Maritime Transport Research最新文献_第9页

Human error in marine accidents: Is the crew normally to blame? 海上事故中的人为失误：船员通常是罪魁祸首吗？

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2021.100016

Javier Sánchez-Beaskoetxea , Imanol Basterretxea-Iribar , Iranzu Sotés , María de las Mercedes Maruri Machado

{"title":"Human error in marine accidents: Is the crew normally to blame?","authors":"Javier Sánchez-Beaskoetxea , Imanol Basterretxea-Iribar , Iranzu Sotés , María de las Mercedes Maruri Machado","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2021.100016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2021.100016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper analyses the marine accident reports published by the USA National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) between June 1975 and September 2017, in order to ascertain the exact influence of the crew and/or other people involved (pilots, company, etc.) on the cause of the incident and to find out the types of errors made by them. Additionally, the mistakes and those involved are analysed together to verify the correct implementation of international regulations concerning seafarers. The results suggest that crew error is relatively uncommon in cargo and passenger fleets. This points to the effectiveness of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW convention). However, taking into consideration the high percentage of human error due to failure in communication and misjudgements during navigation in pilot waters, it may be deduced that the coordination among those on the bridge may be improved. On the other hand, crew error on board tugs exceeds 50%. This increase seems to be due to the difficulties of navigation in narrow waterways.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.martra.2021.100016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72115857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

The relationship between commodity prices and freight rates in the dry bulk shipping segment: A threshold regression approach 干散货运输部门商品价格与运费之间的关系：阈值回归方法

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2021.100025

Konstantinos D. Melas , Nektarios A. Michail

{"title":"The relationship between commodity prices and freight rates in the dry bulk shipping segment: A threshold regression approach","authors":"Konstantinos D. Melas , Nektarios A. Michail","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2021.100025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2021.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine for the existence of threshold relationships in the commodity price – charter rate nexus. Using the first lag of the commodity price change as the threshold variable, we find that in the case of large drops in commodity prices, the magnitude of the relationship can strongly change. In such cases, the impact is more passed on to freight rates than under normal conditions, while the prevalence of oil prices becomes less significant. Furthermore, in such occurrences, the relationship of freight rates with their lags is statistically significant suggesting that the shock is maintained in the system for longer. Intuitively, the empirical findings suggest that as commodity prices fall sharply, the freight rate needs to adjust more dynamically to such changes in order to maintain a more or less constant ratio of the transport cost to the end price of the commodity. Finally, the results are also supportive of the existence of a lead-lag relationship between commodity prices and charter rates, in accordance with the literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.martra.2021.100025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72123973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Short sea shipping: Stated intentions of shipowners and operators in the Southern Africa Development Community Region 短途海运：南部非洲发展共同体区域船东和运营商声明的意向

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2021.100015

Abisai Konstantinus

{"title":"Short sea shipping: Stated intentions of shipowners and operators in the Southern Africa Development Community Region","authors":"Abisai Konstantinus","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2021.100015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2021.100015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) region has a need to develop its freight transport network to achieve its development objectives, and short-sea shipping (SSS) has been suggested as a way of achieving some of these objectives. The SADC region however requires impetus in terms of strategy and policy to develop SSS. This paper explores the stated preferences of shipowners and operators (maritime carriers) towards SSS in the SADC Region. It reports on a stated intentions survey conducted with 30 maritime carriers in SADC, which is then analysed using the ordered logit model. The relative influence of the following factors on the preference towards SSS is investigated: volumes of dedicated freight, income per unit cargo carried, percentage discount in port dues, percentage discount in terminal handling charges and ship registration provisions. The results reveal that ship registration provisions and terminal handling charges are the two major factors to address in order to develop SSS in SADC. The adoption of a regional maritime cabotage system is recommended as a strategy increase the take up of SSS by maritime carriers. The results can now inform policy and strategy to develop maritime transport in SADC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.martra.2021.100015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72123975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Rule-based dynamic container stacking to optimize yard operations at port terminals 基于规则的动态集装箱堆放优化港口码头堆场作业

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2021.100034

Janith A. Gunawardhana , H. Niles Perera , Amila Thibbotuwawa

引用次数: 6

Governing coalitions and key performance indicators of port governance 治理联盟和港口治理的关键绩效指标

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2021.100023

Henrique Campos de Oliveira , Jongeun You , André Pires Coelho

{"title":"Governing coalitions and key performance indicators of port governance","authors":"Henrique Campos de Oliveira , Jongeun You , André Pires Coelho","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2021.100023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2021.100023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The port is a crucial part of the international transportation of goods. As technological advances in the maritime industry have driven drastic changes in port policies, scholars have studied decisions on cargo shipping, port regulatory frameworks, and the interests involved in such changes. However, the connection of policy actors to port performance in the maritime transport literature remains largely understudied due to the complexity and heterogeneity of institutional designs chosen by countries. To move towards filling the gap, this paper explores links between governing coalitions and key performance indicators of port governance. We propose eight typologies for classifying governing coalitions of port governance, drawing insights from the Advocacy Coalition Framework. We then explore how different port governance forms are associated with key performance indicators of 17 countries. This paper finds that countries opting for decentralization do not necessarily support trade liberalization or port privatization. The results also show that decentralized governing coalitions are positively associated with higher key performance indicators of port governance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.martra.2021.100023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72122398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Piracy defense strategies for shipping companies and ships: A mixed empirical approach 航运公司和船舶的海盗防御策略：一种混合实证方法

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2021.100020

Po-Hsing Tseng , Zhao-Chao Her , Nick Pilcher

{"title":"Piracy defense strategies for shipping companies and ships: A mixed empirical approach","authors":"Po-Hsing Tseng , Zhao-Chao Her , Nick Pilcher","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2021.100020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2021.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Piracy attacks constitute a serious threat against which ships must be ready to defend themselves, particularly given the financial, political and logistical challenges involved in ensuring internationally coordinated protection. Yet, defense is highly challenging given the range of ship types, differing levels of government support, a constantly adapting pirate body, and pressures on costs and resources. Indeed, despite much guidance to deal with piracy, attacks continue unabated, and ships must defend themselves. To complement such guidance and suggest priorities for ship defense, this paper adopts a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and in-depth interviews to identify key strategic criteria against piracy attacks. Questionnaire responses were from 14 shipping operators and 7 academics. Subsequently, highly experienced government officials (n=3) and shipping operators (n=3) were interviewed to provide additional depth and perspectives. Results show key criteria are international conventions and policy, followed by defense strategies in perilous water areas, and ship's hardware and software. Regarding implementation, it is suggested shipping companies take ownership of any measures introduced, and outlined how they can do so. Also, managerial implications for shipping companies, governments, international bodies and researchers are outlined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.martra.2021.100020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72122397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Predicting vessel speed in the Arctic without knowing ice conditions using AIS data and decision trees 使用AIS数据和决策树在不了解冰况的情况下预测北极的船只速度

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2021.100024

Prithvi S Rao , Ekaterina Kim , Bjørnar Brende Smestad , Bjørn Egil Asbjørnslett , Anirban Bhattacharyya

{"title":"Predicting vessel speed in the Arctic without knowing ice conditions using AIS data and decision trees","authors":"Prithvi S Rao , Ekaterina Kim , Bjørnar Brende Smestad , Bjørn Egil Asbjørnslett , Anirban Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2021.100024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2021.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The vessel speed is one of the important parameters that govern safety, emergency, and transport planning in the Arctic. While previous studies have traditionally relied on physics-based simulations to predict vessel's speed in ice-covered waters, most have not fully explored data-driven approaches and powerful supervised machine learning tools to aid speed prediction. This study offers a perspective of applying supervised machine learning models to predict MV SOG using historical Automatic Identification System (AIS) data and <em>without</em> explicit knowledge of local ice conditions. This paper presents a case-study from the region of the Eastern Barents Sea and the Southern Kara Sea. We first analyzed the vessel traffic situation for the years 2017 and 2018, and then used this knowledge to build statistical models to predict vessel speeds. Finally, we evaluated the models’ performance on a test dataset from January 2019. Performance of three models (Random Forest, XGBoost, and LightGBM) have been tested with a variety of date-time handling techniques, and data input mode being permuted to arrive at the most optimal model. The results demonstrate the ability of the models to predict the vessel's speed based on its geographical location, time of the year and other engineered features such as daylight information and route. With the proposed approach we were able to achieve mean absolute error 3.5 knots in average on a test dataset without explicit knowledge of local ice conditions around the vessel, with the majority of the errors being in the Kara Strait region and the Sabetta Channel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.martra.2021.100024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72122408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Support of the speed decision in liner operation by evaluating the trade-off between bunker fuel consumption and reliability 通过评估舱内燃料消耗和可靠性之间的权衡来支持班轮运行中的速度决策

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2021.100009

A. Graf von Westarp, C. Brabänder

{"title":"Support of the speed decision in liner operation by evaluating the trade-off between bunker fuel consumption and reliability","authors":"A. Graf von Westarp, C. Brabänder","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2021.100009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2021.100009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In liner container shipping, the optimization of bunker fuel costs and reliability can theoretically be achieved by steaming the distance in the available time at average, constant speed. However, in reality bunker fuel costs and reliability are mutually contradictory objectives. Due to incidents (e.g. technical problems on board of vessels, bad weather conditions, piracy) speed ups are necessary to arrive on schedule or at least to mitigate the delay. In this paper, a new approach to liner speed management is proposed. In order to manage the trade-off between bunker fuel consumption and reliability of services, a preventive buffer structure is built up to secure the schedule against delays. However, any analytical calculation of the structure and its effects can only be achieved with disproportionate effort. Therefore, a “discrete event simulation” is applied. Although a heuristic attempt does not provide the exact solution, reasonable and wide-ranged solutions are offered. Different decision alternatives are outlined, structured and tested to find appropriate speed profiles. For the evaluation of speed profiles three measures of reliability and deviation (<span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>-reliability: ratio of punctual vessels [in%], <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>-deviation: average positive deviation from the schedule [in hours], <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-deviation: average negative deviation [in hours]) and costs are illuminated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.martra.2021.100009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72122410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Economic and environmental impacts of alternative routing scenarios in the context of China's belt and road initiative 中国“一带一路”倡议倡议背景下替代路线方案的经济和环境影响

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2021.100030

Haider J , Sanchez Rodrigues V , Pettit SJ , Harris I , Beresford AKC , Shi Y

引用次数: 2

Reflecting economic activity through ports: The case of Australia 通过港口反映经济活动：以澳大利亚为例

Maritime Transport Research Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.martra.2021.100021

Jason Angelopoulos , Thomas Vitsounis , Persa Paflioti , Constantinos Chlomoudis , Ioannis Tsmourgelis

{"title":"Reflecting economic activity through ports: The case of Australia","authors":"Jason Angelopoulos , Thomas Vitsounis , Persa Paflioti , Constantinos Chlomoudis , Ioannis Tsmourgelis","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2021.100021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2021.100021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With approximately 85% of global trade moved by sea, the relationship between ports and the economy has become symbiotic. Identifying and tracking this relationship is sought by both port economics and port forecasting literature. Tackling both challenges -i.e., the ports-economy relationship and forecasting- at once, can only be pursued by data-driven factor models, through their ability to reduce the dimensionality of large cross sections of time series. We find fertile ground in applying, for the first time, a factor modeling approach to the Australian port sector by utilizing a disaggregate dataset of 2765 series representing national and regional port activity for 20 years. Through our model, we establish a quantifiable connection between ports and the economy and demonstrate their capacity in reflecting economic activity. We assess a rich lead-lag structure in our dataset and trace its cyclical properties. Using the same method, we compare the Australian and U.S port sectors, revealing insights on their structural differences. Finally, utilizing our model as a forecasting device, we report favorable short and mid-term forecasting performance against benchmarks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100885,"journal":{"name":"Maritime Transport Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.martra.2021.100021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72122399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3