycling is extremely crucial for understanding the electrochemical reaction mechanism. However, current methods exhibit a challenge to overcome the specific battery environment obstacles, including strong redox properties, strong electromagnetic interference, and fast reaction processes. Hence, more efforts are still needed to monitor the actual state inside the battery accurately and reliably. To address this issue, we designed and developed a compact two-cavity cascade fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) sensor that can be safely implanted in batteries to measure internal temperature and pressure simultaneously. With its high pressure and temperature sensitivity of 26.6 ​nm/kPa and 107 ​nm/°C, this sensor exhibits an ultra-low cross-sensitivity of −40 ​Pa/°C. During charge/discharge cycling tests, regular cyclic pressure and temperature signals are obtained at various rates cycling in real-time and in situ, revealing details about the actual state characterization inside the battery. From the experiment results, the pressure inside the battery is divided into reversible changes caused by respiration effects and irreversible changes caused by trace gas production. Furthermore, the FPI sensor provides a more precise temperature than thermocouples that measure the surface temperature of the battery, reflecting the internal/external temperature difference to a maximum of 3.5 ​°C at 1 ​C rate cycling. This operando FPI sensor provides a valuable technological tool for battery performance testing and safety monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950345024000113/pdfft?md5=f428af0b477bb1579a52423d8bafa378&pid=1-s2.0-S2950345024000113-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the energy efficiency in a walking hearth type reheating furnace by energy balance method and optimizing the resources","authors":"Koushik Chakravarty ,&nbsp;Souvik Mondal ,&nbsp;Rajen Kundu","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most metal industries use reheating furnaces (RHF) for their finishing operations. This RHF is highly energy-consuming equipment that heats the material inside the chamber for rolling or shaping using the by-product gases, natural gas, or oil as fuel. It is necessary to minimize or optimize the fuel consumption to the extent possible. By analyzing the plant operating data, plant measurements, and energy balance calculation, this work aims to determine the potential for decreasing the fuel consumption of a billet reheating furnace. Predictions are made by modeling operating data to reveal the hidden problems and uncover underlying issues. The study results in increasing productivity by 11 ​% while oil consumption was reduced by 14 ​%. These actions significantly decreased carbon emissions considerably and generated significant cost savings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950345024000101/pdfft?md5=96e8e7a54da4a5f05d0dcc611cba71d6&pid=1-s2.0-S2950345024000101-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-intrusive fault detection in shipboard power systems using wavelet graph neural networks","authors":"Soroush Senemmar ,&nbsp;Roshni Anna Jacob ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Naval shipboard power systems (SPS) are rapidly embracing electrification, resulting in loads that generate pulsation currents and encounter substantial transients. However, conventional time-based features alone are inadequate for effectively monitoring and safeguarding these loads against faults. This highlights the critical requirement for advanced machine learning based methods to discern and differentiate between the various transient stages within the load profile. In this paper, we propose a Wavelet Graph Neural Network (WGNN) model for non-intrusive fault detection in SPS. The fault detection system leverages the dynamic model of the SPS to train and test performance with varying fault scenarios. The underlying structure and the interdependence among component states in the SPS network are effectively captured using the WGNN model, resulting in accuracies over 99% for intrusive fault detection and 97% for non-intrusive fault detection. The developed WGNN model has also shown to be robust in the presence of pulse loads and noise, achieving an accuracy of over 95%. At the end, a real-time simulation of the proposed method is validated on a hardware-in-the-loop system, guaranteeing the high fidelity and low latency of the proposed approach. These findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed WGNN model for fault detection and real-world applications in SPS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950345024000095/pdfft?md5=27a4158633890e0c87906688324528f2&pid=1-s2.0-S2950345024000095-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An embedded inductor current estimation system for integrated multiport converter in hardware-in-the-loop applications","authors":"Sanchari Hajari,&nbsp;Olive Ray","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multiport power electronics converters enable interfacing of multiple sources and loads within a renewable-rich dc microgrid. The system evaluation of these microgrids such as dynamic performance of components, stability analysis are often evaluated using hardware-in-loop (HIL) approach for different real time conditions. The digital twin of device under test (DUT) is realized within real time simulator using voltage and current sensor measurements in the HIL-based testing approach. Current sensing systems for multiport power converter systems require transducers to be connected in path of current with restrictions on sensor bandwidth, auxiliary circuit overhead requirements for biasing and signal conditioning. This paper addresses the development of high frequency current sensing method using shunt-type measurements with reduced auxiliary circuit overheads. The proposed method provides a digital estimate of inductor current which can be implemented in an embedded processor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950345024000083/pdfft?md5=54c4e7359c3776229dca3d27bc241c2e&pid=1-s2.0-S2950345024000083-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the impact of irradiance, temperature and tilt angle on the performance of grid-connected solar power plant","authors":"Sameera ,&nbsp;Mohd Tariq ,&nbsp;Mohd Rihan","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to maximize the solar radiations falling on a Photo-voltaic (PV) panel and hence, to maximize the solar power generation, an optimum tilt angle of the PV panels for a specific geographic location plays a critical role. This paper exploits the tilt angle and establishes an empirical relation among optimum tilt angle, module temperature and ambient temperature. Moreover, estimating accurate solar photovoltaic power output depends on the correct modelling of the PV module. Temperature and irradiance dependent modelling need statistical support for their behaviour and pattern. This work also examines and institutes the relationship between Ambient temperature and Module temperature throughout the year. Furthermore, in order to determine the impact of irradiance, ambient temperature and module temperature on the solar power generation of a grid-connected solar power plant, this paper evaluates Karl Pearson correlation coefficients for each of the following three pairs (1) generation and irradiance (2) generation and ambient temperature and (3) generation and module temperature, for all the 12 months of a year. The results obtained shall help to better understand, manage, plan, forecast and stabilize the solar power output. Earlier researchers usually used weather data for their study, which are not location-specific therefore, accuracy is questionable. Hence, the data used in this research is recorded from a 3.3 MWp grid-tied ground-installed solar power plant and a 119 ​KW grid-tied rooftop-installed solar power plant, both located at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. This paper presents an exhaustive analysis of the two grid-tied solar power plants as there is very little work with actual data of generation, irradiance, temperature and tilt angle, all measured on the spot with high accuracy; results obtained are realistic with a novel approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950345024000071/pdfft?md5=731b650398aba76501e953094ad3e707&pid=1-s2.0-S2950345024000071-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and performance evaluation of Front glass-covered photovoltaics-thermal hybrid system for enhanced electrical output and hot water production","authors":"Abhay Vijay Kotkondawar ,&nbsp;Kushagra Gabhane ,&nbsp;Sadhana Rayalu","doi":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meaene.2024.100006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Proof of concept is established for the thermal management of PV modules for the simultaneous benefit of electrical and thermal efficiency. It was achieved by designing the controlled open-loop water-based hybrid PV-T system and demonstrated for thermal management of 150W photovoltaic panel at natural solar conditions. In this integrated front glass-covered PV-T hybrid (IFG-PV-T) system, the PV panel is clipped between the front glass and rear aluminium collector without causing any permanent changes in the existing panel. The flow of water from the source tank is controlled by automated solenoid valve assembly coupled with thermocouples. The solenoid operational temperature is fixed at 40°C to controlled the PV surface temperature at an optimum range to mitigate the adverse effect on voltage and current output. The water layer thickness in the front glass box is optimized to filter the maximum infrared radiations and the collector's toughened glass feature allows the maximum light transmittance with super safety. The performance of the IFG-PV-T system has been evaluated in terms of variation in open circuit voltage, short circuit current, maximum power output, electric and thermal efficiency under the natural solar insolation for a week. Experimental investigations revealed that the open-circuit voltage is increased by ∼16.1 % with IFG-PV-T as compared to conventional PV panel. The increment can be attributed to the synergy of the front glass collector and solenoid valve operation at <strong>40</strong>^{<strong>o</strong>}<strong>C</strong> that regulates PV surface temperature and boost the current output. These factors have ameliorated the electrical efficiency of IFG-PV-T compared to conventional PV panel. The average thermal efficiency was 39.4 ​% wherein the IFG-PV-T system provides ∼100 ​L of hot water (38–41 ​°C) per day. The present controlled loop operation system and collector configuration have proven their significance for electrical power increment and concomitantly able to deliver moderate hot water which can be useful for any household or commercial application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100897,"journal":{"name":"Measurement: Energy","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S295034502400006X/pdfft?md5=3db4f0833f8870921df9a00a843c7885&pid=1-s2.0-S295034502400006X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141140881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}