Malignancy Spectrum最新文献

{"title":"The mechanistic role of curcumin and its analogs in NSCLC: An evaluation of cell death in preclinical studies","authors":"Ela Kesen Boztas,&nbsp;Sevki Mustafa Demiroz,&nbsp;Hacer Ilke Onen","doi":"10.1002/msp2.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lung cancer is the leading malignancy among males and ranks the second in females, with an estimated two million new diagnoses annually. It ranks the first in cancer-related deaths among men and the second, following breast cancer, among women. The most significant risk factor for lung cancer is smoking. There are two main types of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), with about 85% of cases falling into the NSCLC category. Even with a combination of treatments for NSCLC, such as surgical intervention, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy, the 5-year survival rates for those diagnosed with advanced NSCLC have not reached satisfactory levels, with chemotherapy continuing to be the main therapeutic approach. In advanced NSCLC treatment, gemcitabine and platinum-based agents are applied as first-line therapy. However, acquired or pre-existing drug resistance can prevent chemotherapeutic agents from achieving the expected effect on patients and increasing the drug dose can lead to an increase in side effects. In recent years, for these reasons, there has been an increased interest in phytochemicals to enhance the cytotoxic effects of therapeutic agents on cancer cells while minimizing their toxic effects on healthy tissues. One of the most studied phytochemicals is curcumin. Despite its anticancer effects on NSCLC cells, its low stability and poor pharmacokinetics have led to unsatisfactory results in studies. Therefore, a variety of analogs have been synthesized. This review explores the impact of curcumin and its analogs on the pathways of cell death in NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"1 4","pages":"263-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.53","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on immunotherapy-mediated colitis: Clinical features, mechanisms, and management","authors":"Dandan Wang,&nbsp;Yiwei Zhao,&nbsp;Yiyun Zeng,&nbsp;Lanlin Hu,&nbsp;Chuan Xu","doi":"10.1002/msp2.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.50","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has radically transformed the field of oncological therapy. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with the treatment might affect the life quality and even threaten the life of cancer patients. Immunotherapy-mediated colitis (IMC) is one of the most prevalent irAEs, especially in anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 antibody (CTLA4) therapy. Current management of IMC includes administering immunosuppressants and discontinuing the treatment, which might affect the therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we briefly summarize the development of ICIs in cancer immunotherapy and the incidence, diagnosis, and management of IMC. Recent insights into the cellular and molecular pathways that underpin IMC, perspective research, and promising therapeutic strategies are highlighted. Further understanding of IMC and its implications will assist clinicians in optimizing treatment strategies to mitigate this side effect while maximizing the benefits of ICIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"1 4","pages":"225-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.50","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective observational study of patients with melanoma prescribed combined BRAF and MEK inhibitors in a real-world treatment setting in Japan","authors":"Kenjiro Namikawa,&nbsp;Kok Yew Ngew,&nbsp;Zuzanna Lukowicz,&nbsp;Ryosuke Kano","doi":"10.1002/msp2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.51","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to describe patients with melanoma initiating treatments with dabrafenib plus trametinib (Dab + Tram) or encorafenib plus binimetinib (Enco + Bini) in a real-world setting in Japan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were extracted from the Japanese Medical Data Vision (MDV) insurance claims database. Patients diagnosed with melanoma between 2012 and 2021 and prescribed with Dab + Tram or Enco + Bini were included in three cohorts: non-adjuvant Dab + Tram, adjuvant Dab + Tram, and Enco + Bini. Data were extracted on patient characteristics at treatment initiation. During follow-up, all changes in melanoma treatments were documented. Treatment adherence was determined as the proportion of prescription days covered (PDC) and treatment dose intensity as the relative dose intensity (RDI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-seven patients were included in the non-adjuvant Dab + Tram cohort (55 first-line treatments), seven in the adjuvant Dab + Tram cohort (six first-line treatments), and 16 in the Enco + Bini cohort (four first-line treatments). The mean age was 61.3 ± 13.5 years and 56.1% were men. Twenty-seven patients with non-adjuvant Dab + Tram or Enco + Bini in first line (45.8%) switched to a second line. The median treatment duration was 11.8 months for Dab + Tram and 8.1 months for Enco + Bini. A PDC ≥ 80% was observed for 85.7% of patients with adjuvant Dab + Tram, 68.7% for non-adjuvant Dab + Tram, and 75.0% for Enco + Bini. Median RDI was 1.0 for adjuvant Dab + Tram, 0.9 for non-adjuvant Dab + Tram, and 0.6 for Enco + Bini.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dab + Tram is used consistently with clinical practice guidelines in the adjuvant setting, but adherence in the non-adjuvant setting is suboptimal, as is the prescribed dose of Enco + Bini. Prescribers should ensure that these therapies are used in an optimal way to improve outcomes in melanoma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"1 4","pages":"312-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.51","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary malignant melanoma of the breast: A case report without relapse","authors":"Alejandro Caballero,&nbsp;Mario Perez,&nbsp;Issis Rodriguez","doi":"10.1002/msp2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.49","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to report the treatment and outcomes of a patient with primary malignant melanoma of the breast parenchyma using mastectomy as the main treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Patient and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 67-year-old female presented with a palpable lump approximately 2 cm in diameter in the lower inner quadrant of the left breast, and underwent ultrasound guided cutting needle biopsy. Cytological examination identified a malignant melanoma of the breast, and she received treatment with a modified radical mastectomy. Further assessment was carried out using a positron emission tomography/computed tomography, which negated the presence of a primary lesion in either adjacent or distant sites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After three years of follow-up with ultrasonography (USG) and mammography annually and a complete physical examination every six months in the clinic, the patient remained alive with no evidence of local or distant recurrence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The surgical management of this case is appropriate according to the available literature up to the present. We recommend <i>BRAF</i> mutation testing and melanocytic marker testing for all patients to ensure the correct focus when selecting biomarker-based immunotherapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"1 4","pages":"339-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.49","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of genetic profile of breast carcinoma on MRI using a combination of DCE-MRI, DWI, and MR spectroscopy: A prospective observational study","authors":"Payal Sharma,&nbsp;Ishan Kumar,&nbsp;Ritu Ojha,&nbsp;Seema Khanna,&nbsp;Ashish Verma","doi":"10.1002/msp2.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.45","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Classification of breast cancer based on gene expression has emerged as the standard approach in its management, owing to the distinct prognoses and treatment responses observed among different subtypes. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the imaging features of the molecular subtypes of breast cancer using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mMRI) with the combined assessment of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and MR spectroscopy (MRS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a prospective observational single-center cohort study, which included women with BI-RADS 4−5 lesions on mammography/ultrasound (US) who subsequently underwent 1.5 T MRI (encompassing DCE-MRI, DWI, and MRS). The histological subtypes of breast cancer were assessed. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Ki-67 status, and human epidermal growth receptor-2 (HER2) expression, assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), defined four molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched (Her2en), and triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC). Statistical associations between the four molecular subtypes and MRI features were investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty patients were included in the study. Circumscribed margins were significantly correlated with triple-negative tumors compared to others (78% versus 6%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Spiculated margins were observed in non-triple negative tumors. Rim enhancement was significantly correlated to triple-negative tumors compared to all other subtypes (71.4% versus 25%, <i>p</i> = 0.035). Mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were significantly lower for luminal subtypes compared to non-luminal subtypes (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The total choline (tCho) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was higher in triple-negative tumors. A combined algorithm using DCE-MRI, DWI, and MRS can predict TNBC and Her2en with specificity of 86.6% and 100%, respectively, and sensitivity of 100% and 85.37%, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The combination of mMRI with DCE-MRI, DWI, and MRS can accurately differentiate the molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"1 4","pages":"290-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.45","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoxia combined with radiation reverses migration and invasion of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by remodeling extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of miR-23b-5p from cancer-associated fibroblasts","authors":"Chuanshi He,&nbsp;Mingzhe Xie,&nbsp;Zhimi Zhang,&nbsp;Bangrong Cao,&nbsp;Huaichao Luo,&nbsp;Guiquan Zhu,&nbsp;Shun Lu,&nbsp;Ling Li","doi":"10.1002/msp2.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.44","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the main matrix components in the tumor microenvironment (TME), play a crucial role in tumor progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) as main mediators in intercellular communication can be regulated by hypoxia or radiation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CAFs were extracted from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues and CAF-derived EVs were collected by ultracentrifugation. Bioinformatics analysis determined the role of poly (U)-specific endonuclease (ENDOU) on HNSCC progression and confirmed that ENDOU inhibited HNSCC progression by overexpressing <i>ENDOU</i> in HNSCC. Dual-luciferase activity report assay confirmed that miR-23b-5p was involved in the regulation of <i>ENDOU</i> expression. The migration and invasion of HNSCC cells were verified by transwell assay. Furthermore, tumor-bearing mouse models were used to demonstrate the potential of EVs loaded with miR-23b-5p in HNSCC to promote tumor progression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results showed that <i>ENDOU</i> was downregulated in HNSCC and inhibited HNSCC migration and invasion. Hypoxia and radiotherapy reversed CAF-derived EVs to promote migration and invasion of HNSCC. Mechanically, hypoxia and radiation downregulated miR-23b-5p in CAF-derived EVs and then restored <i>ENDOU</i> expression in HNSCC. Finally, CAF-derived EVs carrying miR-23b-5p promoted the progression of HNSCC cells in vivo by regulating <i>ENDOU</i> expression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrated that hypoxia combined with radiation reverses the promoting effect of CAFs on HNSCC migration and invasion by reducing the delivery of miR-23b-5p by CAF-derived EVs to decrease the inhibitory effect of <i>ENDOU</i> expression in HNSCC. The results provide a new perspective for better understanding the role of stromal components in TME in tumor regulation. Furthermore, the results provide a strong basis for the possibility of <i>ENDOU</i> as a biomarker for HNSCC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"1 4","pages":"275-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.44","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of irinotecan/carboplatin versus etoposide/carboplatin for extended disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC): A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Zeeshan Afzal,&nbsp;Sara Hira,&nbsp;Xia Song,&nbsp;Na Wang","doi":"10.1002/msp2.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.46","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Platinum-based chemotherapy in addition to the non-platinum agent etoposide is the standard of care for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). However, the front-line chemotherapy regimen is not known. Therefore, we aimed to perform this review comparing irinotecan/carboplatin (IC) and etoposide/carboplatin (EC) in patients of extended disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched three databases, that is, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The outcomes for complete response (CR), median overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated. In addition, adverse events such as leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, diarrhea, and infections were also assessed. RevMan 5.4.1 was used to perform the statistical analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 676 patients were included. There was a significant difference between IC and EC arms in terms of CR (risk ratio [RR] = 2.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20−5.32; <i>p</i> = 0.02, <i>I</i>^<i>2</i> (i.e., the percentage of the total variance that is due to between-study heterogeneity) = 0%), leukopenia (RR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.23−0.97; <i>p</i> = 0.04; <i>I</i>^<i>2</i> = 90%), amimia (RR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.38−0.78; <i>p</i> = 0.0008; <i>I</i>^<i>2</i> = 0%), thrombocytopenia (RR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.39–0.68; <i>p</i> = 0.00001; <i>I</i>^<i>2</i> = 0%), and diarrhea (RR = 4.88; 95% CI: 1.64−14.49; <i>p</i> = 0.004; <i>I</i>^<i>2</i> = 33%). There was no statistically significant difference between IC and EC arms in terms of median OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.84−1.62; <i>p</i> = 0.37; <i>I</i>^<i>2</i> = 74%), PFS (HR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.69−1.56; <i>p</i> = 0.85; <i>I</i>^<i>2</i> = 77%), nausea (RR = 1.70; 95% CI: 0.76−3.81; <i>p</i> = 0.19; <i>I</i>^<i>2</i> = 0%), infection (RR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.64−1.48; <i>p</i> = 0.89; <i>I</i>^<i>2</i> = 0%), and treatment-related deaths (RR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.24−1.42; <i>p</i> = 0.23; <i>I</i>^<i>2</i> = 0%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This meta-analysis provides valuable evidence supporting the superiority of IC regimens over EC regimens in terms of CR and toxicity profile for ED-SCLC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"1 4","pages":"300-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.46","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reliability of multi-source data linkage for population-based cancer survival estimates: A study in a metropolitan cancer registry of China","authors":"Yubing Shen,&nbsp;Ruiying Fu,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Wang,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhang,&nbsp;Ying Zhou,&nbsp;Yiheng Zhou,&nbsp;Jue Liu,&nbsp;Dan Mei,&nbsp;Bingfeng Han,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Shaoming Wang,&nbsp;Ru Chen,&nbsp;Kexin Sun,&nbsp;Hong Lin,&nbsp;Huijuan Mu,&nbsp;Ke Sun,&nbsp;Hongmei Zeng,&nbsp;Wenqiang Wei","doi":"10.1002/msp2.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.43","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Population-based cancer survival is a key metric in evaluating the overall effectiveness of health services and cancer control activities. Advancement in information technology enables accurate vital status tracking through multi-source data linkage. However, its reliability for survival estimates in China is unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed data from Dalian Cancer Registry to evaluate the reliability of multi-source data linkage for population-based cancer survival estimates in China. Newly diagnosed cancer patients in 2015 were included and followed until June 2021. We conducted single-source data linkage by linking patients to Dalian Vital Statistics System, and multi-source data linkage by further linking to Dalian Household Registration System and the hospital medical records. Patient vital status was subsequently determined through active follow-up via telephone calls, referred to as comprehensive follow-up, which served as the gold standard. Using the cohort method, we calculated 5-year observed survival and age-standardized relative survival for 20 cancer types and all cancers combined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to comprehensive follow-up, single-source data linkage overestimated 5-year observed survival by 3.2% for all cancers combined, ranging from 0.1% to 8.6% across 20 cancer types. Multi-source data linkage provided a relatively complete patient vital status, with an observed survival estimate of only 0.3% higher for all cancers, ranging from 0% to 1.5% across 20 cancer types.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multi-source data linkage contributes to reliable population-based cancer survival estimates in China. Linkage of multiple databases might be of great value in improving the efficiency of follow-up and the quality of survival data for cancer patients in developing countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"1 3","pages":"205-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.43","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural network models based on clinical characteristics for predicting immunotherapy efficacy in small cell lung cancer","authors":"Wei Li,&nbsp;Zhaoxin Chen,&nbsp;Mingjun Lu,&nbsp;Zhendong Lu,&nbsp;Siyun Fu,&nbsp;Yuhua Wu,&nbsp;Hong Tao,&nbsp;Liang Shi,&nbsp;Teng Ma,&nbsp;Jinghui Wang","doi":"10.1002/msp2.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.41","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has been approved as first-line therapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) due to the survival benefit in randomized controlled trials. However, predicting its efficacy remains a challenge in the absence of currently available biomarkers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 140 individuals with SCLC who received immunotherapy were evaluated retrospectively. These patients were split into two distinct cohorts, the discovery cohort (80% of the total, <i>n</i> = 112) and the validation cohort (20% of the total, <i>n</i> = 28). The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and responder (progression-free survival [PFS] &gt; 6 months) were all predicted using neural networks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We developed predictive models for three clinical outcomes. ORR scored 0.8964 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the discovery cohort and 0.8421 AUC in the validation cohort. DCR model had AUC of 0.8618 in the discovery cohort and AUC of 0.7396 in the validation cohort. The responder model had AUC of 0.8116 in the discovery cohort and AUC of 0.7041 in the validation cohort. The models were then compressed into a doctor-friendly tool.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These neural network-based models, which are based on routine clinical characteristics, accurately predict the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with SCLC, particularly in terms of ORR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"1 3","pages":"162-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.41","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estrogen and progesterone receptor expression: Impacts on platinum sensitivity and survival outcomes in high-grade serous ovarian cancer","authors":"Behzat Can,&nbsp;Ezgi Roza Gül,&nbsp;Hüseyin Salih Semiz,&nbsp;Kemal Hansu,&nbsp;Volkan Karataşlı,&nbsp;Sevil Sayhan,&nbsp;Muzaffer Sancı","doi":"10.1002/msp2.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.42","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to explore the impact of patient-specific factors on the effectiveness of platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression levels and platinum sensitivity, and how this influenced treatment outcomes and prognosis. We conducted a survival analysis on patients who underwent surgical treatment for serous ovarian cancer and received platinum-based adjuvant therapies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was a retrospective observational analysis of 171 patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer. We extracted and analyzed the patients' clinical data, focusing on platinum sensitivity concerning hormone receptor expression. We also assessed survival outcomes based on receptor expression and platinum resistance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings revealed that 78.4% (<i>n</i> = 134) of the patients were platinum-sensitive, while 21.6% (<i>n</i> = 37) were platinum-resistant. The expression of hormone receptors showed significant associations with platinum sensitivity, particularly among ER-positive patients (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Age, disease stage, preoperative carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) levels, and residual tumor size were identified as notable factors influencing both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). In terms of PFS, 88.5% of patients remained free from disease progression after one year, but this percentage dropped to 21% after five years. The average duration of PFS was 35.3 months. As for OS, 93.5% of patients were still alive after one year, but this percentage decreased to 50.5% after five years. The average survival duration was 64 months. Furthermore, platinum resistance was found to be a significant risk factor for disease progression, with a more than fivefold increase in risk (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study identified disease stage progression, ER negativity, and platinum resistance as the primary factors influencing OS. We also found that ER and PR expression played a crucial role in determining the sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with serous ovarian cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"1 3","pages":"189-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.42","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}